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Elsevier

Libros en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades

  • Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on MACHINE LEARNING

    June 22–25, 1987 University of California, Irvine
    • 1 Edición
    • Pat Langley
    • Inglés
    Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Machine Learning provides careful theoretical analyses that make clear contact with traditional problems in machine learning. This book discusses the key role of learning in cognition. Organized into 39 chapters, this book begins with an overview of pattern recognition systems of necessity that incorporate an approximate-matching process to determine the degree of similarity between an unknown input and all stored references. This text then describes the rationale in the Protos system for relegating inductive learning and deductive problem solving to minor roles in support of retaining, indexing and matching exemplars. Other chapters consider the power as well as the appropriateness of exemplar-based representations and their associated acquisition methods. This book discusses as well the extensions to the way a case is classified by a decision tree that address shortcomings. The final chapter deals with the advances in machine learning research. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists, scientists, theorists, and research workers.

  • The Intelligent Parents' Manual

    A Practical Guide to the Problems of Childhood and Adolescence
    • 2 Edición
    • Florence Powdermaker + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The Intelligent Parents' Manual: A Practical Guide to the Problems of Childhood and Adolescence provides an introduction to problems that may arise in the development of the child from birth to adolescence. This book discusses the problem in the relation between parents and children. Organized into five parts encompassing eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the general pattern of a child's growth. This text then examines how parents can protect the baby from the two instinctive fears of the sensation of falling and the sound of loud noises. Other chapters consider the mother's task in a child's life, namely, provide opportunity and freedom, protect the child from physical injury, and keep the child from doing too much damage to property. This book discusses as well the development during adolescence. The final chapter deals with the parent's realistic conception of the limitations of their children and themselves. This book is a valuable resource for parents, psychologists, and psychiatrists.

  • Artisan or Artist?

    A History of the Teaching of Art and Crafts in English Schools
    • 1 Edición
    • Gordon Sutton
    • Inglés
    Artisan or Artist?: A History of the Teaching of Art and Crafts in English Schools provides information pertinent to the origin of the teaching of art and crafts in English schools. This book discusses the fundamental aspects of art education in the schools. Organized into 16 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the close link between drawing and writing. This text then discusses the character of English education in the 19th century. Other chapters consider the definite views of art and craft education and discuss the regulations for training of teachers for elementary schools. This book discusses as well the progress of art as a subject for the school certificate. The final chapter deals with the methods and findings of psychology that have benefited art education. This book is a valuable resource for art historians, artists, art teachers, art students, and research workers.

  • Illegal Transactions in International Trade

    Theory and Measurement
    • 1 Edición
    • Jagdish N. Bhagwati
    • Inglés
    Studies in International Economics, Volume 1: Illegal Transactions in International Trade: Theory and Measurement embraces the theoretical, empirical, and econometric aspects of international economic analysis. The selection first elaborates on a theoretical analysis of smuggling, an alternative proof of the Bhagwati-Hansen results on smuggling and welfare, and smuggling and trade policy. Discussions focus on optimal tariff and revenue questions, legal trade eliminated by smuggling, legal trade co-existing with smuggling, overinvoicing and underinvoicing of transactions, and smuggling and welfare. The text then examines overinvoicing, underutilization, and distorted industrial growth, fiscal policies, faking of foreign trade declarations, and the balance of payments, and accuracy of economic observations. Topics include statistics of foreign commodity trade, trade tariffs and subsidies, effect on capital complexity, industrial employment and output growth, implications for industrial development, effective exchange rate for capital imports, and foreign-exchange profits of overinvoicing. The manuscript ponders on tariffs and smuggling in Indonesia and the problems of assessing unrecorded trade, including complications in comparing partners' trade accounts, measuring recorded values of all products, market impact of smuggling, and methods for detecting smuggling. The selection is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in international trade.

  • Locomotion from Pre- to Post-Natal Life

    How the Newborn Begins to Acquire Psycho-Sensory Functions
    • 1 Edición
    • André Thomas + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No. 24: Locomotion from Pre- to Post-Natal Life: How the Newborn Begins to Acquire Psycho-Sensory Functions describes the examinations conducted to newborn infants. This book consists of five chapters. Chapter I discusses the methods of investigation such as the observations related to walking upwards on an inclined plane or stepping over. A case report of the neurological examination of a 15-minute-old newborn child is also deliberated. The first reactions to visual and auditory stimuli are covered in Chapter II, while the role of the upper limbs in equilibrium is emphasized in Chapter III. In Chapter IV, the “cloth on the face” test is described. The last chapter focuses on sympathetic reactivity, a study that has been limited to general cerebrospinal motility. This publication is valuable to pediatricians and medical practitioners concerned with the reactions of the infant during his first days of life.

  • Mendelian Inheritance in Man

    Catalogs of Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessive, and X-Linked Phenotypes
    • 1 Edición
    • Victor A. McKusick
    • Inglés
    Mendelian Inheritance in Man: Catalogs of Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessives, and X-Linked Phenotypes presents catalogs in connection with the genetics of the X chromosome. This book provides a catalog of dominant phenotypes and covers other entries, including anomalous hemoglobin, red cell antigenic types, leukocyte types, and serum protein types. This book begins with an overview of how to use the catalogs wherein two classes of entries have been made in each of the catalogs. This text then explains that each entry consists of three parts, namely, the preferred designation, a brief description of the phenotype with genetic information, and key references. This book discusses as well that in the case of recessives, manifestations in heterozygotes are usually listed. The reader is also introduced to the definition of dominant and recessive used in the preparation of the catalogs. This book is a valuable resource for experimental geneticists, physicians, and research workers.

