Workbook for Bushong’s Radiologic Science for Technologists

PART I: RADIOLOGIC PHYSICS

1: Essential Concepts of Radiologic Science
Worksheet 1-1: Nature of Our Surroundings Matter and Energy Sources of Ionizing Radiation
Worksheet 1-2: Discovery of X-Rays Development of Medical Imaging
Worksheet 1-3: Reports of Radiation Injury Basic Radiation Protection The Medical Imaging Team
Worksheet 1-4: Numeric Prefixes
Worksheet 1-5: Radiologic Units

2: Basic Physics Primer
Worksheet 2-1: Standard Units of Measurement
Worksheet 2-2: Newton’s Laws
Worksheet 2-3: Mechanics

3: The Structure of Matter
Worksheet 3-1: Centuries of Discovery
Worksheet 3-2: Fundamental Particles Atomic Structure
Worksheet 3-3: Atomic Nomenclature Combinations of Atoms
Worksheet 3-4: Radioactivity
Worksheet 3-5: Types of Ionizing Radiation

4: Electromagnetic Energy
Worksheet 4-1: Photons
Worksheet 4-2: Electromagnetic Spectrum
Worksheet 4-3: Wave-Particle Duality
Worksheet 4-4: Inverse Square Law
Worksheet 4-5: X-Ray Photons
Worksheet 4-6: Matter and Energy

5: Electricity, Magnetism, and Electromagnetism
Worksheet 5-1: Electrostatics
Worksheet 5-2: Electrodynamics
Worksheet 5-3: Alternating and Direct Currents
Worksheet 5-4: Magnetism
Worksheet 5-5: Electromagnetic Effect Electromagnetic Induction
Worksheet 5-6: Electromagnetic Devices
Worksheet 5-7: The Transformer

PART II: X-RADIATION

6: The X-Ray Imaging System
Worksheet 6-1: Operating Console Control of Kilovolt Peak (kVp)
Worksheet 6-2: Operating Console Control of Milliamperage (mA)
Worksheet 6-3: Operating Console Exposure Timers
Worksheet 6-4: High-Voltage Generator High-Voltage Generation
Worksheet 6-5: High-Voltage Generator Rectification

7: The X-Ray Tube
Worksheet 7-1: Internal Components The X-Ray Tube Cathode
Worksheet 7-2: Internal Components The X-Ray Tube Anode
Worksheet 7-3: X-Ray Tube Failure X-Ray Tube Rating Charts

8: X-Ray Production
Worksheet 8-1: Electron-Target Interactions Characteristic Radiation
Worksheet 8-2: Electron-Target Interactions Bremsstrahlung Radiation
Worksheet 8-3: X-Ray Emission Spectrum
Worksheet 8-4: X-Ray Emission Spectrum Minimum Wavelength
Worksheet 8-5: X-Ray Emission Spectrum Factors That Affect the X-Ray Emission Spectrum

9: X-Ray Emission
Worksheet 9-1: X-Ray Emission X-Ray Quantity
Worksheet 9-2: X-Ray Emission X-Ray Quality
Worksheet 9-3: X-Ray Emission Half-Value Layer
Worksheet 9-4: X-Ray Emission Filtration

10: X-Ray Interaction With Matter
Worksheet 10-1: X-Ray Interaction With Matter Compton Effect
Worksheet 10-2: X-Ray Interaction With Matter Photoelectric Effect
Worksheet 10-3: X-Ray Interaction With Matter Differential Absorption/Atomic Number
Worksheet 10-4: X-Ray Interaction With Matter Differential Absorption/Mass Density

PART III: X-RAY IMAGING

11: Computed Radiography
Worksheet 11-1: Computed Radiography Image Receptor
Worksheet 11-2: Computed Radiography Reader

12: Digital Radiography
Worksheet 12-1: Direct Radiography

13: Digital Radiographic Technique
Worksheet 13-1: Spatial Resolution
Worksheet 13-2: Contrast Resolution Contrast Detail

14: Image Acquisition
Worksheet 14-1: Exposure Time
Worksheet 14-2: Adjusting for Change in Distance
Worksheet 14-3: Characteristics of the Imaging System
Worksheet 14-4: Magnification Radiography

