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Elsevier

Libros en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades

  • Filtering and Control of Macroeconomic Systems

    A Control System Incorporating the Kalman Filter for the Indian Economy
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 160
    • M.J.M. Rao
    • J. Tinbergen
    • Inglés
    Advances in computer technology, coupled with the sophistication of econometric modelling, have enabled rapid progress in the formulation and solution of optimal control and filtering programmes, especially in the sphere of macroeconomic policy designing.These developments in systems methodology have prompted the need for an interface between optimal control theory and dynamic macroeconomic analysis. The implications of this convergence have already aroused a great deal of research, but it remains to be seen whether policy makers in most developing countries will consider actually incorporating these techniques into planning. The author argues that control and systems theory can be of immense help in stabilizing those economies plagued by cyclical and structural problems. By demonstrating the applicability of control & filter theory to short-term macroeconomic planning, this book illuminates the impressive array of problems that can thereby be solved, and helps foster a closer working relationship between economists and control theorists. The work deals specifically with the construction of a Kalman filter mechanism, for deriving short-term optimal economic policies under conditions of uncertainty. It specifies and resolves a macroeconometric model which is linked to a unique observation sub-system of a given economy, congruent with the errors in information signalling which are prevalent within the data base context of most developing countries. An evaluation of control settings contrasts short and long-term economic policies. This indicates that an economy may `overheat' under protracted settings of instrument values around their optimal levels if the constraints on the system, in the form of external shocks, are too great to allow reaching all targets simultaneously using feasible instrument paths.

  • Qualitative Change in Human Geography

    • 1 Edición
    • S. S. Duncan
    • Inglés
    Qualitative Change in Human Geography is a collection of studies that tackles concerns about human geography. The papers presented in the book deal with qualitative issues regarding human geography. The text contains eight different discussions that cover topics such as the direction of social practice research and the concept of people, society, and nature in social science. The book covers how economic and political interaction can explain the creation of spatial structure. The text discusses the explanatory theories and ideologies regarding the obsession of policymakers with the inner-city. The book will be of great interest to sociologists, psychologists, and individuals concerned with human geography.

  • Models in Planning

    An Introduction to the Use of Quantitative Models in Planning
    • 1 Edición
    • C. Lee
    • Inglés
    Models in Planning: An Introduction to the Use of Quantitative Models in Planning discusses the fundamental concepts in the techniques employed in the construction urban and regional models. The book emphasizes understanding of the models rather than the mathematical aspects of model construction. The text first details the role of models in the planning process, and then proceeds to discussing the principles of the design and use of models. In the third chapter, the book presents the elementary mathematical concepts and symbols that are essential in understanding the subsequent discussion of models. The succeeding series of chapters covers the types of model, which are linear, gravity, and lowry. The text also details the principles involved in optimizing models. The book will be of great use to students and practitioners of civil engineers, architecture, and urban planning.

  • Basic Mathematics for the Biological and Social Sciences

    • 1 Edición
    • F. H. C. Marriott
    • Inglés
    Basic Mathematics for the Biological and Social Sciences deals with the applications of basic mathematics in the biological and social sciences. Mathematical concepts that are discussed in this book include graphical methods, differentiation, trigonometrical or circular functions, limits and convergence, integration, vectors, and differential equations. The exponential function and related functions are also considered. This monograph is comprised of 11 chapters and begins with an overview of basic algebra, followed by an introduction to infinitesimal calculus, scalar and vector quantities, complex numbers, and the simplest types of differential equation. The use of graphs in the presentation of data is also described, along with limits and convergence, rules for differentiation, the exponential function, and maxima and minima. Techniques of integration, vectors and their derivatives, and simultaneous differential equations are explored as well. Examples from biology, economics and related subjects, probability theory, and physics are provided. This text will be a useful resource for mathematicians as well as biologists and social scientists interested in applying mathematics to their work.

  • The Manufacture of Knowledge

    An Essay on the Constructivist and Contextual Nature of Science
    • 1 Edición
    • K.D. Knorr-Cetina
    • Inglés
    The anthropological approach is the central focus of this study. Laboratories are looked upon with the innocent eye of the traveller in exotic lands, and the societies found in these places are observed with the objective yet compassionate eye of the visitor from a quite other cultural milieu. There are many surprises that await us if we enter a laboratory in this frame of mind... This study is a realistic enterprise, an attempt to truly represent the social order of life in laboratories and institutes of research, just as they are. By bringing the philosophical issues to the surface as matters not of prejudgement but as matters of concern, Karin Knorr-Cetina has developed the first really positive challenge to the philosophy of science since the days of paradigms and internal definitions of meanings

  • Napoleon III and Europe

    Bibliographical Studies, Sixteen Illustrations
    • 1 Edición
    • Sam Stuart
    • Inglés
    Napoleon III and Europe investigates, outside the field of France's own political development, those positive changes in the organization of Europe and the world which Napoleon III effected. It examines Napoleon III's attitude towards the so-called nationality principle with regards to the Balkans, and the attention he gave to the fate of the Christian nations in European Turkey. Napoleon's role in the unification of Italy is also discussed. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book begins with an analysis of Napoleon's Balkan policy in relation to the Ottoman Empire, as well as his attitude towards the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. The two areas of Europe in which the problem of nationality was most acute and complex are considered, namely, the empires of the Hapsburgs and the Turks. Attention then turns to Napoleon's policy towards Italy and its unification. The process of Italian unification is discussed in relation to European politics during Napoleon III's reign. Napoleon's foreign policy on Europe and the diplomatic actions of German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck are also examined, along with his contributions to the development of European politics and culture. The final chapter is a selective bibliography of Europe between 1852 and 1890. This monograph will appeal to historians and political scientists.