  • International Relations and Legal Cooperation in General Diplomacy and Consular Relations

    Published under the Auspices of the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law under the Direction of Rudolf Bernhardt
    • 1 Edición
    • Sam Stuart
    • Inglés
    Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 9: International Relations and Legal Cooperation in General, Diplomacy, and Consular Relations focuses on international relations and legal cooperation in general, including diplomacy and consular relations. The publication first offers information on the international aspects of administrative law, the Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee, Atlantic Charter (1941), Bandung Conference (1955), and the international regulation on broadcasting. The text also examines the international protection of children, coded communications, international conferences and congresses, consular jurisdiction, treaties, and relations, and international criminal law. Discussions focus on bilateral consular agreements, establishment of consular relations, privileges and immunities, legal situation, historical evolution of legal rules, and protection for children in special situations. The manuscript ponders on wildlife protection, international regulation on the use of water, waste disposal, unjust enrichment, transfrontier pollution, tourism, terrorism, and international regulation on telecommunications. Topics include principles governing international telecommunication, space telecommunications, special legal problem on terrorism, touristic relations between states, historical evolution of transfrontier pollution, international consequences of water use, and global, regional, and bilateral treatises on wildlife protection. The publication is a vital source of data for researchers interested in international relations and legal cooperation in general, as well as diplomacy and consular relations.

  • Guide to London's Contemporary Architecture

    • 1 Edición
    • Kenneth Allinson + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Guide to London's Contemporary Architecture provides a guide to the wealth of architecture completed in London. The book first offers information on the buildings located in the City of London and the Docklands. These include the Broadgate Complex, Alban Gate, Bracken House, Whitechapel Art Gallery, Queen Street offices, Girozentrale Vienna, Minster Court, Billingsgate Securities Market, Canary Wharf, Financial Times Printing Works, Isle of Dogs Neighborhood Center, Reuters Technical Services Centre, and the David Mellor building. The publication examines the structures found in the East End, West End, and north London. Discussions focus on Sainsbury Wing, National Gallery, Sackler Gallery, Queen Elizabeth II Conference Center, Richmond House, Clore Gallery, Lauriston Studios, Leyton Fire Station, Lisson/Bell Street galleries, Lisson Grove offices and flats, Sainsbury supermarket and housing, Crowndale Centre, Nightingale house, and the Bisterne Avenue apartments. The text takes a look at the edifices located in west London, including Richmond Riverside, Sterling Hilton Hotel, Thames Wharf Studios, St Mary's Church, Barnes, Metropolis Studios, and the Fowler/Jestico house. The publication is a dependable reference for architects and design engineers interested in the architecture of London.

  • Connectionist Models

    Proceedings of the 1990 Summer School
    • 1 Edición
    • David S. Touretzky + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Connectionist Models contains the proceedings of the 1990 Connectionist Models Summer School held at the University of California at San Diego. The summer school provided a forum for students and faculty to assess the state of the art with regards to connectionist modeling. Topics covered range from theoretical analysis of networks to empirical investigations of learning algorithms; speech and image processing; cognitive psychology; computational neuroscience; and VLSI design. Comprised of 40 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to mean field, Boltzmann, and Hopfield networks, focusing on deterministic Boltzmann learning in networks with asymmetric connectivity; contrastive Hebbian learning in the continuous Hopfield model; and energy minimization and the satisfiability of propositional logic. Mean field networks that learn to discriminate temporally distorted strings are described. The next sections are devoted to reinforcement learning and genetic learning, along with temporal processing and modularity. Cognitive modeling and symbol processing as well as VLSI implementation are also discussed. This monograph will be of interest to both students and academicians concerned with connectionist modeling.

  • Use of Force · War and Neutrality Peace Treaties (A-M)

    • 1 Edición
    • Rudolf Bernhardt
    • Inglés
    Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 3: Use of Force, War, and Neutrality Peace Treaties (A-M) focuses on hostile inter-State relations and associated questions, including the use of force, war, neutrality, and peace treaties. The publication first elaborates on the Munich Agreement, mines, militias, military reconnaissance, objectives, necessity, government, and forces abroad, mercenaries, liberation movements, land warfare, intervention, international military force, indiscriminate attack, and the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928). The text then ponders on humanitarian law and armed conflict, flags and uniform in wars, enemies and enemy subjects, disarming of belligerents by neutrals, demarcation line, deserters, economic warfare, combatants, contributions, and contraband. The book examines collective punishment, measures, security, and self-defense, boundary settlements between Germany and her western neighbor states after World War II, bombardment, armistice, arms control, Asama Maru incident, air warfare, and alliance. The text is a vital source of data for researchers interested in the use of force, war, and neutrality peace treaties.

  • Playfulness

    Its Relationship to Imagination and Creativity
    • 1 Edición
    • J. Nina Lieberman
    • Allen J. Edwards
    • Inglés
    Playfulness: Its Relationship to Imagination and Creativity focuses on a discussion of the play element in play. This book discusses the differentiation between play and exploratory behavior based on familiar versus novel aspects in the factual givens. Organized into seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of the role of play, imagination, and creativity in psychological research. This text then examines the theoretical model that indicates the role of playfulness in affective, cognitive, and social functioning, and particularly relates these links to creativity and imagination. Other chapters consider playfulness as behavior at later stages of development. This book discusses as well some of the variables considered in relation to playfulness, including sex differences, social class, and level of intelligence. This book is intended to be suitable for professionals and advanced students in a number of disciplines. Developmental and educational psychologists as well as educators will also find this book useful.

  • Strategic Networks

    Creating the Borderless Organization
    • 1 Edición
    • J. C. Jarillo
    • Inglés
    Strategic Networks: Creating the Borderless Organization focuses on the principles, methodologies, and approaches involved in the creation of borderless organizations. The book first underscores competition and cooperation and the ways to organize a business system. Discussions focus on organization as a way to meet strategic demands, vertical integration and subcontracting, intrinsic profitability of different activities, disadvantages of vertical integration, and guidelines for decision-making on vertical integration. The monograph then examines over-subcontracting, strategic network, and essence of a strategic network. Topics include generating trust, how to reduce transaction costs, competition and cooperation, subcontracting in the automobile industry, advantages of shops, manufacturing and selling activities, and network organization. The publication explores international considerations, including cost of the activities and costs of coordination in international business, vertical integration and subcontracting across borders, and coordinating efficiently across borders. The book is a valuable source of information for researchers interested in the establishment of borderless organizations.

