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Elsevier

Libros en Artes y Humanidades

  • A Decade of Federal Antipoverty Programs

    Achievements, Failures, and Lessons
    • 1 Edición
    • Robert H. Haveman
    • Inglés
    A Decade of Federal Antipoverty Programs: Achievements, Failures, and Lessons presents papers on the war on poverty, dealing with its origins, its education, health, and income maintenance programs, and its community action, legal services, and antidiscrimination policies. The book discusses poverty and social policy in the 1960s and 1970s; the social and political context of the war on poverty; and a decade of policy developments in the income-maintenance system. The text also describes a decade of policy developments in improving education and training for low-income populations; a decade of policy developments in providing health care for low-income families; and the mobilization of low-income communities through community action. 10 Years of legal services for the poor; and a decade of policy-developments in equal opportunities in employment and housing are also considered. Historians and people involved in political sciences will find the book invaluable.

  • Selected Readings in Quantitative Urban Analysis

    • 1 Edición
    • Samuel J. Bernstein + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Selected Readings in Quantitative Urban Analysis focuses on the use of quantitative approaches in addressing urban problems. The areas discussed are overall urban models; urban models dealing with the basic economic factors of urban life (workers and jobs, housing, and transportation); urban models dealing with the provision of basic services (education, health care, fire, police, water, and sanitation); urban models dealing with the provision of the luxuries of urban life (theater, ballet, symphony); urban models dealing with how the decisions to provide these factors are made (policy formulation and the resolution of conflicting priorities). This book is comprised of 11 chapters and begins with an outline of the major areas of urban life, analyzed in a quantitative manner. Urban modeling is then introduced, and problems and pitfalls in urban model building are considered. The next section looks at the economic base of urban life, with emphasis on labor markets and labor force; urban housing markets and housing policy; and policy and policy models in transportation. Subsequent chapters explore essential urban services, including public education, community health services, fire protection, sanitation, and emergency medical services. The remaining sections discuss the amenities of urban life and urban politics and policy. This monograph should be useful to urban administrators and planners as well as students interested in urban problems.

  • Dimensions of Behavior

    The Psychiatric Foundations of Medicine
    • 1 Edición
    • Leon Wurmser + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Dimensions of Behavior: The Psychiatric Foundations of Medicine provides the general background of the field and lays the foundations of the origins of behavior. It is a modern textbook of psychiatry written specifically for medical students and physicians. In its comprehensive scope, it contains the contributions of all the disciplines that are relevant to the behavioral, psychological, social, and humanistic aspects of medicine, as well as the contributions of clinical psychiatry that constitute an integral part of the healing art and science of medicine. The book is organized into six parts. Parts I and II are introductory and present the historical development of psychological thinking in medicine and the evolving status of psychiatry in the contemporary scene, with an emphasis on the need for a new medical model. They further attempt to sketch a general conceptualization of human behavior that transcends the disciplinary boundaries of biological and psychosocial sciences, through an introduction into the philosophical and epistemological approaches to studying man and his behavior. Part III introduces basic concepts related to an evolutionary understanding of human behavior, together with contributing extrapolations from ethological and laboratory animal studies. Parts IV through VI present the developmental dimension of behavior. Human development is discussed from the point of view of its biological foundations and genetic determinants, from the point of view of the various psychological theories of personality development, and in terms of the developmental stages of man. This longitudinal perspective of behavior provides the fundamental considerations for understanding the uniqueness of the individual.

  • How Newspapers Work

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Liberal Studies Division
    • 1 Edición
    • W. Roy Nash
    • D. F. Bratchell + 1 más
    • Inglés
    How Newspapers Work is a detailed account of how newspapers work, with emphasis on the mechanics of news gathering and tasks of the reporter, sub-editor, news specialists, and editor. A typical day in the life of a morning newspaper is described, and the role of the press in society is examined. This book is comprised of seven chapters and begins with an introduction to the history of newspapers, with particular reference to some ""popular"" national daily newspapers in Britain such as the Daily Express, Daily Mail, Daily Herald, Daily Mirror, and Daily Sketch. The next chapter focuses on the role of reporters in gathering news, their education and training, and qualities of a good reporter. Subsequent chapters look at the main tasks of sub-editors, news specialists such as columnists, and editors. The penultimate chapter describes a typical day in the life of a morning newspaper, while the last chapter considers the social and political aspects of the press. This monograph will be of interest to journalists and those considering a career in the newspaper industry.

  • Action with the Elderly

    A Handbook for Relatives and Friends
    • 1 Edición
    • Kenneth M. G. Keddie
    • Inglés
    Action with the Elderly: A Handbook for Relatives and Friends contains practical advice that will help the elderly citizens adjust in this mobile, technological, and rapidly changing society. This handbook describes the services it offers as complementing the qualities of a ""good doctor, the good priest, the good neighbor, and even the qualities of the good parent."" The text addresses the value of independence in old age, with some case studies to drive the point. The book explains rendering help in a personal way through visits, conversation, or reading; the text likewise offers tips on helping in practical ways such as cooking, memory compensation, and offers of appropriate and nourishing food. The book lists and explains other ways of caring such as maintenance of the home, appropriate health concerns, and communications. The text lists organizations and persons responsible for the elderly. The family doctor, voluntary organizations, and churches all contribute to the well-being of the elderly. The book then discusses the problems of the elderly such as psychological changes or bereavement. This handbook also offers advice on how to deal with serious mental disturbances, for example, depression, delirium, paranoia, or senility. This book will prove its worth to relatives, friends, caregivers, voluntary workers, social workers, religious ministers, and administrators of home for the aged institutions.

