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Elsevier

Libros en Ciencias Agrícolas y Biológicas

The Agricultural and Biological Sciences collection advances science-based knowledge for the improvement of animal and plant life and for secure food systems that produce nutritious, novel, sustainable foods with minimal environmental impact. Food Science titles include not only those products from agriculture but all other aspects from food production to nutrition, health and safety, chemistry to security, policy, law and regulation. Biological Sciences address animal behaviour and biodiversity, organismal and evolutionary biology, entomology, marine biology and aquaculture, plant science and forestry.

  • The International Timber Trade

    • 1 Edición
    • Tim Peck
    • Inglés
    Wood and wood products are essential to large areas of the world economy and yet there has until now been no single definitive reference source to which those new to or requiring a strategic overview of the industry could turn for a comprehensive picture of the market chain from forest to consumer. The international timber trade provides a detailed overview of the entire timber and timber products business.It is arranged in three sections:Chapters 1 to 3 provide a background starting with an historical perspective, an overview of the worldwide forest resource and going to examine the properties of wood, types of products, trends in production and consumption and uses.Chapters 4,5 and 6 examine the role of wood industries and wood products in the global economy and provide an overview of world trade both by commodity groups and by country, as well as a detailed analysis of the main trading patterns and the trends, both at the inter-continental and inter-regional levels.The third section, chapters 7 to 10, looks at the structure of trade, market and market-related features, environmental factors such as forestry management, sustainability and certification, waste and recycling and energy and climate change, as well as offering an outlook for the industry in the 21st century.Written by one of the leading international authorities on the timber trade, The international timber trade is essential reading for a wide range of interested groups including managers in the timber industry and trade, the financial community with interests in the sector, academics and students in forestry management and related studies, government agencies and their advisers in helping to develop policies for the sector and international trade, and finally those working in international development organisations and in national and international non-governmental bodies.

  • Radio Tracking and Animal Populations

    • 1 Edición
    • Joshua Millspaugh + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Radio Tracking and Animal Populations is a succinct synthesis of emerging technologies and their applications to the empirical and theoretical problems of population assessment. The book is divided into sections designed to encompass the various aspects of animal ecology that may be evaluated using radiotelemetry technology - experimental design, equipment and technology, animal movement, resource selection, and demographics. Wildlife biologists at the leading edge of new developments in the technology and its application have joined forces.

  • Auditing in the Food Industry

    From Safety and Quality to Environmental and Other Audits
    • 1 Edición
    • M Dillon + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The food industry faces an unprecedented level of scrutiny. Consumers are not only concerned with the safety and quality of food products but also the way in which they are produced. At the same time the food industry has developed new ways of assuring appropriate standards for its products and their methods of production, developing systems such as TQM and HACCP to identify and manage key steps in production. These new methods require new skills in auditing. Auditing in the food industry provides an authoritative guide to the range of standards and the auditing skills they demand.Part one sets the scene with an introductory chapter reviewing developments in standards affecting the food industry. There then follows chapters on how retailers audit their suppliers and how governments have moved from a traditional inspection role to one of 'regulatory verification' with its emphasis on auditing the robustness of a business's own systems for managing safety and quality.Part two examines the key aspects of safety and quality. A first chapter reviews the ways retailers assess supplier HACCP systems. There is then a chapter reviewing TQM systems that provides a context for a discussion of auditing techniques for HACCP-based quality systems. A final chapter looks at standards governing the analytical methods used in safety and quality control.Part three considers newer standards that are becoming increasingly important in the food industry. There are chapters on benchmarking an organisation against others as a way of improving performance, auditing the impact of food processing operations on the environment and auditing organic food processing.Auditing in the food industry is a valuable guide to the range of standards facing the food industry and the ways it can audit, and thus improve the quality of its performance.

  • Advances in Insect Physiology

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 28
    • Inglés
    Advances in Insect Physiology is committed to publishing eclectic volumes containing comprehensive and in-depth reviews on all aspects of insect physiology. First published in 1963, it is an essential reference source for invertebrate physiologists and neurobiologists, entomologists, zoologists, and insect biochemists.In 1999, the Institute for Scientific Information released figures showing that Advances in Insect Physiology has an Impact Factor of 4.5, placing it second in the highly competitive category of Entomology.

  • Introduction to Food Engineering

    • 3 Edición
    • R. Paul Singh + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Food engineering is a required class in food science programs, as outlined by the Institute for Food Technologists (IFT). The concepts and applications are also required for professionals in food processing and manufacturing to attain the highest standards of food safety and quality.The third edition of this successful textbook succinctly presents the engineering concepts and unit operations used in food processing, in a unique blend of principles with applications. The authors use their many years of teaching to present food engineering concepts in a logical progression that covers the standard course curriculum. Each chapter describes the application of a particular principle followed by the quantitative relationships that define the related processes, solved examples, and problems to test understanding.