  • Earnings Capacity, Poverty, and Inequality

    • 1 Edición
    • Irwin Garfinkel + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Earnings Capacity, Poverty, and Inequality describes the development and application of a way to measure economic status that will avoid some mistakes occurring in methods of measurement. The book reviews the concept of earnings capacity through different measures of economic status. The authors discuss the procedures used in estimating family revenue, sources of data, and inherent weaknesses in such measures. They consider the degree to which different groups classified by age, sex, race, or economic status use their earnings capacity. The authors compare income utilization of those who are considered poor using both measures of earning capacity and current income. Then, a common government and academic policy known as the target efficient — the proportion of total benefits allocated to poor families — is discussed. The authors cite two important factors: 1) estimates of target efficiency are affected by how poverty is defined and 2) target efficiency of transfer programs changes when the economic status method is used instead of the income method. The authors also examine the effects of labor market discrimination on the earning differences between two races. The text will prove useful for sociologists, psychologists, economists, and students of political science and population demographics.

  • Strategic Planning in London

    The Rise and Fall of the Primary Road Network
    • 1 Edición
    • Douglas A. Hart
    • Inglés
    Strategic Planning in London: The Rise and Fall of the Primary Road Network examines the relationship between order and change in the urban planning process. Focusing on the planning of Greater London during 1943 to 1973, the book describes how strategic road planning and urban order has changed over this period. The text analyzes why the large-scale planning of high-speed major roads in Greater London has failed. Chapter 1 examines traditional master planning and disjointed incrementalism and outlines a conceptual model based on an iterative approach to urban planning. Chapter 2 considers the way in which traffic congestion in Greater London was defined in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Chapter 3 and 4 describes Abercombrie-Buchanan approach to highway and urban and planning. Chapter 5 points out the ways in which the concept of traffic congestion was broadened in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Finally, Chapter 6 focuses on the control mechanisms used in the planning period from 1943 to 1973. This book will be of interest to engineers who are seeking a comprehensive analysis of strategic planning.

  • General Problems

    Political Economy
    • 1 Edición
    • Oskar Lange
    • Inglés
    Political Economy, Volume I: General Problems provides a systematic treatise on political economy. This book discusses the state of economic science and the course of economic development in different parts of the world. Organized into seven chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the social or political economy as the study of social laws governing the production and distribution of the material means of satisfying human needs. This text then examines the basic regularity encountered by political economy in its analysis of the social laws governing human economic activity, which is formed by the dependence of production relations on social productive forces. Other chapters consider the objective character of economic laws. This book discusses as well the concern of economic history in the development of concrete economic progress. The final chapter deals with the differences of opinions and interpretations in the development of science. Economists will find this book useful.

  • Migration Decision Making

    Multidisciplinary Approaches to Microlevel Studies in Developed and Developing Countries
    • 1 Edición
    • Gordon F. De Jong + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Migration Decision Making: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Microlevel Studies and Developing Countries discusses several topics, such as systematics review and evaluation of microlevel frameworks and models of the migration decision; applicability of microlevel migration models and framework; and general policy implications of microlevel models and frame works. The opening chapter introduces the main themes and provides an overview of the book. Chapter 2 discusses the motivation for migration, an assessment and a value-expectancy research model, and the next chapter tackles macrolevel influences on the migration decision process. Chapter 4 covers microeconomic approaches to studying migration decisions, while Chapter 5 discusses information, uncertainty, and the microeconomic model of migration decision making. The sixth chapter talks about moving toward a development paradigm of migration, with particular reference to third world countries, and the seventh chapter discusses village-community ties, village norms, and ethnic and social networks. Chapter 8 covers family structure and family strategy in migration decision making, and then Chapter 9 discusses the migration decision-making process, emphasizing some social-psychological considerations. Chapter 10 tackles policy intervention considerations, focusing on the relationship of theoretical models to planning, and Chapter 11 discusses the utility of microlevel approach to migration, using a Philippine perspective. The last chapter is a review of micro migration research in the third world context. This book will be of great interest to sociologists, economists, law makers, and government agencies who are concerned with the implications of migrations.

  • Emotion, Psychopathology, and Psychotherapy

    • 1 Edición
    • Robert Plutchik + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Emotion: Theory, Research, and Experience, Volume 5: Emotion, Psychopathology, and Psychotherapy is concerned with the formulation of models of emotion psychopathology and psychotherapy. The book focuses on the dysregulation of emotion, methods for changing emotion and the experience of emotion. The papers contained in the volume are grouped into theoretical works that link emotions to psychopathology and psychotherapy based on concepts derived from evolutionary biology; theoretical works that utilizes psychoanalysis in understanding emotions; and the transformation of cognitive constructions through psychotherapy. Psychologists, psychiatrists, psychoanalysts, sociobiologists, and students in the allied fields will find the book a good source of insight.

  • Ritual Brotherhood in Renaissance Florence

    • 1 Edición
    • E. A. Hammel
    • Inglés
    Ritual Brotherhood in Renaissance Florence investigates the meaning of fraternity in terms of the ritual relations created in religious brotherhoods or confraternities during that period. The book focuses on the sociability of the confraternity as revealed in the patterns of membership and in forms of ceremony. Florence's confraternities serve as a vehicle for examining the relationship between ritual behavior and social organization. The text discusses the ways in which Florentines use forms of ritual to define, protect, and alter their relations with one another. The book reviews the social relations in Renaissance Florence through the structure of social relations, the politics of amity or enmity, and social relations in relation to economic exchange. Social organization and ritual actions include confraternal organization, membership, symbolic fraternity, and the rites of community. The book explores the company of San Paolo in the fifteenth century where the confraternity offers an introduction to the nature of citywide community, its republican institutions, and its civic values. The book also examines traditional confraternities in crisis, the nature of the disruptions that leads to the emergence of new confraternal organizations and values. In the sixteenth-century, confraternities reveal major departures in ideology, ritual, and social organization. They have also introduced the principles of hierarchy into confraternal membership, as well as a new ethic of obedience. The book will prove delightful reading for sociologists, historians studying Florentine society, and researchers interested in the history of religious brotherhood and confraternities.