  • Nuclear Power Hazard Control Policy

    • 1 Edición
    • John C. Chicken
    • Inglés
    Nuclear Power Hazard Control Policy presents an analysis of the factors that appear to have influenced the formation and form of nuclear power hazard control policy in Britain. Particular attention is directed to those political groups that have developed a special interest in the problems of nuclear power, and to the interplay between organized groupings and public opinion generally. The metamorphosis of these groupings is traced from the origins of the nuclear industry in World War II to their prominent role during the Windscale Inquiry. This volume is comprised of nine chapters and begins with a simple account of the technical nature of nuclear hazards and of the legal and administrative framework that has been developed to control them. The subsequent chapters concentrate primarily on the influence exerted by social and political factors. Throughout the study, emphasis is given to the policy constraint imposed by increased expectations in the form of demands for higher standards of living, as well as improvements in the quality of the environment. The final chapter describes a model of the policy-making system that takes account of the consequences of variation with time in the environment surrounding the system. Appendices are included to provide a chronology of the relevant events and a summary of the administrative arrangements that various countries have made to control the safety of nuclear reactors. This monograph will be of value to policymakers concerned with the hazards of nuclear power and how to control them.

  • Human Rights Begin with Breakfast

    • 1 Edición
    • John Madeley
    • Inglés
    In Human Rights Begin with Breakfast, the author John Madeley expands the idea of human rights and discusses several issues that can directly affect or go in conflict with the preservation of human rights. The first chapter reviews the concept of human rights, and the next two chapters discuss aid and commodities, respectively, and how they play a role in human rights. The fourth chapter tackles trade in manufactured goods. Chapter 5 discusses the capabilities of multinationals to further economic rights, while the next chapter covers science and technology in relation to human rights. Chapter 7 tackles armaments and economic rights, while Chapter 8 talks about national and personal lifestyle and economic rights. The last chapter discusses a comprehensive approach to remedy the predicaments of human rights. This book will be of great interest to readers who are concerned with the issues and progress of human rights.

  • Soccer Hooliganism

    A Preliminary Report
    • 1 Edición
    • Denis Howell + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Soccer Hooliganism: A Preliminary Report focuses on the study of the intrusion of hooliganism into sports, especially football. This book begins with a description of the methods of inquiry that surveys and evaluates existing opinions regarding the problem of football hooliganism, followed by a discussion of its extent and seriousness. The nature of football hooliganism, which includes rowdysim, horseplay and threatening behavior, foul support, soccermania, football riots, and vandalism are also reviewed in detail. Injuries resulting from hooliganism are also elaborated. Other topics include the characteristics of convicted hooligans, causes and epidemiology of hooliganism, and ethological study of football crowds. This text concludes with a deliberation of the control and prevention of hooliganism, including a summary of the main findings and recommendations of the problem. This publication is suitable for specialists and medical practitioners concerned with the psychiatric studies of convicted hooligans or misbehavior among spectators.

  • Patterns of Care for the Subnormal

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Mental Health and Social Medicine Division
    • 1 Edición
    • Michael Craft + 1 más
    • H. L. Freeman
    • Inglés
    Patterns of Care for the Subnormal examines the pattern of care for the mentally subnormal in relation to medical, educational, and social services in England and Wales. Topics covered range from variations on the theme of subnormality to the prevalence of mental subnormality, hospital functions, and trends in hospital and community services. A comprehensive service for the subnormal is also considered. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book begins with an analysis of the term subnormal from the educational, legal, sociological, psychological, and administrative perspectives. The discussion then turns to variations on the theme of subnormality by presenting four case histories to illustrate the usage of the term subnormality. Subsequent chapters focus on the prevalence of mental subnormality; trends in a hospital service and in a community service; subnormality admissions to Welsh subnormality hospitals in 1964; and patients needing all types of subnormality hospital care in Wales in 1965. Patterns of subnormality care in other societies are also considered. The final chapter describes a comprehensive service for the subnormal that encompasses prevention and diagnosis as well as education and training, community social services, and full-time care. This monograph will be of interest to doctors, psychologists, educationalists, and administrators.

  • Settlement Systems in Sparsely Populated Regions

    The United States and Australia
    • 1 Edición
    • Richard E. Lonsdale + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Settlement Systems in Sparsely Populated Regions: The United States and Australia provides an understanding of the special difficulties encountered by those living in sparselands and the issues facing government policy makers. This book discusses the regional aspects of human settlement as well as the regional differences in human welfare. Organized into 18 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the special set of characteristics and problems of sparsely populated regions. This text then describes the rapid changes affecting lightly populated areas. Other chapters consider the collective accessibility of any location in connection to the total national population as represented by maps of population potential. This book describes as well the more self-sufficient nucleated rural settlement of the far outback. The final chapter deals with the six general observations concerning sparsely populated lands thought to have applicability beyond just the United States and Australia. This book is a valuable resource for government policy makers.

  • Government in the Federal Republic of Germany

    The Executive at Work
    • 1 Edición
    • Nevil Johnson
    • Inglés
    Government in the Federal Republic of Germany: The Executive at Work focuses on the government in the Federal Republic of Germany as an executive activity, as well as the institutional framework for the overall control and direction of public action. The effects of the decentralized structure of government on the behavior and relationships of political parties are also explored. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with a discussion on past institutional structures and procedures that have shaped particular ideas about law, politics, and government in West Germany, including the retention of a federal structure of government, constitutionalism, and the Rechtsstaat. The following chapters deal with the political framework of the Federal Republic of Germany; federal executive leadership; the federal administrative system; and federalism and decentralization in West German government. The bureaucracy, the problem of how to control the exercise of governmental powers, and the challenge of expanding government in West Germany are also considered. This monograph will be of interest to political scientists, politicians, government officials, and students of government and politics.