  • Scientific Uncertainty, and Information

    • 1 Edición
    • Leon Brillouin
    • Inglés
    Scientific Uncertainty and Information focuses on the validation of theories developed in physics, chemistry, biology, and other fields of science. The book first elaborates on thermodynamics, statistics, and information and the importance of scientific laws. Discussions focus on the importance and value of theories, empirical and theoretical laws, scientific laws and negentropy, principles of thermodynamics, entropy and value, negentropy, and energy degradation, and thermodynamics and information theory. The text then ponders on mathematical theorems and physical theories, imagination and invention in a theory, and causality and determinism. The manuscript underscores the weaknesses and limitations of mechanics and Poincare and the shortcomings of the Hamilton-Jacobi method for classical or quantized mechanics. Topics include the discussion of a simple example with two variables; degeneracy conditions and the possibility of finding a Hamilton-Jacobi transformation function; approximations for nondegenerate systems; methods of analytical dynamics for separated variables; and the objective world and the problem of determinism. The publication is a dependable reference for researchers interested in the validation of theories in science.

  • Use of Force · War and Neutrality Peace Treaties (N-Z)

    • 1 Edición
    • Rudolf Bernhardt
    • Inglés
    Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 4: Use of Force, War, and Neutrality Peace Treaties (N-Z) focuses on hostile inter-State relations and associated questions, as well as the use of force, war, neutrality, and peace treaties. The publication first elaborates on warships, wars of national liberation, war materials, laws of war, war correspondent, war and environment, Versailles Peace Treaty (1919), use of force, United Nations peacekeeping system, United Nations forces, and unfriendly act. The text then ponders on trading with the enemy, suspension of hostilities, surrender, submarine warfare, sequestration, self-preservation, self-defense, sea warfare, safety zones, safe-conduct and safe passage, resistance movements, requisitions, and reparations after World War II. The book examines relief actions, recognition of insurgency and belligerency, prisoners of war, threat to peace, peace treaties, means to safeguard peace, pacifism, occupation after armistice, nuclear tests, non-aggression pacts, and neutrality in air warfare, land warfare, and sea warfare. The text is a vital source of information for researchers interested in the use of force, war, and neutrality peace treaties.

  • Protecting Historic Architecture and Museum Collections from Natural Disasters

    • 1 Edición
    • Barclay G. Jones
    • Inglés
    Protecting Historic Architecture and Museum Collections from Natural Disasters serves as a useful guide for professionals engaged in the preservation of cultural heritage, whether structures or artifacts. This book discusses how to prevent losses to the cultural heritage of structures and artifacts through more knowledgeable protection, prevention, and emergency response. Organized into six sections encompassing 26 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the mechanisms for preserving and protecting the heritage. This text then examines the threats of destruction by the natural elements such as decay, air pollution, subsidence, and other forms of attrition. Other chapters consider the social functional and economic values of the buildings and museum objects. This book discusses as well the natural disaster policies within a society. The final chapter deals with the enlistment of the private sector in dealing with catastrophes rising out of fire, earthquake, flood, and other natural disasters. This book is a valuable resource for conservation specialists, archivists, private collectors, dealers, curators, and librarians.

  • Woman

    An Historical Gynæcological and Anthropological Compendium
    • 1 Edición
    • Hermann Heinrich Ploss + 2 más
    • Eric John Dingwall
    • Inglés
    Woman: An Historical Gynælogical and Anthropological Compendium, Volume Two provides information pertinent to relationships of women to the male sex. This book discusses the concepts of modesty, chastity, and respects for women in cultural history. Organized into 39 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the sexual relation of woman to man. This text then explores various topics, including love and the artificial arousing of love, various forms of betrothal, marriage, procreation, impregnation, and conception. Other chapters consider the position of woman in the family and in the nation. This book discusses as well the reciprocal relations between husband and wife, which are of the highest significance for the stage of morality to which each people has attained. The final chapter deals with the different kinds of customs that are associated with or directly attached to parturition. This book is a valuable resource for anthropologists, ethnologists, and research workers.

  • Late Eighteenth Century European Scientists

    Volume 2
    • 1 Edición
    • R. C. Olby
    • Inglés
    Late Eighteenth Century European Scientists is an account of the remarkable progress made by European scientists at the close of the eighteenth century in the fields of chemistry, electricity, astronomy, and botany. Seven scientists are profiled: Jean Lamarck, Joseph Koelreuter, Antoine Lavoisier, Henry Cavendish, Alessandro Volta, James Watt, and William Herschel. In choosing these scientists, the book emphasizes the following considerations: the need to be representative, to show the contrast between those whose work is primarily experimental and those whose work is speculative, and to include a subject which shows the reaction of science on technology and of technology on society. Comprised of seven chapters, this book begins with Lamarck, whose views, particularly on physics and chemistry, furnish a picture of traditional science during the mid-eighteenth century. The first chapter looks at his life, writings, and work in fields ranging from meteorology and geology to botany, zoology, and evolution. The next chapter focuses on Koelreuter and his experiments on pollen, ovule, pollination, fertilization, and hybridization. The discussion then turns to Cavendish, Herschel, and Volta, who have been included in this monograph primarily because they employed observation and experiment so successfully and as a result made important discoveries. Lavoisier has been chosen on account of his genius for looking at well-known facts and fresh discoveries from a new point of view. Watt has been selected in order to show the technological and sociological difficulties that are involved in applying a new source of power to industry and commerce. This book will be of interest to both students and scientists.