  • Concise Encyclopedia of Software Engineering

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 1
    • Derrick Morris
    • Inglés
    This Concise Encyclopedia of Software Engineering is intended to provide compact coverage of the knowledge relevant to the practicing software engineer. The content has been chosen to provide an introduction to the theory and techniques relevant to the software of a broad class of computer applications. It is supported by examples of particular applications and their enabling technologies. This Encyclopedia will be of value to new practitioners who need a concise overview and established practitioners who need to read about the "penumbra" surrounding their own specialities. It will also be useful to professionals from other disciplines who need to gain some understanding of the various aspects of software engineering which underpin complex information and control systems, and the thinking behind them.

  • The Discrimination Process and Development

    International Series of Monographs in Experimental Psychology
    • 1 Edición
    • Brian J. Fellows
    • Inglés
    The Discrimination Process and Development, Volume 5 covers the fields of behavioral theory and experimental child psychology. This book aims to develop the theory of the discrimination process and relate this theory to certain features of the perceptual and cognitive development of the child. Organized into 21 chapters, this volume starts with a discussion of discrimination process whereby an organism responds to differences between stimuli. This text then discusses the classical discrimination experiment whereby it employs two discriminative stimuli, one of which is positive and the other negative. Other chapters consider the developmental aspects of the discrimination process. The final chapter deals with the hypothesis analysis of matching performances. This book is intended to be suitable for psychology students who are looking for an area of research less restricted than conventional learning theory, and more significant to pressing practical problems. Child psychologists and experimentalists will also find this book useful.

  • Psychology

    Made Simple
    • 1 Edición
    • Abraham P. Sperling
    • Kenneth Martin
    • Inglés
    Psychology: Made Simple covers the development of psychology over the years and the basic psychological knowledge. The book describes the scientific approach to the study of the human nature, the physiological aspects of psychology, perception, and the processes of learning. The text also discusses John Dewey’s analysis of reasoning; creativity, logic, critical thinking, and divergent and convergent thinking; the nature of thinking; and the relationship between thinking and language. The process of remembering; intelligence and aptitudes and tests used to measure both; the basis of individual differences; and the psychology of infancy, childhood, and adolescence are also considered. The book tackles the theories of emotions and personality development, the role of motivation in personality development; personality adjustment and maladjustment; and the neurotic and abnormal personalities. Issues in social psychology are considered as well. Students taking psychology, social sciences and education will find the book invaluable.

  • Theory of Experiments in Paramagnetic Resonance

    International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy
    • 1 Edición
    • Jan Talpe
    • D. ter Haar
    • Inglés
    International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy, Volume 33: Theory of Experiments in Paramagnetic Resonance discusses the technique for studying materials with unpaired electrons. This book is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction to examining matter through applying a magnetic field. The paramagnetic resonance line, such as the HF susceptibility as a function of certain parameters, is analyzed in the next chapter. Chapter 3 deals with the electronic signal that produces the HF susceptibility. The last chapter is devoted to the enhancement of the electronic signal above noise. This volume is beneficial to chemists and students interested in paramagnetic resonance.

  • The Role of Science in the Development of Natural Resources with Particular Reference to Pakistan, Iran and Turkey

    A Symposium Held Under the Auspices of the CENTO Scientific Council, Lahore, January, 1962
    • 1 Edición
    • M. L. Smith
    • Inglés
    The Role of Science in the Development of Natural Resources with Particular Reference to Pakistan, Iran and Turkey is a collection of papers that details issues in power and energy, water resources, forestry and land, agriculture, animal health, and public health. The materials analyze the problems in natural resource from different scientific perspectives. The text first coves the place of research in developing countries, and then proceeds to tackling concerns in fuel, power, and atomic energy. Next, the selection talks about the development of water resources. The next sections of the text deal with forestry and agriculture. The selection also covers concerns in animal and public health. The book will be of great interest to individuals concerned with the condition of world’s natural resource reserves.

  • Human Hope and the Death Instinct

    An Exploration of Psychoanalytical Theories of Human Nature and Their Implications for Culture and Education
    • 1 Edición
    • David Holbrook
    • Inglés
    Human Hope and the Death Instinct: An Exploration of Psychoanalytical Theories of Human Nature and their Implications for Culture and Education focuses on the study of human nature. The manuscript first offers information on psychology as a form of philosophical anthropology and reactions against the Freudian theory, including the origins of love and hate, death instinct, and metapsychology and negation. The book then discusses human nature and the development of object-relations psychology. Topics include the theories of W. R. D. Fairbairn on love and structure of personality; relationships of psychology, poetry, and science; Fairbairn’s analysis of the logic of hate; and Melanie Klein’s concept of phantasy and aggression. The text evaluates the relationships of identity and social theory, education, culture, and moral development, as well as amorality, progress, and democracy. The manuscript also discusses the connection of psychoanalysis and existentialism, including Jean-Paul Sartre’s concept of freedom and R. D. Laing’s position on existentialism. The book is a vital source of data for readers wanting to study human nature.

  • Economic Control Structures

    A Non-Walrasian Approach
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 188
    • B. Martos
    • D.W. Jorgenson
    • Inglés
    This monograph is the result of research work carried out over a decade with the purpose of adopting a new approach to the theory of economic mechanisms. The study focuses on economies which are not in and do not tend to Walrasian equilibrium. Both formal mathematics and verbal argumentation have been used by the author to explain a more general theory of economic mechanisms.

  • A Basic Needs Policy Model

    A General Equilibrium Analysis with Special Reference to Ecuador
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 175
    • A. Kouwenaar
    • D.W. Jorgenson
    • Inglés
    Using recent research on Ecuador, this book discusses a social accounting matrix (SAM)-based model for simulating the effects of basic needs policies on various socio-economic groups. Specific parameter choice and specification of relationships allow the general equilibrium model to capture rigidities and occurrences of non-perfect commodity and factor markets. Basic needs satisfaction is described as an ``output'' resulting from income formation and expenditure, and dynamically linked to the structural processes of household and socio-economic group formation, formation of the labour force and wealth, and labour productivity. Simulations concentrate on the effects of various expenditure, indirect tax and redistributive policies on incomes and basic needs satisfaction.

