Fundamentals of Fluidized-Bed Chemical Processes

Preface Nomenclature Introduction 1 Some Fundamental Aspects of Fluidization 1.1 General Features of Gas-Solid Fluidization 1.2 Minimum Fluidization Velocity 1.3 Fluidization Characteristics of Powders 1.4 Interparticle Forces 1.5 Liquid-Solid Fluidization 1.6 Bubbles 1.7 Slugging 1.8 Beyond the Slugging Region 1.9 Entrainment and Elutriation 1.10 Particle Movement 1.11 Bed Viscosity 1.12 Fluidization Under Pressure 1.13 Heat Transfer 1.14 Gas Distributors References 2 Fluidized-Bed Reactor Models 2.1 Introduction 2.2 General Approach to Reactor Modelling 2.3 Some Individual Models 2.4 Model Comparisons 2.5 Multiple Region Models References 3 Catalytic Cracking 3.1 Process Developments 3.2 Riser Cracking 3.3 Catalysts 3.4 Process Chemistry 3.5 Energy Considerations 3.6 Kinetics 3.7 Process Models References 4 Combustion and Gasification 4.1 Introduction 4.2 General Features of Fluidized Coal Combustion 4.3 Plant Developments 4.4 Mechanism of Coal Combustion 4.5 Oil and Gas Combustion 4.6 Desulphurization 4.7 Nox Emissions 4.8 Coal Gasification References 5 Miscellaneous Processes 5.1 Apologia 5.2 Phthalic Anhydride (1,3-Isobenzofurandione) 5.3 Acrylonitrile (Prop-3-Enenitrile) 5.4 Vinyl Chloride (Chloroethene) 5.5 Titanium Dioxide 5.6 Uranium Processing 5.7 Sulphide Ore Roasting 5.8 Direct Reduction of Iron Ores References Author Index Subject Index