  • Regional Cooperation, Organizations and Problems

    • 1 Edición
    • Rudolf Bernhardt
    • Inglés
    Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 6: Regional Cooperation, Organizations, and Problems focuses on regional organizations, cooperation, and problems, including boundary disputes, membership, and functions of organizations. The publication first elaborates on the American-Canadian Boundary Disputes and Cooperation, American-Mexican Boundary Disputes and Cooperation, Andean common market, League of Arab States, and the Association of South-east Asian Nations. Discussions focus on structure and organization, activities, evaluation, membership, functions, and establishment, objectives, and principles. The text then examines the Balkan Pact of 1953/1954, Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union, Benelux Economic Union, and boundary disputes between China and USSR. The manuscript considers the boundary disputes in Latin America and Africa, Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, European Atomic Energy Community, European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations. The publication also takes a look at the Economic Community of West African States, European Atomic Energy Community, and the European Atomic Energy Society. The book is a vital source of information for researchers interested in regional organizations, cooperation, and problems.

  • Computer Simulation in Human Population Studies

    • 1 Edición
    • Bennett Dyke + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Computer Simulation in Human Population Studies contains the proceedings of a conference held at Pennsylvania State University on June 12-14, 1972, under the sponsorship of the Social Science Research Council. The conference provided a forum for discussing the application of computer simulation techniques to human population studies and organized topics around four themes: anthropology and social systems; genetics and adaptive systems; demography; and simulation methodology. Comprised of 23 chapters, this volume begins with an analysis of two tests of computer microsimulation: the effect of an incest taboo on population viability, and the effect of age differences between spouses on the skewing of their consanguineal relationships. The reader is then introduced to computer simulation of incest prohibition and clan proscription rules in closed, finite population; an empirical perspective on simulation models of human population; and models applicable to geographic variation in humans. Subsequent chapters deal with the role of co-adapted sets in the process of adaptation; simulation of human reproduction; and the mathematics of population simulation models. This book will be of interest to anthropologists, geneticists, biologists, computer scientists, mathematicians, and social scientists.

  • Instruments of Communication

    An Essay on Scientific Writing
    • 1 Edición
    • Patrick Meredith
    • Inglés
    Instruments of Communication: An Essay on Scientific Writing provides an introduction to the instruments of logic and language. This book focuses on what people use in their communications, such as the materials and forms by means of which people share their experiences, meanings, intentions, feelings, hopes, and understandings. Organized into five parts encompassing 20 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the different forms of inter-organic communication. This text then examines the particular case of rational communication wherein it results in a shared understanding. Other chapters consider a certain concept of brain-function that underlies the treatment of language. This book discusses as well the concept of communication, which is not simply a process of transmitting messages but a process of sharing experiences. The final chapter deals with the different ways of classifying social behavior and explores the associative basis of communication. This book is a valuable resource for scientists, physicists, physiologists, and psychologists.

  • Stochastic Optimization Models in Finance

    • 1 Edición
    • W. T. Ziemba + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Stochastic Optimization Models in Finance focuses on the applications of stochastic optimization models in finance, with emphasis on results and methods that can and have been utilized in the analysis of real financial problems. The discussions are organized around five themes: mathematical tools; qualitative economic results; static portfolio selection models; dynamic models that are reducible to static models; and dynamic models. This volume consists of five parts and begins with an overview of expected utility theory, followed by an analysis of convexity and the Kuhn-Tucker conditions. The reader is then introduced to dynamic programming; stochastic dominance; and measures of risk aversion. Subsequent chapters deal with separation theorems; existence and diversification of optimal portfolio policies; effects of taxes on risk taking; and two-period consumption models and portfolio revision. The book also describes models of optimal capital accumulation and portfolio selection. This monograph will be of value to mathematicians and economists as well as to those interested in economic theory and mathematical economics.

  • The Inner Game of Selling . . . Yourself

    Mind-Bending Ways to Achieve Results in Business
    • 1 Edición
    • James Borg
    • Inglés
    The Inner Game of Selling...Yourself: Mind-Bending Ways to Achieve Results in Business offers tips on the art of successful selling not only for professional salespeople but also for anyone in business who wants to effectively get their viewpoint or message accepted. It argues that salesmanship requires no special skills but just draws upon a few basic personal qualities by "putting yourself into selling". Comprised of 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of salesmanship as an art, focusing on selling as essentially about appealing to human nature. The reader is then introduced to three important techniques of persuasion that enable anyone to strike a chord in the mind of the other(s) and so an idea is accepted: empathy, sincerity, and perspicacity. The importance of questioning and listening in getting inside the mind of someone, as well as holding the audience's attention, is also emphasized. Subsequent chapters explain the importance of a good memory for a person in business who wants to sell himself/herself; the use of the telephone to communicate with potential clients; types of clients; four stereotypical salespeople; the process of negotiation; and the power of words in selling. The final chapter describes the fortunes of a sales manager, first to show how not to do it and then to demonstrate the art of successful selling. This monograph is intended for those in business who wish to know how to sell themselves and how to be able to read people.

  • Illustrated Guide for Theatre Nurses

    • 1 Edición
    • A. Marjorie Matthias + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Illustrated Guide for Theatre Nurses provides practical instruction on how to perform correctly the many duties of a nurse. It presents the various procedures that are described in a series of photographs. This text begins with a series of photographs showing how the nurse should carry out her duties in the operating room. It then demonstrates the fundamental principles that underlie all modern operating techniques. This book is a valuable resource for nurses, technicians, student nurses, medical students, and clinical instructors.

  • Village Ethnoarchaeology

    Rural Iran in Archaeological Perspective
    • 1 Edición
    • Carol Kramer
    • Inglés
    Village Ethnoarchaeology: Rural Iran in Archaeological Perspective discusses selected tangible features of the subject area, noting the differences in households and associated material culture. The book comments among settlement variability, the complexities in relationships among population density, settlement age, area, and function. The text also deals with material correlates of sociocultural behavior, spatial organization, architectural variability, regional patterns, and archaeological sampling strategies. The book presents a study based on three sets of contemporary data: (1) from an ethnographic fieldwork on Aliabad in summer 1975; (2) the census and cartographic documents published by the Iranian government; and (3) a corpus of published comparative ethnographic data. The book notes that among the households in Aliabad, which is neither economically stratified nor markedly heterogeneous, economic variations exist. The text suggests that that material diversity and systems involving socioeconomic differentiation can have substantial time depth in this part of the world. The book can prove beneficial for archaeologists, anthropologist, sociologists, and researchers interested in ethnographic accounts of Middle Eastern communities.

