Industrial Biofouling

Preface Acknowledgement Nomenclature 1. Industrial Biofouling 1. Introduction 2. Fluid Flow, Mass and Heat Transfer 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Fluid Flow 2.3. Mass Transfer 2.4. Heat Transfer 2.5. Concluding Remarks 3. Biofilms 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Microbiology 3.3. Biofilms 3.4. Requirements for Microbial Growth 3.5. The Importance of Surfaces 3.6. Adhesion of Microbial Cells to Surfaces 3.7. Interacting Forces 3.8. The Influence of Adsorbed Layers 3.9. The Physical Quality of the Surface 3.10. Industrial Conditions 3.11. The Establishment of Biofilms in Summary 3.12. The Influence of Other Fouling Mechanisms 3.13. Particle/Biofilm Interactions 3.14. The Growth of Biofilms 3.15. Structure and Stability of Biofilms 3.16. Biofouling Modelling 3.17. Biofilms and Corrosion 3.18. The Cost of Biofouling 3.19. Concluding Remarks 4. Biofouling Control 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Chemical Control 4.3. Physical Methods of Control 4.4. Potential physical techniques for biofouling control 4.5. Combined Use of Physical and Chemical Techniques 4.6. Potential Combined Physical and Chemical Control—concluding Remarks 5. Cleaning Off-line 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Application of Cleaning Technologies 5.3. Concluding Remarks on Off-line Cleaning 6. Biofouling Monitoring 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Off-line Monitoring 6.3. Process Plant Monitoring 6.4. Monitoring in the Laboratory 6.5. Biofouling Measurement Techniques 6.6. The Accuracy of Test Data 6.7. Concluding Remarks 7. Biofilms in Industry 7.1. Introduction 7.2. The Water Industry 7.3. Food Industry 7.4. Paper Manufacture 7.5. Cooling Water 7.6. The problem of Legionella pneumophila 8. Concluding Remarks Index