15: Scatter Radiation
Worksheet 15-1: Production of Scatter Radiation
Worksheet 15-2: Control of Scatter Radiation
Worksheet 15-3: Radiographic Grids
Worksheet 15-4: Measuring Grid Performance
Worksheet 15-5: Types of Grids Use of Grids Grid Selection

16: Digital Image Descriptors and Evaluation
Worksheet 16-1: Image Descriptors
Worksheet 16-2: Image Quality Tools

17: Radiographic Artifacts
Worksheet 17-1: Digital Radiographic Artifacts

PART IV: ADVANCED MEDICAL IMAGING

18: Mammography
Worksheet 18-1: Mammography
Worksheet 18-2: Quality Control Team Quality Control Program

19: Fluoroscopy
Worksheet 19-1: Image Intensification
Worksheet 19-2: Image Monitoring
Worksheet 19-3: Digital Fluoroscopy

20: Interventional Radiology
Worksheet 20-1: Types of Procedures Basic Principles IR Suite

21: Computed Tomography
Worksheet 21-1: Principles of Operation of CT
Worksheet 21-2: CT Image Characteristics Image Quality Quality Control
Worksheet 21-3: Operational CT Modes

22: Tomosynthesis
Worksheet 22-1: Digital Radiographic Tomosynthesis
Worksheet 22-2: Conventional Tomography

PART V: MEDICAL IMAGE DISPLAY

23: Patient-Image Optimization
Worksheet 23-1: Patient Factors
Worksheet 23-2: Image Quality Factors
Worksheet 23-3: Distortion
Worksheet 23-4: Improving Radiographic Quality

24: Viewing the Medical Image
Worksheet 24-1: Photometric Quantities

25: Medical Image Informatics
Worksheet 25-1: Electronic Programs

26: Digital Display Device
Worksheet 26-1: Digital Display Device Performance Assessment
Worksheet 26-2: Digital Display Quality Control

PART VI: THE MEDICAL IMAGE

27: Imaging Science
Worksheet 27-1: Computer Applications
Worksheet 27-2: Computer Applications within Radiology

28: Artificial Intelligence
Worksheet 28-1: Artificial Intelligence

29: Quantum Computing
Worksheet 29-1: Evolution from Classical Physics to Quantum Mechanics

30: Image Perception
Worksheet 30-1: Digital Image Perception
Worksheet 30-2: Receiver Operating Characteristics Curves

PART VII: RADIOBIOLOGY

31: Human Biology
Worksheet 31-1: Human Radiation Response Composition of the Body
Worksheet 31-2: Cell Theory
Worksheet 31-3: Human Cells Tissues and Organs

32: Fundamental Principles of Radiobiology
Worksheet 32-1: Law of Bergonié and Tribondeau Physical Factors That Affect Radiosensitivity
Worksheet 32-2: Biologic Factors That Affect Radiosensitivity Radiation Dose-Response Relationships

33: Molecular Radiobiology
Worksheet 33-1: Molecular Radiobiology

34: Cellular Radiobiology
Worksheet 34-1: Cellular Radiobiology

35: Deterministic Effects of Radiation
Worksheet 35-1: Acute Radiation Lethality Local Tissue Damage
Worksheet 35-2: Hematologic Effects Cytogenetic Effects

36: Stochastic Effects of Radiation
Worksheet 36-1: Local Tissue Effects Life Span Shortening Risk Estimates
Worksheet 36-2: Radiation-Induced Malignancy Total Risk of Malignancy Radiation and Pregnancy

PART VIII: RADIATION PROTECTION

37: Health Physics
Worksheet 37-1: Cardinal Principles of Radiation Protection Dose Limits

38: Designing for Radiation Protection
Worksheet 38-1: Design of X-Ray Apparatus Design of Protective Barriers
Worksheet 38-2: Radiation Detection and Measurement

39: Radiography/Fluoroscopy Patient Radiation Dose
Worksheet 39-1: Patient Radiation Dose Reduction of Unnecessary Patient Dose

40: Computed Tomography Patient Radiation Dose
Worksheet 40-1: CT Patient Radiation Dose

41: Patient Radiation Dose Management
Worksheet 41-1: Patient Radiation Dose Management

42: Occupational Radiation Dose Management
Worksheet 42-1: Occupational Radiation Dose Management