  • Categories of Human Learning

    • 1 Edición
    • Arthur W. Melton
    • Inglés
    Categories of Human Learning covers the papers presented at the Symposium on the Psychology of Human Learning, held at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor on January 31 and February 1, 1962. The book focuses on the different classifications of human learning. The selection first offers information on classical and operant conditioning and the categories of learning and the problem of definition. Discussions focus on classical and instrumental conditioning and the nature of reinforcement; comparability of the forms of human learning; conditioning experiments with human subjects; and subclasses of classical and instrumental conditioning. The text then takes a look at the representativeness of rote verbal learning and centrality of verbal learning. The publication ponders on probability learning, evaluation of stimulus sampling theory, and short-term memory and incidental learning. Topics include short-term retention, stimulus variation experiments, reinforcement schedules and mean response, systematic interpretations, and methodological approaches. The book then examines the behavioral effects of instruction to learning, verbalizations and concepts, and the generality of research on transfer functions. The selection is highly recommended for psychologists and educators wanting to conduct studies on the categories of human learning.

  • Analyses of Concept Learning

    • 1 Edición
    • Herbert J. Klausmeier + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Analyses of Concept Learning covers the papers presented at a Conference on Analyses of Concept Learning, sponsored by the Research and Development Center for Learning and Re-education of the University of Wisconsin, held in October 1965. The book focuses on efficient learning for children, youth, and adults, including concept learning, problem solving, and progresses in cognitive abilities. The selection first offers information on the formal analysis of concepts, psychological nature of concepts, and analysis of concepts from the point of view of the structure of intellect. The text then examines the relationships between concept learning and verbal learning and meaningfulness and concept. Discussions focus on linguistic analysis of nonsense syllables, linguistic concepts as determiners of meaningfulness, stimulus selection and stimulus bias, response learning and associative learning, and implicit associative responses. The book takes a look at the learning of principles, developmental approach to conceptual growth, and learning in adulthood. Topics include consistency in mental abilities, comparison with long-range trends in stability of mental functions, anxiety derived from conflicts over learning, motivation to maximize similarity to a model, and the scientific meaning of concept. Meaningful reception learning and the acquisition of concepts and a model for the analysis of inquiry are also discussed. The selection is a vital reference for researchers interested in concept learning.

  • The Personality of the Preschool Child

    The Child's Search for His Self
    • 1 Edición
    • Werner Wolff
    • Inglés
    The Personality of the Preschool Child: The Child's Search for His Self presents child behavior and child expression from the point of view of the dynamics of personality during th Organized into three parts encompassing 11 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the speech and thought of children as rhythmically organized in a characteristic way. This text then examines the psychic effect of the fairy tale upon the child, which becomes an adequate means for the child's projections. Other chapters consider children's fantasies that help them to relate otherwise meaningless data to each other, thus facilitating their memorization by establishing relationships. This book discusses as well the confusion of reality and imagination for the child. The final chapter deals with the methods of investigation in child psychology. This book is a valuable resource for child psychologists.

  • Insanity, Art, and Culture

    • 1 Edición
    • Francis Reitman
    • Inglés
    Insanity, Art, and Culture reviews the pictorial products of the mentally ill from a cultural point of view. This book investigates the artistic abilities of the mentally ill. Organized into six chapters, this book begins with an overview of the definition of terms used in the study and the features of the art of the insane within the western hemisphere. This text then explains the hypothesis of cultural conditioning and discusses the schizophrenic characteristics in paintings. Other chapters consider the symptomatic value of psychotic art from the point of views of cultural anthropology. This book examines as well the art products of great artists who in the course of their lives suffered from mental illness. The final chapter deals with the negative interrelation between art and illness, which arise when refined cognitive activities were preserved intact. This book is a valuable resource for artists, psychiatrists, cultural anthropologists, and occupational therapists.

  • International Economics Policies and Their Theoretical Foundations

    A Source Book
    • 1 Edición
    • John M. Letiche
    • Inglés
    International Economics Policies and Their Theoretical Foundations: A Source Book provides information pertinent to the increasing differentiation of international economic policies among the developed and developing market economies. This book presents an analysis of fundamental principles of international economics. Organized into nine parts encompassing 33 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the certain elements of the relationship between the developing and the developed countries that the developing countries find particularly irksome. This text then analyzes the determinants of secular changes in the terms of trade and attempt to assess the influence of these changes on the development of a poor country. Other chapters consider the different concepts of the terms of trade, including the gross barter, income, net barter or commodity, and utility terms of trade. The final chapter deals with the economic scenarios for the 1980s. This book is a valuable resource for teachers, students, and government officials.

  • Monetary Integration in Western Europe

    EMU, EMS and Beyond
    • 1 Edición
    • D. C. Kruse
    • François Duchêne
    • Inglés
    Monetary Integration in Western Europe: EMU, EMS and Beyond discusses the origins of the Economic Monetary Union, (the European Monetary System is the forerunner of the EMU), and the integration of the European Community starting from the Treaty of Rome. The Treaty provides most of the elements necessary for a monetary union. The Community attempts to formulate a systematic, coherent approach to monetary integration as contained in the Barre Report. The Barre Report proposes that progress in two areas, coordinating economic policies and instituting a system of mutual financial assistance, is essential. In the Hague Summit, the heads of state want to enlarge and closely integrate the members of the Community. A commission under Luxembourg Prime Minister and Finance Minister, Pierre Werner prepares the plan for the EMU. On March 22, 1971, the Six member states approve the adoption of the EMU in several stages, and formally launch the EMU project. The Six have as goals to promote exchange rate stability within the Community, to coordinate economic polies through consultation procedures, to settle structural differences through Community policies, and to liberalize the movement of goods, services, and the factors of production. Economists, sociologists, professors in economics, and policy makers involved in international economics, particularly with the EU, will find the book valuable.