  • Melatonin: Current Status and Perspectives

    Proceedings of an International Symposium on Melatonin, Held in Bremen, Federal Republic of Germany, September 28-30, 1980
    • 1 Edición
    • N. Birau + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Advances in the Biosciences, Volume 29: Melatonin – Current Status and Perspectives is a compilation of papers by different authors presented in the Proceedings of an International Symposium on Melatonin, held in Bremen, Federal Republic of Germany on September 28-30, 1980. This volume is divided into six parts, wherein the first part covers the testing methods of melatonin; the use of the status of assay methods of melatonin; and related studies. Part 2 tracks the developments in melatonin histophysiology, with attempts to clarify cytological aspects of the indoleamine secretory process in the pineal gland; melatonin production by extra-pineal tissues; and other relationships with the pineal gland. Part 3 focuses on advances in melatonin physiology from hypothetical evolutionary function; the biochemistry and pharmacology of melatonin; to melatonin and pigment cell rhythmicity. Part 4 shows the progress made in molecular endocrinology, while Part 5 presents the results of human melatonin research and covers melatonin serum in humans. The last part is comprised of additional papers that are not classified in the former categories: studies of the effects of light on human plasma melatonin; the role of the environmental factors; and the histology melatonin localized in the salivary glands of the rat palate. This compilation of papers is intended for biochemists, neuroscientists, and researchers in the fields of endocrinology, human genetics, and pharmaceutical chemistry.

  • Bureaucratic Failure and Public Expenditure

    • 1 Edición
    • William Spangar Peirce
    • Peter H. Rossi
    • Inglés
    Bureaucratic Failure and Public Expenditure was written to address the question: Once a law is passed, under what conditions will the bureaucracy fail to give the political leaders exactly what they ordered? The book deals explicitly with the federal government of the United States. Certain aspects of the theory could be applied to other large organizations or to other governments and times, but these are separate task. The book is organized into three parts. Part I is based on a literature survey that roams widely through economics, political science, sociology, public administration, and various related bodies of knowledge. Although much of this was unfamiliar terrain for an economist, the route was defined by the objective of identifying the conditions predisposing to failure. Part II contains 11 brief case studies that are based on reports by the United States General Accounting Office. Relying on this source permitted coverage of a broad selection of the nonmilitary activities of the government. Part III reexamines the hypotheses developed from the literature in the light of the cases and other studies of implementation. The final chapter consists of the author’s reflections on the implications of bureaucratic failure.

  • Ethics for Science Policy

    Proceedings of a Nobel Symposium Held at Södergarn, Sweden, 20–25 August 1978
    • 1 Edición
    • Torgny Segerstedt
    • Inglés
    Ethics for Science Policy documents the proceedings of a Nobel Symposium held at Södergarn, Sweden on August 20-25, 1978, which focuses on the freedom of unrestricted research or investigations. This book discusses the rationality and personal element in science policy; ethical responsibility of social scientists; priorities and control in the organization of research; ethical principles of scientific institutions; and ethical dilemmas in weapon development. The topics on science, progress, and destruction; information and communication in the developing world; and limits in the regulation of scientific research are also deliberated in this compilation. This publication is valuable to students or researchers intending to acquire knowledge on the extent or restrictions in conducting scientific investigations.

  • Transformations

    Change from Learning to Growth
    • 1 Edición
    • W. R. Bion
    • Inglés
    Transformations: Change from Learning to Growth is a 12-chapter text that explores the fundamentals and principles of psycho-analytic theories, transformations, and invariants. This book begins with a clinical illustration of the distinction between the patient’s experience and the psycho-analyst’s experience. The succeeding chapters cover the influence of verbal expression, emotional experience, state of mind, and consciousness in psycho-analysis and transformation. These topics are followed by discussion on the relationship of the “no-thing” and the thing, wherein the personality that is capable of tolerating a no-thing can make use of the no-thing, and so is able to make use of the so-called thoughts. The remaining chapters describe a clinical system that would represent the chief clinical systems that can be seen to exist in the analytic situation. These chapters also examine the gap between reality and the personality, which are aspects of life with which analysts are familiar under the guise of resistance. Resistance operates because it is feared that the reality of the object is imminent. This book will be of value to psycho-analysts, psychologists, and psychiatrists.

  • Rational Techniques in Policy Analysis

    Policy Studies Institute
    • 1 Edición
    • Michael Carley
    • Inglés
    Rational Techniques in Policy Analysis covers the role of rational techniques in policy making process. This book is organized into two parts encompassing 12 chapters that consider the relationship of policy making and other approaches to rational analysis. Part I deals with the "disintegration" of rational policy analysis to find out what the pieces are, how they work, how the parts interact and how they relate to the wider policy making environment. Part II considers the types of rational analysis in more detail, and serves not only as a survey of rational techniques but as an introduction to the important literature in each field. This part specifically looks into the cost-utility techniques, social forecasting, and evaluation and social indicator research. This book is intended primarily for analysts, researchers, and students of the policy making process in university and government.

  • Perspectives on Aggression

    • 1 Edición
    • Russell G. Geen + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Perspectives on Aggression is a compendium of papers that discusses experimental research on human and group aggression. This compendium deals with the psychology of aggression including interracial aggression, environmental factors that contribute to aggression, and the role of mass media in "perpetuating" violence. A couple of papers review aggression in terms of variable aggression research and of the Darwinian Theory. One author notes that results of psychological studies of animals can suggest further hypotheses for human research. Another paper examines moral judgment in aggressive behavior such as shown in society's different attitudes toward an aggressive act. Another paper studies the effects of personality variables on aggressive behaviors, which indicate that some aggressive responses can be dependent on the control exerted toward such personality variables. Another paper reviews the works of Buss and Berkowitz, particularly the nature of arousal in aggression both from a physiological and a cognitive point of view. This book can be appreciated by psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, and officials related to issues of peace and security.