  • The Cry for Help and the Professional Response

    • 1 Edición
    • Jack Kahn + 1 más
    • Inglés
    At present any one of a large number of professional services may be called upon to deal with the distress of individuals and families. They may be concerned successively or simultaneously, in co-operation with one another or in competition. In this profusion of services a large number of problems fail to receive help. This book offers a way of defining the help that the different services can give. The authors maintain that each of the professions has its distinctive approach and that each of these approaches should have its justification in theory and practice.

  • Test Design

    Developments in Psychology and Psychometrics
    • 1 Edición
    • Susan E. Embretson
    • Inglés
    Test Design: Developments in Psychology and Psychometrics is a collection of papers that deals with the diverse developments contributing to the psychometrics of test design. Part I is a review of test design including practices being used in test development. Part II deals with design variables from a psychological theory that includes implications of verbal comprehension theories in the role of intelligence and the effects of these implications on goals, design, scoring, and validation of tests. Part III discusses the latent trait models for test design that have numerous advantages in problems involving item banking, test equating, and computerized adaptive testing. One paper explains the use of the linear exponential model for psychometric models in speed test construction. The book discusses the traditional psychometric; the Hunt, Frost, and Lunnerbog theory; and the single-latency distribution model. Part IV examines test designs from the perspective of test developments in the future integrating technology, cognitive science, and psychometric theories. Psychologists, psychometricians, educators, and researchers in the field of human development studies will value this book.

  • Theory of Intermolecular Forces

    International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy
    • 2 Edición
    • H. Margenau + 1 más
    • D. Ter Haar
    • Inglés
    Theory of Intermolecular Forces deals with the exposition of the principles and techniques of the theory of intermolecular forces. The text focuses on the basic theory and surveys other aspects, with particular attention to relevant experiments. The initial chapters introduce the reader to the history of intermolecular forces. Succeeding chapters present topics on short, intermediate, and long range atomic interactions; properties of Coulomb interactions; shape-dependent forces between molecules; and physical adsorption. The book will be of good use to experts and students of quantum mechanics and advanced physical chemistry.

  • Collection of Problems in Classical Mechanics

    International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy
    • 1 Edición
    • G. L. Kotkin + 1 más
    • D. ter Haar
    • Inglés
    Collection of Problems in Classical Mechanics presents a set of problems and solutions in physics, particularly those involving mechanics. The coverage of the book includes 13 topics relevant to classical mechanics, such as integration of one-dimensional equations of motion; the Hamiltonian equations of motion; and adiabatic invariants. The book will be of great use to physics students studying classical mechanics.

  • Aggression in Global Perspective

    Pergamon General Psychology Series
    • 1 Edición
    • Arnold P. Goldstein + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Aggression in Global Perspective attempts to present both an elucidating and a utilitarian picture of aggression in global perspective: elucidating, in that it serves to help deepen the understanding of the meaning and nature of aggression throughout the world; utilitarian, in that its companion focus on aggression controls and alternatives in global perspective actually functions to aid the constructive, prosocial, anti-aggression efforts which do exist, or might exist, to more readily and more fully succeed. The book begins by drawing upon individual cultural perspectives on aggression, aggression control, and aggression alternatives to offer a more unified, global perspective. It compares, contrasts, distills differences and similarities, and suggests specific directions for future research and applied efforts at better understanding of aggression. The chapters which follow describe contemporary manifestations of aggression in a large number of nations representing almost the entire world. These descriptions are placed in a cultural context, providing an understanding of why, for the given country or region, aggression currently assumes particular forms, rates, and intensities. Such contextual information is also utilized in most of the ensuing chapters to aid in understanding how aggression ""fits in"" or is conceptualized in each nation's stream of daily living.

  • Technology and Science in the People's Republic of China

    An Introduction
    • 1 Edición
    • Jon Sigurdson
    • Inglés
    Technology and Science in the People's Republic of China: An Introduction tackles several areas of concerns in the technological development of China. The title covers China’s research structure, scientific resources, and technological priorities. The text first reviews contemporary China, and then proceeds to discussing Chinese history. Next, the selection talks about China’s objective and policies. The text also covers the Chinese research organizations, along with education and training. Chapter 7 tackles the basic and applied science in China, while Chapter 8 details mass science. The next chapter talks about China’s policy on environmental protection. The tenth chapter covers electronics, and the last chapter tackles the future of Chinese technology. The book will be of great use to readers who have an interest in Chinese technological progress.

  • Progress in Behavior Modification

    Volume 2
    • 1 Edición
    • Michel Hersen + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Progress in Behavior Modification, Volume 2 reviews issues and developments in the field of behavior modification, with emphasis on a wide spectrum of child and adult disorders. Topics covered range from behavioral assessment and treatment of alcoholism to sexual arousal in male sexual deviates, along with aversion therapy and research methods in behavior modification. Comprised of eight chapters, this volume begins with a discussion on the status and future trends in behavior assessment of alcoholism and behavior modification with alcoholics. The next chapter deals with therapy models, focusing on the domain of social learning, removal of fears, and assertive and social skill training. The discussion then turns to the measurement and generation of sexual arousal in male sexual deviates; applications of behavior modification in nursing practice; aversion therapy and its clinical effects; deceleration of aberrant behavior among retarded individuals; and research methods in behavior modification. The final chapter examines clinical issues regarding behavioral self-control. This book should be of value to theoreticians, researchers, or practitioners in the fields of psychiatry, psychology, and behavior therapy as well as social work, speech therapy, education, and rehabilitation.