  • Early Man in South Buckinghamshire

    An Introduction to the Archaeology of the Region
    • 1 Edición
    • J. F. Head
    • Inglés
    Early Man in South Buckinghamshire: An Introduction to the Archaeology of the Region introduces the archaeology of South Buckinghamshire. This book records and outlines the evidence for the presence and activities of the early inhabitants of the southern portion of the county. It includes the topics on soils and settlements, communications, and Old and New Stone Age. The tumuli and surface finds, Bronze and Iron Age, Roman, Saxon, and Chiltern crosses are also elaborated. This monograph likewise includes a discussion of the county archaeological society and museums that are concerned with South Buckinghamshire antiquities, such as the Buckinghamshire Record Society, High Wycombe Museum, and Council for British Archaeology. This publication is suitable for archeologists, historians, and investigators concerned with the archaeology of South Buckinghamshire.

  • Museum, Archive, and Library Security

    • 1 Edición
    • Lawrence J. Fennelly
    • Inglés
    Museum, Archive, and Library Security provides an introduction to the security programs of museums and other park facilities. This book discusses the mechanism that provides for the protection of information, collections, equipment, personnel, and physical facilities of museums. Organized into seven parts encompassing 30 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the security programs of the National Park Service. This text then examines the quality of security personnel and its proper training, as well as its most efficient utilization and allocation. Other chapters consider the standard instruction in how to implement new security procedures by staff members. This book discusses as well the significance of good security for the protection of fine arts of any nature. The final chapter deals with global concern on the prevention, protection, import, or export of cultural property. This book is a valuable resource for security directors, archivists, curators, maintenance personnel, historic preservation specialists, and librarians.

  • The Odd Book of Data

    • 1 Edición
    • R. Houwink
    • Inglés
    The Odd Book of Data focuses on the principles of nature, science, astronomy, physics, economy, and education. The book first offers information on the universe, earth, and physics. Topics include creation of the universe, orbital speeds, the Milky Way, solar orbit of the earth, coastlines, rain supply, and Einstein's relativity theory. The text then elaborates on atoms and molecules, botany, biology, and mankind. Topics include life expectancy, urbanization, radiation, birth control, agriculture, forces of attraction in matter, and size and motion of electrons. The manuscript examines sense organs, energy, science and education, and economy. Discussions focus on standards of living, productivity, industrialization, proliferation of computers, illiteracy, energy resources, and fuel and power. The book then elaborates on transport and communication. The text is a valuable source of information for researchers wanting to explore the principles of nature, science, astronomy, economy, physics, education, and related fields.

  • Living with Cerebral Palsy

    A Study of School Leavers Suffering from Cerebral Palsy in Eastern Scotland
    • 1 Edición
    • T. T. S. Ingram + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Living with Cerebral Palsy correlates studies made in early life in patients with cerebral palsy with the status and social adjustment of the same individuals when they become adult. This book discusses the problem of fitting handicapped patients for life in the community after leaving school. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the fate of patients suffering from cerebral palsy once they outgrow childhood and come to seek employment or vocation in adult life. This text then examines the classification of cerebral palsy. Other chapters consider the likelihood of the handicapped being able to work in open employment or sheltered conditions, or of being unemployable. This book discusses as well information about personal relationships and social life of patients. The final chapter deals with the prevalence of cerebral palsy and the types of cerebral palsy encountered in a given community. This book is a valuable resource for teachers, social workers, therapists, psychologists, and physicians.

  • Words, Meaning, and Messages

    Theory and Experiments in Psycholinguistics
    • 1 Edición
    • Ragnar Rommetveit
    • Inglés
    Words, Meaning, and Messages: Theory and Experiments in Psycholinguistics focuses on the advancements of approaches, methodologies, and theories in psycholinguistics. The publication first elaborates on the studies of languages within a general science of signs and the search of psychological design features of natural languages. Discussions focus on characteristic features of sign processes, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of an artificial language, linguistic medium, and characteristic features of psychological inquiries. The text then takes a look at the word as a stimulus and response variable and word meanings, including interdependence among meaning components, associative word meaning, emotive meaning, and preliminary evidence for efferent mechanisms in word perception. The book examines word meanings and nonlinguistic factors in message transmission; different psychological approaches to syntactic processes; and psychological inquiries into the semantic and pragmatic aspects of utterances. Topics include linguistic form and efficiency of message transmission; acquisition of grammar and the learning of word meanings; and word combinations, conditioning, and temporary modification of word meanings. The manuscript is a valuable reference for researchers interested in the theories and experiments in psycholinguistics.

  • Comparing Economic Systems

    A Political-Economic Approach
    • 1 Edición
    • Andrew Zimbalist + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Comparing Economic Systems: A Political-Economic Approach presents a political-economic approach to the analysis and comparison of different types of economic systems. Full, integrated political-economic case studies of several representative countries, including Japan, Sweden, and France, are given. This book consists of six parts and begins with an overview of some definitions of the main kinds of political and economic systems; theoretical arguments from various points of view about how political and economic systems relate to each other; and the criteria for evaluating different political-economic systems. The next section considers three essentially market capitalist systems: Japan, Sweden, and France. The Soviet Union, a centrally planned, allegedly socialist economy, is examined next. More specifically, Soviet development from 1917 to 1928 and from 1928 to the present is discussed. Central planning in developing countries such as China and Cuba is also explored. Finally, the theory of market socialism is analyzed, citing the cases of Hungary and Yugoslavia. This monograph will be of value to politicians, economists, and economic policymakers.