  • Aid to Africa

    An Appraisal of U.K. Policy for Aid to Africa South of the Sahara
    • 1 Edición
    • I. M. D. Little
    • Inglés
    Aid to Africa is concerned with aid to Africa south of the Sahara, excluding the Republic of South Africa, an area containing 188 million persons, only about 13 per cent of the inhabitants of all underdeveloped areas. Particular attention is given to British aid policy, and hence with the fifteen UK and ex-UK territories, which receive almost all British aid to Africa south of the Sahara. They also account for half of the world total of UK aid. The first three chapters deal with certain problems of African economies which need to be appreciated as a background to aid policy. These include population growth and the problem of absorptive capacity. The next four chapters focus on aid and aid policy, covering the use of aid and its supervision, donors' policies, UK aid policy, and technical assistance. The final chapter draws some conclusions. Among these is that the emphasis of aid to Africa needs to shift to agriculture and rural development. Partly for this reason, the UK should enter more closely into the design of projects and the operation of programs.

  • Fatigue Testing and Analysis of Results

    • 1 Edición
    • W. Weibull
    • Inglés
    Fatigue Testing and Analysis of Results discusses fundamental concepts of fatigue testing and results analysis. The book begins with a description of the symbols and nomenclature selected for the present book, mainly those proposed by the ASTM Committee E-9 on Fatigue. Fatigue testing methods are then discussed including routine tests, short-life and long-life tests, cumulative-damage tests, and abbreviated and accelerated tests. Separate chapters cover fatigue testing machines and equipment; instruments and measuring devices; and test pieces used in fatigue testing. The factors affecting test results are considered, including material, types of stressing, test machine, environment, and testing technique. The final two chapters cover the planning of test programs and the presentation of results. Test program planning involves the statistical design of a test series; specification and sampling of test pieces; and choice of test pieces, testing machines, and test conditions. The chief purpose of most fatigue tests is the experimental determination of the relation between the endurance and the magnitude of the applied stress range for the material and the specimen under consideration, and final results can be condensed into a table, graph, or analytical expression.

  • Transitions of Aging

    • 1 Edición
    • Nancy Datan + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Transitions of Aging is a compilation of papers that deals with gerontology, particularly on the rural aged and aging women. This book discusses the aging transition both as social and biological phenomenon; that physical health can be better, as well as the social, spatial, and economic environment surrounding places of aging. This text also focuses on rural aging and the strong bond of an extended family, which can offer lessons to healthy aging. As regards aging in women, the book examines the problems they are confronted with and the programs that have been developed to deal with them. Part I addresses the personal transition of aging such as life satisfaction, physical activity, and competency in older women. Part II discusses family transitions of aging that include intergenerational relationships, widowhood, the clinical psychology of later life, and the economic status of late middle-aged widows. Part III describes the environmental transitions that the aging experiences such as aging and attachment to a certain place (for example, in an Appalachian community) and the older person's reaction as an initiator or a responder when he or she is confronted with environmental changes. This book also discusses studies made on institutionalization of the aged. This text is suitable for psychologists, gerontologists, sociologists, and social workers dealing with the aged, particularly the female senior.

  • Social Insect Populations

    • 1 Edición
    • M. V. Brian
    • Inglés
    Social Insect Populations focuses on observations on the populations of social insects, including egg production, nesting characteristics, and food collection. The book first underscores the evolution of social life and organization and control of social insect populations. The text also ponders on the numbers and density of social insect populations, as well as methods of estimation, numbers in colonies, and density and biomass. Egg production, stationary populations, nest size, productivity, and survival are discussed. The manuscript discusses reproduction and brood periodicity of social insect populations. Discussions focus on reproduction by single and group of queens and reciprocity among bees, wasps, and ants. The text also examines nest sites and shelters, mating structures, and food collection of social insects. Discussions focus on food supply, intergeneric competition, predators and parasites, and population regulation among bees, wasps, termites, and ants. The book is a dependable reference for readers interested in the study of social insect populations.

  • Prolonged Psychosocial Effects of Disaster

    A Study of Buffalo Creek
    • 1 Edición
    • Goldine C. Gleser + 2 más
    • David T. Lykken
    • Inglés
    Prolonged Psychosocial Effects of Disaster: A Study of Buffalo Creek disseminates the findings of an investigation into the psychosocial effects of a specific disaster - the collapse of a slag dam that inundated the valley of Buffalo Creek in West Virginia on February 26, 1972. Based on interviews with more than 600 men, women, and children for whom psychic impairment was claimed, this volume examines the relationships between the individual disaster experiences of the survivors and their later psychological functioning. Comprised of nine chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the psychosocial consequences of disasters and an account of the Buffalo Creek disaster itself, along with the subsequent lawsuit against the coal company. The next chapter explains how the psychopathology and stress of the survivors were scaled and gives some information regarding the reliability and validity of the data. Symptoms, sleep problems, family disruption, and traumatic dreams are considered. The findings on these data and the follow-up studies are discussed. The final chapter contains a summary of the findings and proposes specific suggestions as well as a model for future disaster studies. This book will be of most practical importance to mental health scientists and clinicians working with the victims of stress and disaster, and should also be of considerable interest to social and behavioral scientists and, more generally, to administrators of government activities.

