Surfactants: Chemistry, Interfacial Properties, Applications

Chapter headings. Selected papers. Chemistry of Surfactants. Nonionic surfactants. Anionic surfactants. Cationic surfactants. Amphoteric and Zwitterionic surfactants. Structure/performance relations in surfactants.Thermodynamics of Adsorption of Surfactants at the Fluid Interfaces. Chemical potentials of surface layers. Interfacial layer model. Mixtures of non-ionic surfactants. Mixtures of ionic surfactants. Surface layers of surfactants able to change orientation. Aggregation of adsorbing molecules. Adsorption of proteins and protein/surfactant mixtures. Penetration thermodynamics. Effect of temperature on the surface tension of surfactant solutions. Equilibrium Adsorption Properties of Single and Mixed Surfactant Solutions.Theoretical models for individual surfactant solutions. Non-ionic and amphoteric surfactants. Ionic surfactants. General features of the adsorption of individual surfactants. Mixtures of non-ionic surfactants. Mixtures of ionic surfactants. Simple model for mixed surfactant solutions. Dynamics of Adsorption from Solutions.General models for adsorption kinetics and relaxations of surfactants. Diffusion controlled adsorption kinetics. Non-diffusional kinetics and mixed models. Non-diffusional kinetics and mixed models. Interfacial relaxations. Experimental techniques. Experimental results on adsorption kinetics. Experimental results on interfacial relaxations. Penetration kinetics experiments.Adsorption from Micellar Solutions.Theory of micellisation. Equilibrium surface properties of micellar solutions. Micellisation kinetics. Diffusion in micellar solutions. Dynamic surface tension of micellar solutions. Dynamic surface elasticity of micellar solutions. Capillary wave studies of micellar solutions. Theory and Practical Application Aspects of Surfactants.Physicochemical bases of surfactant application. Physicochemical bases of surfactant application. Surfactants and control of emulsion properties. Surfactants in multiphase dispersed systems. The use of surfactants to meet the needs of man. Surfactants and civilisation development. Surfactants in novel technologies. Surfactants and environment. Software Tools to Interpret the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Surfactant Adsorption. Features common to all programs. IsoFit. NonIonMix. IonMix. WardTordai.