  • History of International Law · Foundations and Principles of International Law · Sources of International Law · Law of Treaties

    Published under the Auspices of the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law under the Direction of Rudolf Bernhardt
    • 1 Edición
    • Sam Stuart
    • Inglés
    History of International Law · Foundations and Principles of International Law · Sources of International Law · Law of Treaties

  • Iatrophilosophers of the Hellenic States

    • 1 Edición
    • John Precope
    • Inglés
    Iatrophilosophers of the Hellenic States distinguishes the iatrophilosophers from the manual practitioners and from the educated amateur or theoretical researcher. This book discusses the intrusion of philosophy into medicine, which was the first background of the scientific spirit amongst the Greeks. Organized into five parts encompassing 30 chapters, this book begins with an overview of several great priest-physicians or religious healers, including Linus, Orpheus, Musaeus, and Asclepius. This text then describes the great men that earned the title of "wise". Other chapters consider Thales, who gained the title "wise" in the time of the Athenian archon Damusius. This book discusses as well several men of a speculative turn of mind, known as dialecticians or sophists. The final chapter deals with Aristotle, the famous iatrophilospher who flourished during the time the Hellenic States had remained free or independent. This book is a valuable resource for readers whose interests span a variety of fields.

  • A Woman's Pleasure Trip in Somaliland

    • 1 Edición
    • Frances Swayne
    • Inglés
    A Woman's Pleasure Trip in Somaliland provides a detailed and descriptive account of how a woman could pleasantly spend three winter months in a country where many of the fancied necessaries of a civilized life are absent. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the geographical description of Somaliland. This text then describes her arrival at Aden. Other chapters consider the Somalis' natural way of ascertaining the time. This book discusses as well Somalis' belief in the theory that mosquitos give fever, which was commented on in printed reports on Somaliland some years before medical science took the matter up. The final chapter deals with the author's concluding remarks about the exceptional attention, consideration, and willing service that she had experienced during her three month's stay in Somaliland. This book is a valuable resource for readers who are interested to learn about Somaliland and its people.

  • Aspects of Learning and Memory

    • 1 Edición
    • Derek Richter
    • Inglés
    Aspects of Learning and Memory provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of learning and memory. This book discusses the various problems of memory. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the different kinds of learning. This text then discusses the concept of memory, which is extended to include the capacity to retain learned skills, such as reading, wring, or driving a car. Other chapters consider the mechanism by which humans recall the past is frequently a process of matching a present image with a past image. This book discusses as well the physiological mechanisms associated with learning and memory, which involve the establishment of neuronal patterns that can be reactivated at a later date when remembrance occurs. The final chapter deals with complexity of changes involved in learning. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists, clinical neurologists, pathologists, and scientists working in different fields of research.

  • Handbook of Asian Finance

    Financial Markets and Sovereign Wealth Funds
    • 1 Edición
    • David Lee Kuo Chuen + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Asia's miraculous recovery from the 1997 crisis ushered in unexpected transformations to its economies and financial sectors. The reasons many Asian countries are growing above 6%, with double-digit growth for a year or two in-between, are investigated by this extensive research collection. The Handbook of Asian Finance covers the most interesting issues raised by these growth rates. From real estate prices and the effects of trading technologies for practitioners to tax evasion, market manipulation, and corporate governance issues, expert scholars analyze the ways that the region is performing. Offering broader and deeper coverage than other handbooks, the Handbook of Asian Finance explains what is going on in Asia today.

  • Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals and International Arbitrations

    • 1 Edición
    • Rudolf Bernhardt
    • Inglés
    Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 2: Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals and International Arbitrations focuses on articles on cases of major importance in international law that have come before international courts and arbitral tribunals. The publication first elaborates on the Abu Dhabi Oil Arbitration, Acquisition of Polish Nationality, Admission of a State to Membership in United Nations, Aramco Arbitration, Argentina-Chile Frontier Case, and Arbitration Award under the Treaty of Finance and Compensation of 1961. The text then takes a look at the Barcelona Traction Case, Buraimi Oasis Dispute, Certain Expenses of the United Nations, Clipperton Island Arbitration, Costa Rica Packet Arbitration, and Customs Regime between Germany and Austria. The manuscript examines the Tinoco Concessions Arbitration, Timor Island Arbitration, Sovereignty over Certain Frontier Land Case (Belgium/Netherlands... Sapphire Arbitration, Railway Traffic between Lithuania and Poland, Preferential Claims against Venezuela Arbitration, and Pious Fund Arbitration. The publication is a dependable source of data for researchers interested in the decisions of international courts and tribunals and international arbitrations.

  • International Organizations in General Universal International Organizations and Cooperation

    • 1 Edición
    • Rudolf Bernhardt
    • Inglés
    Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 5: International Organizations in General, Universal International Organizations, and Cooperation focuses on international governmental organizations and international cooperation of a universal nature. The publication first elaborates on bank for international settlements, Bretton Woods Conference (1944), Customs Cooperation Council, Dumbarton Oaks Conference (1944), financial institutions, and food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. The text then examines industrial property and international protection, Intergovernmental Committee for Migration, international administrative unions, and the International Air Transport Association. Discussions focus on traffic conferences, international protection of intellectual property, historical evolution of legal rules, special legal problem, and evaluation. The manuscript takes a look at the World Intellectual Property Organization, World Health Organization, World Food Council, voting rules in international conferences and organizations, and the Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in their Relations with International Organizations of a Universal Character. Topics include methods of voting, membership, decision-making, foundation and legal basis, functioning, and financing. The text is a valuable source of information for researchers interested in international governmental organizations and international cooperation.