  • Artificial Human Insemination

    Report of a Conference Held in London under the Auspices of the Public Morality Council
    • 1 Edición
    • Sam Stuart
    • Inglés
    Artificial Human Insemination: Report of a Conference held under the Auspices of the Public Morality Council reviews the medical, sociological, psychological, and theological aspects of artificial insemination. This book is divided into 11 chapters that discuss various statements made by some representative of certain sector of the society. It addresses legal issues of using artificial insemination in humans and demonstrates the mode that was taken to clarify these issues. Some of the topics covered in the book are the procedure and policy in relation to human artificial insemination; definition of human artificial insemination; analysis of the procedure of using the method; progress in the development of a fetus; analysis of the effectiveness of the method; and possible insemination of a sperm from a third party. Other chapters describe the situations wherein the method of human artificial insemination is used. The discussion then shifts to the history and developments in applying the method, as well as an analysis of a doctor’s opinion on the result of using the method for impotent husband. The remaining chapters deal with the advantages and disadvantages of using the method. The book can provide useful information to the doctors, theologians, sociologists, students, and researchers.

  • Private Enterprise in Developing Countries

    • 1 Edición
    • W. M. Clarke
    • R Brown + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Private Enterprise in Developing Countries is a five-chapter text that describes the contribution of private investment in the less-developed countries. The opening chapter tracks down the flow of help to less development countries and the struggles in encouraging private enterprise to invest in the poorer countries. The next chapter scrutinizes the significant changes in private investments in less-developed countries, followed by a discussion on the distinction between the prime purpose of private enterprise and the result of their activities, focusing on the concept of the so-called development “fall-out”. These topics are followed by surveys of the basis of fear of private investors in investing business in underdeveloped countries through examining the experience of Malaysia and the sterling parts of Africa. The final chapter considers some business issues, including the development of a system to safeguard the handling of information for the study of overseas investment climate and the role being played by indigenous development corporations.

  • Trees in the City

    Habitat: a Series of Texts on All Aspects of Human Settlements
    • 1 Edición
    • Ira Bruce Nadel + 2 más
    • Ira B. Nadel + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Trees in the City provides an introduction to the process of humanizing the cityscape and guide to planting trees in city conditions. This book focuses on four basic concepts. First, trees play an essential role in human's urban life. Second, people must become aware of the environmental, esthetic, social, and political importance of trees. Third, trees need to be integrated with the pattern and function of urban activity. Finally, the design, placement, and maintenance of trees on city streets are the responsibility of everyone in the community. The topics discussed include a short history of trees in the city; environmental and esthetic relation of trees, human, and the city; tree choices and features; and designing a city street—models, problems, and matrixes. This publication is beneficial to landscape architects and individuals interested in tree planting in urban areas.

  • Praxiology

    An Introduction to the Sciences of Efficient Action
    • 1 Edición
    • Tadeusz Kotarbinski
    • Inglés
    Praxiology: An introduction to the Sciences of Efficient Action deals with the general theory of achieving efficient actions. The concept of a praxiology and the technique of a praxiologist toward finding the most efficient way of achieving things are the concerns in this book. Praxiology is discussed as being the codification for practical behavior. The notions of praxiology is clarified and the tasks of registering and ordering what are already known and existing concepts of efficient work are gathered and presented. This book also shows the concepts of the simple act of the agent, the free impulse, material, tool, and product involved in any kind of external work that is undertaken. An analysis following instruments as the source of power in themselves is considered, because these instruments can exert pressure on the external work being done. This text then discusses action as a compound act or a collective act. Then, the author expounds that among other possibilities, there is only a fine possibility that an action can be done. Taken into consideration are the praxiological values, the economization, preparation, and instrumentalization of actions. The principles of co-operation are discussed, compared to struggling or negative cooperation, as leading to improved accomplishment and efficiency of work. The author adds that praxiology can be applied mentally as well, but he considers this as a special case. Psychologists, psychiatrists, work process engineers, and behavioral scientists will find this book illuminating and educational.

  • Investment Efficiency in a Socialist Economy

    • 1 Edición
    • Henryk Fiszel
    • Inglés
    Investment Efficiency in a Socialist Economy compiles results of research on the dynamics of socialist economies. This book furnishes a method of accounting investment efficiency that allows many factors in influencing optimal results, endeavoring to provide an answer to the question how investment means, and presenting the extent to which investment policies could become regulators of the balance of trade and payments within an economic alignment of socialist countries. The topics discussed include the problem of efficiency of investments; optimum programming of investments; adjustment of the general method to selected problems; efficiency of investments and international trade; and optimum production in a socialist economy. This book is intended to economists, but is also valuable to students aiming to gain knowledge on socialist economics.

  • Science and Technology in British Politics

    • 1 Edición
    • Norman J. Vig
    • Inglés
    Science and Technology in British Politics covers the issues in science policy, which arose during 1959-1964 over British government policy and administration for supporting the advancement of science and technology. The book discusses relevant aspects of the political climate that contributed to the “politicization” of science, as well as on internal pressures for reform. The text also describes the contrasting approaches of the Conservative and Labor Parties and the role of Parliament and interest groups in science policymaking. The book concludes by tackling the political discussion of science policy. The text will be useful to students of politics.

