Obstetric and Gynaecological Ultrasound Made Easy, International Edition

Section 1: Obstetrics

1 How to learn obstetric scanning

1.1 The machine and its controls

1.2 Your training schedule

1.3 Log your cases

1.4 Reporting your findings


2 Early pregnancy

2.1 The viable pregnancy

2.2 The non-viable pregnancy

2.3 Ectopic pregnancy

2.4 Multiple pregnancy

2.5 Molar pregnancy

2.6 Nuchal translucency

2.7 Fetal abnormalities

2.8 Associated findings


3 The detailed anomaly scan

3.1 The head

3.2 The spine

3.3 The chest

3.4 The abdominal wall and contents

3.5 The limbs

3.6 Soft markers


4 The cervix, placenta and amniotic fluid

4.1 The cervix

4.2 Placental morphology

4.3 Antepartum haemorrhage

4.4 Assessment of amniotic fluid


5 Fetal growth and assessment

5.1 Indications

5.2 Normal growth

5.3 Your growth scan

5.4 Measurements and clinical interpretation

5.5 Macrosomia

5.6 Intrauterine growth restriction

5.7 Doppler

5.8 Biophysical profile

5.9 Multiple pregnancy


6 Invasive procedures

6.1 Technique

6.2 Amniocentesis

6.3 Chorion biopsy

6.4 Fetal blood sampling

6.5 Intracardiac injection

6.6 Other procedures

Section 2: Gynaecology

7 How to undertake a gynaecological scan

7.1 Preparing the patient and yourself

7.2 The transabdominal scan

7.3 The transvaginal scan

7.4 Reporting your findings


8 The uterus

8.1 Physiological changes in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle

8.2 Normal uterine appearance

8.3 Normal endometrial appearance

8.4 Abnormal endometrial appearance

8.5 Abnormal myometrial appearance

8.6 Intrauterine contraceptive devices

8.7 The cervix


9 The ovaries

9.1 Physiological changes seen in the ovary

9.2 Normal ovarian appearance

9.3 Functional cysts

9.4 Polycystic ovaries

9.5 Abnormal ovarian appearance – benign or malignant?


10 The use of ultrasound for fertility problems

10.1 Investigation

10.2 Assisted conception

Further reading
Index