  • Quantitative Economics and Development

    Essays in Memory of Ta-Chung Liu
    • 1 Edición
    • L. R. Klein + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Economic Theory, Econometrics, and Mathematical Economics: Quantitative Economics and Development: Essays in Memory of Ta-Chung Liu focuses on the advancements in the methodologies and processes in the field of quantitative economics. The selection first offers information on society, politics, and economic development, global stability of stochastic economic processes, and the design of mechanisms for the efficient allocation of public goods. Discussions focus on the design of individually incentive compatible mechanisms in an abstract setting, design problem under coalition formation, stability results for the economic models, invariant measures for diffusions, and disjoint principal-components method. The text then takes a look at critical observations on the labor theory of value and Sraffa's Standard Commodity and a generalization of Hotelling's solution. The manuscript examines an exploratory policy-oriented econometric model of a metropolitan area and the effect of simple specification error on the coefficients of "unaffected" variables, including distinctive features of the model and individual sectoral models. Temporal aggregation and econometric models; uniqueness of the representation of commodity-augmenting technical change; and technological change and growth performance in Taiwan agriculture are also discussed. The selection is a valuable source of data for economists and readers interested in quantitative economics.

  • Legal Reminders for Architects

    • 1 Edición
    • Elizabeth Phillips + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Legal Reminders for Architects provides a basic introduction to the range of legislation which encompasses all planning and building work in England and Wales. The book contains a summary of each law that may affect an architect, and where appropriate, suggestions for a suitable procedure to follow. It also explains less well known terms in planning, building, and employment. The text is organized into 19 chapters, which elucidates the legislation on such aspects as town and country planning, site appraisal, building control, and health and safety. The laws governing the conduct of businesses and partnerships, the employment protection law, and building regulations are elaborated as well. This book is intended for use by architects and architectural students.

  • Handbook to Bristol and the Neighbourhood with Map (in Excursion Pamphlets)

    Prepared by Various Authors, for the Publications Sub-Committee
    • 1 Edición
    • Bertram M. H. Rogers
    • Inglés
    Handbook to Bristol and the Neighbourhood with Map (In Excursion Pamphlets) is a collection of articles describing the history of the neighborhood of Bristol from geological times, pre-historic age, Roman era, and modern times. The architectural features of Bristol show no presence of early architecture, either Ecclesiastical or Civil. The port of Bristol includes the Old City Docks and those at Avonmouth and Portishead. Bristol is no longer regarded as a great port, a position it once enjoyed. The present dock system within the port comprises a dock of 19 acres at Avonmouth on the Gloucestershire bank of the Avon; one of 12 acres (in deep water area) at Portishead on the Somersetshire bank of the river two miles below Avonmouth; and a floating harbor of 70 acres in the heart of the City of Bristol. The port has an excellent geographical and maritime position, with direct railway and canal communication to all the leading centers of commerce. Several articles describe the local government, taxation, public health, flora and fauna, educational institutions, and public libraries of Bristol. English Historians, students, foreign or local tourists to Southwest England will find the handbook entertaining and informative.

  • The Theory of Positional Games with Applications in Economics

    • 1 Edición
    • Iosif A. Krass + 1 más
    • Karl Shell
    • Inglés
    The Theory of Positional Games with Applications in Economics deals with information and probabilistic extension of games in extensive forms, in normal forms, and to the existence of solutions of infinite games. The text also explains the application of existence of a solution to a von Neumann model with conflict interaction, and the theory of differential games based on Isaac's equations. The text describes in detail the definitions of a difference game, control sets of players, general strategies, optimal behavioral strategies. Isaac's approach to differential games is based primarily on the assumption of the sufficient smoothness of a Bellman's function. Bellman's function becomes smooth if control functions satisfy certain regularity conditions and smoothness conditions. Other approaches to differential games include the geometric properties of games and those of Avner Friedman and Nokolai Krasovsky. The computation of behavioral strategies in the Friedman approach is primarily based on Isaac's approach. Krasovky's approach is somewhat a generalization of both the geometrical approach and Friedman's approximation approach. The book is suitable for economists, statistician, mathematicians, students or professors of economics, business, and games theory.

  • The Limits of Mankind

    A Philosophy of Population
    • 1 Edición
    • R. A. Piddington
    • Inglés
    The Limits of Mankind: A Philosophy of Population provides information pertinent to the tremendous problem of world population. This book discusses whether the achievement of maximum economic welfare for the whole world will not result in minimum satisfaction for everybody through the exhaustion of habitable living-space. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of population density. This text then examines the extent of damage that humans has done to the balance of nature, including the decimation of the forests, the spread of erosion, and the creation of deserts. Other chapters consider the potential danger from disease, which is greatly increased by the proliferation of humans. This book discusses as well the idea of planetary colonization. The final chapter deals with the evils of over-population in a world that had run short of space. This book is a valuable resource for biologists, scientists, psychologists, anthropologists, and research workers.

  • Foundations of Language Development

    A Multidisciplinary Approach
    • 1 Edición
    • Eric H. Lenneberg + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Foundations of Language Development: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Volume 1 provides information pertinent to the important discoveries and issues in the area of language development. This book covers important topics, including language policy, language rehabilitation, and language in the classroom. Organized into three parts encompassing 19 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the relationship between animal communication and language proper. This text then examines the early metaphysical views as to the origin of speech and explores the probable nature of the language employed by early man. Other chapters consider the growing conception that language is essentially a localizable cerebral function. This book discusses as well the shortcomings of speech as a means of human communication. The final chapter deals with a comparison of child language with deteriorated language in senile dementia. This book is a valuable resource for linguists and readers who are faced with practical decisions concerning language.

  • Memorials of Stoke Bishop

    Its Church and First Vicar
    • 1 Edición
    • David T. Wright
    • Inglés
    Memorials of Stoke Bishop: Its Church ad First Vicar provides information pertinent to the origin and earliest life of the Church of St. Mary Magdalene, Stoke Bishop. This book presents a brief account of the first sacraments of the church. This text then provides an interesting sketch of Stoke Bishop parish. The external characteristic of the church is great simplicity. This book describes the interior of the church as white and cold, but its height and graceful forms are striking. This book also provides several notes of some sermons preached at St. Mary Magdalene, Stoke Bishop. This book is a valuable resource for evangelists and readers who are interested in the history of St. Mary Magdalene, Stoke Bishop.

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