  • Guide to Contemporary Politics

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Liberal Studies Division
    • 1 Edición
    • N. C. Dexter + 1 más
    • D. F. Bratchell + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Guide to Contemporary Politics describes basic political ideas and some of the issues dividing the major parties in British politics. The book starts with basic descriptions of political theory, covering the foundations of democracy, the choice of government, and the machinery of political power found in the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. The book then cites example of clichés and common misconception about politics between a communist and a socialist. This is followed by discussions and interviews on the politics, differences, qualities, and some perceptions on the Communist Party, the Conservative Party, the Labor Party, and the Liberal Party. The book then discusses any points of controversy or misunderstanding in an objective manner. The text gives an assessment of observations and notes of the different parties. The appendices also discuss the state of economy from 1945 to 1966, and how the newspapers saw the changing politics of the times. The book also discusses the use of opinion polls in political elections. Politicians, political candidates, campaign managers, and sociologists and historians will find this book informative and useful.

  • Readings in Social Evolution and Development

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Readings in Sociology
    • 1 Edición
    • S. N. Eisenstadt
    • Inglés
    Readings in Social Evolution and Development presents a collection of articles on a specialized aspect of sociology, or social psychology. The book starts by describing social change and development and the role of institutionalization... individual behavior, and role performance on such change and development. The text also discusses the basic problems of evolutionary perspective in sociology and studies of development and modernization. The theories of social change, the problem of evolution, and the major trends of change in the contemporary setting, such as changes in the industrial societies and alternative courses of political development in the new states are also encompassed. Sociologists and social psychologists and students taking sociology courses will find the book useful.

  • Can Governments Learn?

    American Foreign Policy and Central American Revolutions
    • 1 Edición
    • Lloyd S. Etheredģe
    • Richard Brody + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Can Governments Learn? American Foreign Policy and Central American Revolutions examines U.S. foreign policy toward revolutions which use Marxist rhetoric, receive material aid from the Soviet Union, and are directed against a repressive government that has been the beneficiary of substantial material and political assistance from the United States. The case material is drawn from the history of American policy in Latin America; the 1954 overthrow of a leftist government in Guatemala; the evolution of Cuban policy from 1958 to 1962; and the repetition of similar policies in the 1980s. This book is comprised of seven chapters and begins by reviewing the history of America's failed Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961, Operation MONGOOSE, and the Cuban nuclear confrontation crisis of 1962. The successful use of the Bay of Pigs model in 1954 (against a government in Guatemala) is examined, along with the U.S. government's contract with the Mafia to assassinate Premier Fidel Castro at the time of the Bay of Pigs invasion. The following chapters look at three vectors reflecting the blockage of government learning: the adoption of similar policies across historical encounters; the repetition of collectively self-blocking behavior within the national security decision process; and the repetition of a common syndrome of errors in judgment and perception. The final chapter analyzes American foreign policy toward Central America in the 1980s and offers suggestions to improve the foreign policy learning rate. This monograph will be of interest to diplomats, politicians, political scientists, and others concerned with international relations.

  • Model Answers in the Structure of Commerce

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Commonwealth Library of Model Answers
    • 1 Edición
    • T. W. Cox + 1 más
    • C. W. Schofield
    • Inglés
    Model Answers in the Structure of Commerce aims to do the following: (a) to be a guide to students as to how to tackle questions in this particular subject; (b) to give some indication as to the length of answers and content an examiner would expect; and (c) to help students to appreciate the scope of the syllabus and also the type of questions likely to be set in examinations. The book begins with a discussion of how to answer examination questions on the Structure of Commerce. Subsequent chapters present questions relating to industry and commerce, types of business organizations, distribution methods, import and export procedure, foreign trade, the capital market, the banking system and methods of payments, transport, location of industry, insurance, consumer protection. Also provided are a selection of questions requiring brief treatment on a variety of subjects and questions relating to trade calculations. This book does not attempt to replace good textbooks on the subject of Commerce although much benefit will be derived from studying carefully the answers to the questions.

  • Getting Ahead Collectively

    Grassroots Experiences in Latin America
    • 1 Edición
    • Albert O. Hirschman
    • Inglés
    Getting Ahead Collectively: Grassroots Experiences in Latin America is a seven-chapter book that first discusses certain types of developmental sequences in Latin America. The emergence of cooperative action and the intangible benefits and costs of cooperatives are then explained. The book also explores the ""intermediate"" organizations that have grown all over Latin America to help low-income people better their condition. The last chapter details the social and political effects of a dense network of grassroots development efforts.

  • A Forgotten Sector

    The Training of Ancillary Staff in Hospitals
    • 1 Edición
    • Duncan N. Smith
    • Inglés

  • Reading in Race and Ethnic Relations

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Reading in Sociology
    • 1 Edición
    • Anthony H. Richmond
    • Inglés
    Readings in Race and Ethnic Relations is a part of a series of Readings in Sociology. This book is composed of four parts with a total of 17 chapters. Part 1 explains the concepts of race, racism, and identity. Parts 2 and 3 elucidate the relationship of race with religion, urbanization, and ethnic stratification. Lastly, Part 4 explores how race is associated with politics and conflict. One of the distinctive features of this book is the inclusion of some articles translated into English from other languages. Linguists, communicators, and other people interested in this field of study will find this book invaluable.

  • Rural Community Studies in Europe

    Trends, Selected and Annotated Bibliographies, Analyses
    • 1 Edición
    • Jean-Louis Durand-Drouhin + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Rural Community Studies in Europe presents a study of village societies of the different regions of Europe and their importance to the economic and social life of nations. The book seeks to describe and analyze the local economic and social systems, traditions, power structures, and other aspects of European rural communities, specifically in the countries of Great Britain, Ireland, Poland, Turkey, Romania, France, and Spain. The book is divided into four parts: a historical review of the main trends and developments of rural community studies; an annotated bibliography; analytical summaries; and a location map. Sociologists, economists, ethnologists, political scientists, and students in allied fields will find the book a good reference material.