  • Fatigue Testing and Analysis of Results

    • 1 Edición
    • W. Weibull
    • Inglés
    Fatigue Testing and Analysis of Results discusses fundamental concepts of fatigue testing and results analysis. The book begins with a description of the symbols and nomenclature selected for the present book, mainly those proposed by the ASTM Committee E-9 on Fatigue. Fatigue testing methods are then discussed including routine tests, short-life and long-life tests, cumulative-damage tests, and abbreviated and accelerated tests. Separate chapters cover fatigue testing machines and equipment; instruments and measuring devices; and test pieces used in fatigue testing. The factors affecting test results are considered, including material, types of stressing, test machine, environment, and testing technique. The final two chapters cover the planning of test programs and the presentation of results. Test program planning involves the statistical design of a test series; specification and sampling of test pieces; and choice of test pieces, testing machines, and test conditions. The chief purpose of most fatigue tests is the experimental determination of the relation between the endurance and the magnitude of the applied stress range for the material and the specimen under consideration, and final results can be condensed into a table, graph, or analytical expression.

  • Disturbed Behavior in the Elderly

    • 1 Edición
    • A.G. Awad + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Disturbed Behavior in the Elderly provides information pertinent to the needs of those giving care as well as of the elderly themselves. This book presents relevant topics of contemporary psychiatric importance. Organized into four parts encompassing 11 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the clinical, administrative, and interpersonal problems posed by the elderly patient with disturbed behavior. This text then examines the rational management of disturbing behavior among the elderly in health care and other residential settings. Other chapters consider the use of medications and psychotropic drugs in old age. This book discusses as well the great value of drug therapy in alleviating the sufferings of the elderly and helping them restore the equilibrium that has been disturbed by aging, physical disability, and shrinking socio-economic network around them. The final chapter deals with staff burnout, job stress, and low morale in dealing with the elderly. This book is a valuable resource for geriatric psychiatrists and caregivers.

  • Survey Research and Public Attitudes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union

    Pergamon Policy Studies on International Politics
    • 1 Edición
    • William A. Welsh
    • Inglés
    Survey Research and Public Attitudes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union is a collection of research studies the survey’s the opinions of demographics from Eastern Europe on socialists systems. The title analyzes the development of survey research in the socialist systems of Eastern Europe to provide an overview of the nature of socialist countries. The territories covered in the selection are Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Germany Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. The book will be of great interest to sociologists, political scientists, economists, and behavioral scientists.

  • Relations between Western Europe and the United States of America

    Strasbourg University of Law, Political and Social Sciences and Technology, Under the Auspices of the Secretary General of the Council of Europe
    • 1 Edición
    • Sam Stuart
    • Inglés
    Relations between Western Europe and the United States of America focuses on issues surrounding the political, diplomatic, and strategic relations between the US and Western Europe. Composed of pieces of respected resource authors, the first part of the book is devoted to the elaboration of the varying positions of the authors regarding political, diplomatic, and strategic relations between the entities mentioned. The discussions focus on issues surrounding the concerns mentioned and also on recommendations as to how these obstacles can be resolved. The second part of the discussions focuses on economic, energy, and monetary relations. As in the first part, the varying positions of authors on these concerns are presented, coupled with presentations on the prevailing obstacles that the US and Western Europe face. Suggestions that are deemed valuable to the resolution of these issues are noted. The third part deals with human rights and pluralist democracy. This section notes the regression in the quality of worldwide action relative to the observance of human rights. This section contains the pieces of authors who have brought out the issues surrounding human rights and democracy. The text also discusses case studies regarding the state of relations between the US and Western Europe. The book is valuable to those who are concerned with the promotion of international relations.

  • Advances in Experimental Clinical Psychology

    Pergamon General Psychology Series
    • 1 Edición
    • Henry E. Adams + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Advances in Experimental Clinical Psychology is a collection of articles that covers the advances in experimental clinical psychology, in terms of perspective, approach, and research methods. The first chapter of the book details the theories and research methods in dealing with psychopathic behavior. Chapter 2 covers the retarded child as a whole person. The third chapter presents studies of psychodiagnostic errors of observation as a contribution toward a nondynamic psychopathology of everyday life. In the fourth chapter, the book discusses psychological intervention in a community crisis. The last chapter of the book deals with perspective in experimental clinical psychology. The text will be of great use to practitioners and researchers of psychology and related fields, such as psychiatry and neurology.

  • The Genesis of the Classical Conditioned Response

    International Series of Monographs in Experimental Psychology
    • 1 Edición
    • Irene Martin + 1 más
    • H. J. Eysenck
    • Inglés
    International Series of Monographs in Experimental Psychology, Volume 8: The Genesis of the Classical Conditioned Response presents an introduction to the study of conditioning and conditioned response. This book discusses the stimulus properties that are necessary to conditioning. Organized into seven chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the effects of stimuli after processing by the nervous system. This text then outlines the extensive nature of response change during conditioning and explains the modifications that occur in the unconditioned response prior to conditioning. Other chapters consider the relevance of the analysis of background activity on the conditioning process. This book discusses as well the stimulus factors that are likely to affect or determine unconditioned response elicitation, the nature of unconditioned response, and associated events such as feedback and arousal effects. The final chapter deals with the unified view of conditioning. This monograph is a valuable resource for psychologists and physiologists.

  • Multidimensional Mathematical Demography

    Proceedings of the Conference on Multidimensional Mathematical Demography Held at the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, March 23-25, 1981, Sponsored by the National Science Foundation
    • 1 Edición
    • Kenneth C Land + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Multidimensional Mathematical Demography is a collection of papers dealing with the problems of inaccurate or unavailable demographic data, transformation of data into probabilities, multidimensional population dynamic models, and the problems of heterogeneity. The papers suggest a unified perspective with emphasis on data structure to work out multidimensional analysis with incomplete data. To solve inaccuracies in data, one paper notes that designs and use of model multistate schedules, for example, methods of inferring data, should be a major part in multistate modeling. Other papers discuss the state-of-the-art in abridged increment-decrement life table methodology. They also describe the estimation of transition probabilities in increment-decrement life tables where mobility data available is from the count of movers from a population survey. One paper reviews the possible extension of a multiregional stochastic theorem associated in a single-regional case; and then analyzes what the stochastic model needs when it is used with real data. Another paper explains strategies concerning population heterogeneity when it pertains to the mixtures of Markov and semi-Markov processes; Markov processes subject to measurement error; and the Heckman and Borjas model. This collection can be read profitably by statisticians, mathematicians, mathematical demographers, mathematical sociologists, economists, professionals in census bureaus, and students of sociology or geography.