  • The Socio-Economic Impact of Microelectronics

    This Book Is Based on an International Conference Held in Zandvoort, The Netherlands, Which Was Supported by The Netherlands Ministry of Science Policy
    • 1 Edición
    • J. Berting + 2 más
    • Inglés
    The Socio-Economic Impact of Microelectronics contains papers presented at an international conference on socio-economic problems and potentialities of the application of micro-electronics held in Zandvoort, the Netherlands, in September 1979. Organized into eight sections, this book begins with the technological evaluation of microelectronics. Subsequent sections focus on the social economic and political consequences of the widespread use of microelectronics; opportunities and problems for socialist countries brought about by microelectronics technology; effects of microelectronics on developing countries; as well as problems connected with industrial relations and organization of work. The influence of the technology on political/economic, epistemological, ethical/moral, and esthetic values and a broad concept of informatics introducing the notions of living and non-living environments as well as of human, non-human, constructed, natural, and abstract systems are explained. The last section contains the conclusions of the chairman of the conference on the application of microelectronics.

  • Measuring Underemployment

    Demographic Indicators for the United States
    • 1 Edición
    • Clifford C. Clogg
    • H. H. Winsborough
    • Inglés
    Measuring Underemployment: Demographic Indicators for the United States discusses the Labor Utilization Framework of Hauser and Sullivan, which is a measurement scheme that posits the existence of three dimensions, or forms, of underemployment— time, income, and skill-utilization. This book describes the conceptual groundwork, operational measurement, and implications of the Labor Utilization Framework on the way the labor force aggregates. The essential elements of the socio-demographic theory of the labor force with the logical unity provided by both the Labor Utilization Framework and the specific methodologies adopted for its analysis are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the methods for latent structure analysis and cohort analysis, including the theory of frictional underemployment; “class structure” governing the distribution of labor market rewards; tempo of social change in the labor force; “productive value” of a population; and “true” dependency on productive labor. This publication is a good source for students and researchers concerned with different labor force topics that can be plausibly studied from the viewpoint of the Hauser-Sullivan framework.

  • Congress, the Presidency and American Foreign Policy

    Pergamon Policy Studies on International Politics
    • 1 Edición
    • John Spanier + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Congress, the Presidency and American Foreign Policy provides a critical look at the resulting executive-legislativ... relations in the conduct of American foreign policy. This book explores the capacity of American political institutions to conduct a foreign policy that will meet the nation's many needs. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an explanation of the Jackson-Vanik amendment; the congressional participation in US-Middle East Policy; and the implication of the domestic politics of SALT II for the foreign policy process. Subsequent chapters explore the negotiations and ratification of the Panama Canal treaties; the Turkish Embargo problem; economic sanctions against Rhodesia; and the energy policy. Lastly, the dilemmas of policy-making in a democracy are addressed.

  • U.S.—Japanese Economic Relations

    Cooperation, Competition, and Confrontation
    • 1 Edición
    • Diane Tasca
    • Inglés
    U.S.—Japanese Economic Relations: Cooperation, Competition, and Confrontation provides a comprehensive review of the patterns of U.S.-Japanese interaction. This book describes the tension in the economic sphere that frayed the whole system of connections between U.S. and Japan, including various factors that contribute to these tensions. The ways on how to to reverse the process of estrangement that can lead both nations out of the atmosphere of confrontation and back into one of healthy competition and cooperation is also elaborated. This text also discusses Japan and the United States’ possible developments of policies in pursuit of a rapprochement. This publication is a good reference for students and individuals researching on the sources of confrontation, competition, and cooperation in U.S.-Japanese relations.

  • Heat Loss from Animals and Man

    Assessment and Control
    • 1 Edición
    • J. L. Monteith + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Heat Loss from Animals and Man: Assessment and Control represents the Proceedings of the Twentieth Easter School in Agricultural Science, held at the University Of Nottingham in 1973. The book explores the theme of heat loss, beginning with statements about physical principles and progressing through a review of physiological and behavioral knowledge to a final session on a few of the economic implications of attempting to control human and animal environments. A final chapter focusing on the topic of thermal neutrality, where all participants were asked to comment on is added to the Proceedings in an attempt to reach a common view on this controversial matter. Physicists, physiologists, and agriculturists will find the text interesting.

  • US Federal Official Publications

    The International Dimension
    • 1 Edición
    • James A. Downey
    • John E. Pemberton
    • Inglés
    US Federal Official Publications: The International Dimension is a bibliographic account of U.S. publications. The title aims to present ways for foreigners to procure federal publications that is relevant to them. The text first covers with the acquisition of materials from Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications. Next, the selection presents items not listed in the Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications, particularly government contract reports. The book will be of great use to economists, political scientists, and individuals who have an interest in U.S. government publications.

  • A Social Geography of England and Wales

    Pergamon Oxford Geographies
    • 1 Edición
    • Richard Dennis + 1 más
    • W. B. Fisher
    • Inglés
    A Social Geography of England and Wales considers the theoretical concepts of the social geography of England and Wales. This book is composed of 11 chapters that discuss the theories of industrialization and urbanization. The opening chapters deal with the origins and settlement of English people, as well as the workings of feudal society with its hierarchy of groups of different legal status, ranging from the king through the base of the system. The succeeding chapters examine the vital formative phase in British social history. Other chapters explore the strengths and weaknesses of several ecological and economic models of urban structure that are transported from North America to Great Britain. A chapter looks into the variations in housing type and quality form intriguing reflections of fundamental differences in British Society based on a theory of housing classes. This text also surveys residents of the inner areas of many British cities now experience substantial social problems, which are compounded in areas of multiple deprivation. The final chapters cover the dispersion of urbanism into the countryside where it has provoked fundamental social and spatial changes related to commuting, retirement migration and tourism. This book is of value to historians, sociologists, researchers, and undergraduate students.

  • Urban Alternatives

    Proceedings of the USERC Environment, Resources and Urban Development Workshop
    • 1 Edición
    • Edward A. Wolff
    • Inglés
    Urban Alternatives contains the proceedings of the USERC Environmental Resources and Urban Development Workshop held at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland in November 1975. The workshop aims to obtain information on the technical implications of various possible urban development decisions. This book details the descriptions of the workshop and the process used to arrive at the recommendations. The workshops are organized into topics of urban development, energy, communications, meteorology, water resources, public health, in-situ sensing, remote sensing, socio-economic problems, and science technology and government.

  • Habitat: Human Settlements in an Urban Age

    • 1 Edición
    • Angus M. Gunn
    • Inglés
    Habitat: Human Settlements in an Urban Age discusses the man-made environment and its physical setting, focusing on the urban slums of the world and rural hinterlands that caused the slums. Each chapter of this book deals with a specific issue, and the study of each issue is concluded with three questions—one answerable from the text, a second raising value questions for discussion, and a third extending the study beyond the documentation available in this text. Numerous maps, statistical charts, photographs, and end table of facts and figures are also provided to further assist in the investigation process. Topics elaborated in this text include the rural-urban system; urban frontier; rural stagnation; population; poor and rich; hazards of the environment; energy crisis; shelter for the urban millions; and planning for tomorrow. This publication is intended for secondary and tertiary students, but is also a good reference for individuals researching on the issues of habitat or human settlement.

  • The More Developed Realm

    A Geography of Its Population
    • 1 Edición
    • Glenn T. Trewartha
    • Inglés
    The More Developed Realm: A Geography of its Population is concerned with the population geography of the more developed economically advanced countries in the world. This book is organized into five parts encompassing 10 chapters that cover Europe, the Soviet Union, Anglo-America, Japan, and southern hemisphere countries. After a brief overview of the classification of large scale diversity in the more developed realm, this book goes on describing the relationship between population, culture, and environment. The first part deals with the extent of influence of the three components of population change, namely, mortality, birth, and migration, in the demographic change or population patterns in East-Central and Mediterranean Europe. The second part examines the population growth and spatial redistribution over the vast domain of the USSR, as well as its population characteristics, including nationalities, education, occupation, and rural-urban composition. The remaining three parts explore the development of the spatial arrangement of population, areal population distribution, and population and migration patterns in Anglo-American countries, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand. This book is intended for a wide non-professional audience, including college undergraduates and the general reading public.

  • Precision, Language and Logic

    • 1 Edición
    • F. H. George
    • Inglés
    Precision, Language and Logic is a three-part book that first presents ideas in basic logic and clear thinking. Part II is concerned with the application of logic and other methods of precision to everyday discourse and also to the sciences and other disciplines such as law and economics. The last part of the book discusses a formalization of the sciences. This book will be useful as a text to guide people in the main ingredients of clear thinking and logical discussion.

  • Technology and Science in the People's Republic of China

    An Introduction
    • 1 Edición
    • Jon Sigurdson
    • Inglés
    Technology and Science in the People's Republic of China: An Introduction tackles several areas of concerns in the technological development of China. The title covers China’s research structure, scientific resources, and technological priorities. The text first reviews contemporary China, and then proceeds to discussing Chinese history. Next, the selection talks about China’s objective and policies. The text also covers the Chinese research organizations, along with education and training. Chapter 7 tackles the basic and applied science in China, while Chapter 8 details mass science. The next chapter talks about China’s policy on environmental protection. The tenth chapter covers electronics, and the last chapter tackles the future of Chinese technology. The book will be of great use to readers who have an interest in Chinese technological progress.

  • Development Begins at Home

    Problems and Prospects of the Sociology of Development
    • 1 Edición
    • C. A. O. Van Nieuwenhuijze
    • Inglés
    Development Begins at Home: Problems and Prospects of the Sociology of Development examines the challenges posed by development to the field of sociology. The book first reviews colonialism and the emergent One World in terms of the history of ideas; discusses attitudes towards development; and examines the definitions of development. These are followed by separate chapters on the contributions of sociology to development studies. The considerable wealth of sociology in dealing with change and, to a lesser extent, with development is identified. Subsequent chapters examine points of departure for current and prospective work in the sociology of development. One is the profile of underdevelopment, sociologically understood, along with the matching configuration of development goals. Another is the true meaning of social development, as opposed to economic development. The main finding is that development may well cause the general outlook of sociology to change. The prospect is for a sociology of human dignity in the social nexus.

  • Government in France

    An Introduction to the Executive Power
    • 1 Edición
    • Malcolm C. Anderson
    • Nevil Johnson
    • Inglés
    Governments of Western Europe, Government in France: An Introduction to the Executive Power focuses on the affairs of the government of France. The book first offers information on the history of the French government, including the presidency of the Vth republic. The text also expounds on the role and influence of the prime minister in overseeing the affairs of the government. The selection takes a look at the problems associated with the rational division of administrative tasks and duties in the government. The creation of ministries to ensure efficiency in the affairs of the government is underscored. The text also discusses the role of the ministerial cabinet in bridging the executive branch of the government and the administration. Particularly noted is the influence of the ministerial cabinet on how the prime minister can exercise effective control over the administration. The book also offers information on the major social changes that affected the structure and activities of the French administration after World War II. The text is a vital reference for readers interested in the governments of Western Europe, particularly the government of France.

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