  • Evaluating the Welfare State

    Social and Political Perspectives
    • 1 Edición
    • Shimon E. Spiro + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Evaluating the Welfare State: Social and Political Perspectives together with its companion Social Policy Evaluation: An Economic Perspective is the outgrowth of an international and interdisciplinary conference on policy evaluation held at Tel Aviv University in December 1980. The conference brought together scholars from the fields of economics, sociology, political science, social work, and administration. The papers presented at this conference approached the welfare state and social policy evaluation from a number of different theoretical and methodological perspectives. A selection of these papers has been included in this volume. The book is divided into five parts. Part I is devoted to the political antecedents and consequences of the welfare state and to the social and psychological processes that affect the development of social policies and reactions to them. Part II analyzes the discontinuity between policies that are the subject of public debate, and the programs that affect the well-being of populations and the distribution of resources. The chapters in Parts III and IV present current developments in the practice of evaluation and explore the frontiers of this field. Part V focuses on the relationship of evaluation to policymaking. This involves examinations of the culture of political debates, the nature of choices facing policymakers, and the impact of research on policy.

  • Urban-Rural Links

    Issues in Geography
    • 1 Edición
    • John Westaway + 2 más
    • Inglés

  • Modern Practice in Stress and Vibration Analysis

    Proceedings of the Conference Held at the University of Liverpool, 3–5 April 1989
    • 1 Edición
    • J. E. Mottershead
    • Inglés
    Modern Practice in Stress and Vibration Analysis documents the proceedings of the conference on Modern Practice in Stress and Vibration Analysis organized by the Stress Analysis Group of the Institute of Physics at the University of Liverpool, 3-5 April 1989. The Group has been known in the UK for its contribution in providing meetings with an emphasis on application, covering topics which range widely to include modern numerical techniques and advanced experimentation. The volume contains 34 papers presented by researchers at the conference covering a wide range of topics such as the application of the sensitivity analysis method to structural dynamics; passive and active vibration control for use in vibration suppression in spacecraft; analysis of an ultrasonically excited thick cylinder; and the prediction of vibrational power transmission through a system of jointed beams carrying longitudinal and flexural waves. It is hoped that the contributions published in this book will be of value to the broad community of practitioners in stress and vibration analysis whom the Stress Analysis Group exists to serve.

  • The Sociology of Organizational Change

    • 1 Edición
    • E. A. Johns
    • Inglés
    The Sociology of Organizational Change discusses organizational change and its implementation, focusing on economic growth, specification and attainment of profitability targets, and entrepreneurial behavior. This book describes the three alternative methods of introducing change—introduction without warning, introduction preceded by information, and introduction with employee participation. The topics covered include the need for constant change; change, equilibrium and homeostasis; sources of resistance to change; and hierarchical variations in attitudes to change. The organizational and psychological factors; techniques for implementing change; and managerial succession and the organizational climate are likewise deliberated in this text. This publication is useful to students studying for the Diploma in Management Studies, professional examinations of the Institute of Personnel Management, and university courses in sociology.

  • Principles of Training

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Psychology Division
    • 1 Edición
    • D. H. Holding
    • G. P. Meredith
    • Inglés
    Principles of Training provides insight into the different variables presented by training tasks. It presents a wide sample of experimental data to reveal to the intending practitioner of training—whether in industry, in sport, in the defense services or other fields—that awareness of experimental findings must be paralleled by competence in analyzing tasks in order to determine how and where any particular principles may reasonably be applied. The book begins with an introductory chapter on the evaluation of training, experiments on training, limitations of training, and training problems. This is followed by separate chapters that discuss how trainers can influence the course of learning by manipulating knowledge of results; methods for minimizing errors in early learning; visual training methods; the use of words and actions in training; and the importance of practice in learning. Subsequent chapters cover the transfer of training; automatic teaching, or ""programmed instruction""; and recommendations for trainers.

  • Melatonin: Current Status and Perspectives

    Proceedings of an International Symposium on Melatonin, Held in Bremen, Federal Republic of Germany, September 28-30, 1980
    • 1 Edición
    • N. Birau + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Advances in the Biosciences, Volume 29: Melatonin – Current Status and Perspectives is a compilation of papers by different authors presented in the Proceedings of an International Symposium on Melatonin, held in Bremen, Federal Republic of Germany on September 28-30, 1980. This volume is divided into six parts, wherein the first part covers the testing methods of melatonin; the use of the status of assay methods of melatonin; and related studies. Part 2 tracks the developments in melatonin histophysiology, with attempts to clarify cytological aspects of the indoleamine secretory process in the pineal gland; melatonin production by extra-pineal tissues; and other relationships with the pineal gland. Part 3 focuses on advances in melatonin physiology from hypothetical evolutionary function; the biochemistry and pharmacology of melatonin; to melatonin and pigment cell rhythmicity. Part 4 shows the progress made in molecular endocrinology, while Part 5 presents the results of human melatonin research and covers melatonin serum in humans. The last part is comprised of additional papers that are not classified in the former categories: studies of the effects of light on human plasma melatonin; the role of the environmental factors; and the histology melatonin localized in the salivary glands of the rat palate. This compilation of papers is intended for biochemists, neuroscientists, and researchers in the fields of endocrinology, human genetics, and pharmaceutical chemistry.

  • Anticipatory Systems

    Philosophical, Mathematical and Methodological Foundations
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 1
    • Robert Rosen
    • G. Klir
    • Inglés
    The first detailed study of this most important class of systems which contain internal predictive models of themselves and/or of their environments and whose predictions are utilized for purposes of present control. This book develops the basic concept of a predictive model, and shows how it can be embedded into a system of feedforward control. Includes many examples and stresses analogies between wired-in anticipatory control and processes of learning and adaption, at both individual and social levels. Shows how the basic theory of such systems throws a new light both on analytic problems (understanding what is going on in an organism or a social system) and synthetic ones (developing forecasting methods for making individual or collective decisions).

  • Preferred Orientation in Deformed Metal and Rocks

    An introduction to Modern Texture Analysis
    • 1 Edición
    • Hans Rudolf Wenk
    • Inglés
    This volume provides an introduction to the texture analysis of deformed materials and explores methods of determining and interpreting the preferred orientation of crystals in deformed polycrystalline aggregates.**The book reviews: 1) the techniques, procedures, and theoretical basis for the accumulation and analysis of orientation data; 2)the processes by which polycrystals deform and the microstructural mechanisms responsible for the development of the preferred orientation; 3) the textures in specific systems and application of principles to the solution of specific problems.**With a combination of metallurgic and geologic applications, Preferred Orientation in Deformed Metals and Rocks: An Introduction to Modern Texture Analysis will be an important source book for students and researchers in materials science, solid state physics, structural geology, and geophysics.**FROM THE PREFACE: Determination and interpretation of the preferred orientation of crystals in deformed polycrystalline aggregates (in this volume also referred to as texture) has been of longstanding concern to both materials scientists and geologists. A similar theoretical background--such as the dislocation theory of crystal plasticity--has been the basis of understanding flow in metals and rocks; and similar determinative techniques--includin... microscopy and x-ray diffraction--have been used to study textures and microstructures. Whereas many of the fundamental principles have been established early this century by scientists such as Jeffery, Sachs, Sander, Schmid, Schmidt, and Taylor, only in recent years has knowledge reached a level that provides a quantitative framework which has replaced a largely phenomenological approach. This is expressed in the sudden new emphasis on textural studies, as documented by the large number of recent publications.**This volume contains material to serve as an introduction for those who wish to enter this field as well as reviews for those who are already engaged in advanced research....**The book is divided into three parts. The first (Chapters 2*b17) deals with techniques, procedures, and theoretical bases for the accumulation and analysis of orientation data. The second (Chapters 8*b112) introduces processes by which polycrystals deform and the microstructural mechanisms responsible for the development of the preferred orientation. All those chapters emphasize basic principles and apply to metals as well as to minerals. The third part (Chapters 13*b126) illustrates textures in specific systems and the application of the principles set out in the earlier chapters to the solution of specific problems. Readers of these chapters will quickly become aware that metals have been more exhaustively studied than minerals; but they will also realize that, because of their structural symmetry, metals are in general much simpler than rocks and that the intepretation of metal textures is less involved. An extensive list of relevant references provides access to much of the original literature on textures....

  • Inside the Whale

    Ten Personal Accounts of Social Research
    • 1 Edición
    • Colin Bell + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Inside the Whale: Ten Personal Accounts of Social Research compiles 10 papers studying different topics and reflections on social research. The first paper gives an insight into pursuing a career on social research, which is followed by a paper discussing powers in the society. Then, a paper describes an attempt to reform some Australian housing and banking processes. Topics on accepting social research consultancies in the 1970s; researching academic women; and assessment of social change on Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea are then presented. The remaining papers are devoted to reflections and reactions to a community study, Bradstow, and to the methods of doing social research. This book is best for sociologists, as well as to students and experts in the field and related disciplines.

  • Stellar Formation

    International Series in Natural Philosophy, Volume 97
    • 1 Edición
    • V C Reddish
    • D. Ter Haar
    • Inglés
    Stellar Formation focuses on the properties, distributions, characteristics, and formation of stars and galaxies. The manuscript first offers information on locations of star formation, as well as the distribution of interstellar gas, clouds, and globules; spatial relationships between young stars and interstellar matter; and distribution of young stars. The book also tackles frequency distribution of stellar masses and aggregates of stars. The text ponders on the frequency distribution of cloud masses, rate and environment of star formation, and cloud structure in the interstellar gas. The publication also examines the fragmentation of clouds into protostars and the frequency distribution of protostar masses, rate of formation of stars, and evolution of galaxies. Discussions focus on random fragmentation, gravitational turbulence, and fragmentation induced by molecule formation. The manuscript is a vital reference for scientists and readers interested in stellar formation.

  • Tables of Coefficients for the Analysis of Triple Angular Correlations of Gamma-Rays from Aligned Nuclei

    • 1 Edición
    • G. Roland Kaye + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Tables of Coefficients for the Analysis of Triple Angular Correlations of Gamma-Rays from Aligned Nuclei presents illustrations and discussions of such tables. The book discusses direction-direction triple correlation measurements as well as polarization-directi... correlation measurements. The text also covers integral and half-integral tables. Lecturers and students of physics will find the book invaluable.

  • Quantitative Sociology

    International Perspectives on Mathematical and Statistical Modeling
    • 1 Edición
    • H.M. Blalock
    • Inglés
    Quantitative Sociology: International Perspective on Mathematical and Statistical Modeling presents diverse mathematical modeling procedures involving different strategies for understanding sociology. This book is organized into three parts encompassing 22 chapters that also describe meta-mathematical models suggesting general ways of conceptualizing or expressing phenomena in mathematical or logical languages. Part I deals with the diachronic process analysis, causation of conditional probabilities, and graph-theoretical formulations. Part II highlights the different fields of applied statistics, including experimental designs, survey sampling and panel designs, multivariate analysis, econometrics, multiple classification analysis, and other approaches to data analysis and measurement. This part also treats the elimination of distortions or artifacts of various kinds, such as sampling errors or biases stemming from faulty designs, measurement errors, or incorrectly specified equations. Part III explores other mathematical models for a deductive or semideductive system containing axioms, definitions, and theorems that may then be examined both in terms of internal consistency using mathematical reasoning and their ability to explain real-world phenomena. This book is of value to sociologists, applied and statistical mathematicians, and researchers.

  • Social Policy and Its Administration

    A Survey of the Australian Literature 1950-1975
    • 1 Edición
    • Joanna Monie + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Social Policy and Its Administration contains an index of literature that defines the output created by social scientists for the welfare of human beings. This literary survey originates out of the need to present a comprehensive bibliographic work. The book covers areas that encompass the concept social policy. Topics such as the standards in social welfare services are also the focus of the book. The book traces the beginning of social science and the major proponents of the subject. The improvements made on the field are also enumerated and the countries that contributed to the progress of society are named in the book. Social revolutions such as the liberation of women and the abolishment of servitude as well as the transition from colonial status to political independence are discussed in the book. The text will be a useful tool for sociologists, historians, students, and researchers in the field of political science.

  • Evolution

    Evolution
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 10
    • E. R. Trueman + 1 más
    • Inglés
    FROM THE GENERAL PREFACE: This multivolume work, The Mollusca, had its origins in the mid 1960s with the publication of two volumes entitled Physiology of Mollusca and edited by Wilbur and Yonge. In those volumes, 27 authors collaborated to summarize the status of the conventional topics of physiology as well as biochemistry, reproduction and development, and ecology. Within the past two decades, there has been a remarkable burgeoning of molluscan research generally and with it the development of new fields of investigation. During the same period, several excellent books on molluscs have appeared. However, they do not provide adequate information on the many recent advances or give the breadth of perspective of current knowledge of the phylum. Clearly, there was need for a larger work with a comprehensive treatment of major areas of molluscan research. The Mollusca, as a series of 12 volumes, attempts to fulfill this objective. Even here, practical considerations have meant that certain aspects of molluscan research have not been included.Each major area is treated by several authors, each reviewing his or her special field. The areas are structure and function, metabolic biochemistry, molecular biomechanics, environmental biochemistry, physiology, ecology, reproduction and development, neurobiology and behavior, and evolution. Throughout, the authors have given emphasis to recent advances and present status of molluscan biology. In so doing, directions of future research have become evident.The Mollusca is intended to serve several disciplines--zoology... biochemistry, physiology, and paleontology. It will prove useful to researchers and to all others with interests in molluscs.FROM THE PREFACE TO VOLUME 10: Recent events that have stimulated a great surge of investigation into the evolution of the Mollusca include the discovery of well-preserved microscopic molluscs at most levels of the Cambrian on five continents, the development of electron microscopy, the need to examine competing models of the early history of the phylum, new interest in interstitial fauna of littoral and near-littoral sands, and significant advances in our knowledge of shell ontogeny, construction, and evolution. It is timely that an up-to-date synthesis involving both paleontologists and zoologists should be published after a decade of such activity and advance when many of the long-held views on molluscan phylogeny have been overturned.This book deals with all molluscan classes except the Cephalopoda, which will be treated in Volume 12. The two books together provide an up-to-date introduction to the evolution of the Mollusca with adequate references to guide further work. They will be invaluable to specialists on molluscs, postgraduate research workers, and undergraduates with particular interests in this phylum. Authorities on the various molluscan groups were asked to express their views and to treat the subject as they wished; the book provides a valuable record of their opinions at this time.While the main groups are broadly and fully treated, focus has been narrowed toward a few selected minor groups of particular interest such as limpets, land snails, and the Anomalodesmata, in which recent work has been particularly significant.Because recent years have seen major revisions in classificatory terms, the editors have provided an outline classification into which the chapter topics fit.

  • The Independence of Credit Rating Agencies

    How Business Models and Regulators Interact
    • 1 Edición
    • Gianluca Mattarocci
    • Inglés
    The Independence of Credit Rating Agencies focuses on the institutional and regulatory dynamics of these agencies, asking whether their business models give them enough independence to make viable judgments without risking their own profitability. Few have closely examined the analytical methods of credit rating agencies, even though their decisions can move markets, open or close the doors to capital, and bring down governments. The 2008 financial crisis highlighted their importance and their shortcomings, especially when they misjudged the structured financial products that precipitated the collapse of Bear Stearns and other companies. This book examines the roles played by rating agencies during the financial crisis, illuminating the differences between U.S. and European rating markets, and also considers subjects such as the history of rating agencies and the roles played by smaller agencies to present a well-rounded portrait.

  • Lexical Ambiguity Resolution

    Perspective from Psycholinguistics, Neuropsychology and Artificial Intelligence
    • 1 Edición
    • Steven L. Small + 2 más
    • Inglés
    The most frequently used words in English are highly ambiguous; for example, Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary lists 94 meanings for the word "run" as a verb alone. Yet people rarely notice this ambiguity. Solving this puzzle has commanded the efforts of cognitive scientists for many years. The solution most often identified is "context": we use the context of utterance to determine the proper meanings of words and sentences. The problem then becomes specifying the nature of context and how it interacts with the rest of an understanding system. The difficulty becomes especially apparent in the attempt to write a computer program to understand natural language. Lexical ambiguity resolution (LAR), then, is one of the central problems in natural language and computational semantics research.A collection of the best research on LAR available, this volume offers eighteen original papers by leading scientists. Part I, Computer Models, describes nine attempts to discover the processes necessary for disambiguation by implementing programs to do the job. Part II, Empirical Studies, goes into the laboratory setting to examine the nature of the human disambiguation mechanism and the structure of ambiguity itself.A primary goal of this volume is to propose a cognitive science perspective arising out of the conjunction of work and approaches from neuropsychology, psycholinguistics, and artificial intelligence--thereb... encouraging a closer cooperation and collaboration among these fields.Lexical Ambiguity Resolution is a valuable and accessible source book for students and cognitive scientists in AI, psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, or theoretical linguistics.

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