  • Extrusion Cooking

    Technologies and Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • R Guy
    • Inglés
    Extrusion cooking is an ideal method for manufacturing a number of food products from snacks and breakfast cereals to baby foods. However, as a complex multivariate process it requires careful control if product quality is to be maintained. Edited by a leading authority in the field, and with an international team of contributors, this important collection reviews the key factors affecting quality and how they can be controlled in manufacturing a range of extruded products.The first part of Extrusion Cooking</> looks at general influences on quality. There are chapters on the selection of raw materials, criteria for selecting the right extruder, analysing and optimising thermal performance in extrusion cooking, and effective process control. There is also an important chapter on maintaining nutritional quality in extruded products.The second part of the book looks at the application of extrusion in particular product groups. Each chapter examines the range of extruded products within the product group, the specific production issues and future trends. It also includes chapters on key products such as breakfast cereals, snack foods and baby foods.Extrusion cooking will be widely welcomed as a major reference in maximising the quality of extruded products.

  • Insect Timing

    Circadian Rhythmicity to Seasonality
    • 1 Edición
    • D.L. Denlinger + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Leading experts in the field bring together diverse aspects of insect timing mechanisms. This work combines three topics that are central to the understanding of biological timing in insects: circadian rhythms, photoperiodism, and diapause. The common theme underlining each of the contributions to this book is an understanding of the timing of events in the insect life cycle. Most daily activities (emergence, feeding, mating, egg laying, etc.) undertaken by insects occur at precise times each day. Likewise, seasonal events such as the entry into or termination from an overwintering dormancy (diapause) occur at distinct times of the year. This book documents such events and provides an up-to-date interpretation of the molecular and physiological events undergirding these activities.The study of circadian rhythms has undergone a flowering in recent years with the molecular dissection of the components of the circadian clock. Now that many of the clock genes have been identified it is possible to track daily patterns of clock-related mRNAs and proteins to link the entraining light cycles with molecular oscillations within the cell. Insect experiments have led the way in demonstrating that the concept of a "master clock" can no longer be used to explain the temporal organization within an animal. Insects have a multitude of cellular clocks that can function independently and retain their function under organ culture conditions, and they thus offer a premier system for studying how the hierarchical organization of clocks results in the overall temporal organization of the animal. Photoperiodism, and its most obvious manifestation, diapause, does not yet have the molecular underpinning that has been established for circadian rhythms, but recent studies are beginning to identify genes that appear to be involved in the regulation of diapause. Overall, the book presents the rich diversity of challenges and opportunities provided by insects for the study of timing mechanisms.

  • Handbook of Vegetable Pests

    • 1 Edición
    • John Capinera
    • Inglés
    Garden pests plague everyone who has ever raised vegetables, from backyard gardener to professional horticulturists, farm managers, and agrobusiness professionals. The economic impacts of vegetable pests are enormous. To manage and minimize the adverse impacts of pests, it is important to identify exactly which pests are afflicting crops. The Handbook of Vegetable Pests is intended to assist anyone in need of an easy-to-use, and yet comprehensive, survey of all pests likely to be encountered in North America. This Handbook provides thorough identification guides, descriptions of pest life history, and pest management recommendations. The text is well illustrated with hundreds of easy-to-use line drawings, is cross-referenced to the professional and scientific literature, and includes color plates for ease of insect pest identification. Every gardener, horticulturalist, farm manager, and plant science professional should have this Handbook as a ready desk reference.

  • EU Food Law

    A Practical Guide
    • 1 Edición
    • K Goodburn
    • Inglés
    Given its fragmented development, EU food law can be seen as both complex and confusing. With its distinguished team of contributors, EU food law highlights the key issues so those non-specialists can understand the legislation and what it means for them. It is designed to help readers ask the right questions when developing and marketing products in the European Union, and to provide answers to those questions.The book begins with an overview of the development of EU food law, and then describes the main institutions involved in framing food legislation and the legislative process. This discussion is designed to provide a context for the chapters on specific aspects of EU food law that follow. Part one there are a series of chapters on legislation controlling food safety, ranging from the way food products are manufactured (hygiene and the control of contaminants) to food composition and packaging (additives and food contact materials). Part two considers how EU food law ensures that consumers are properly informed about the food products they buy. There are chapters on labelling, nutrition information, the increasingly important area of health claims, and the handling of foods for particular nutritional purposes. Part three of the book contains two case studies illustrating how these various strands of EU food law impact in practice on a particular food product, looking at both an established food ingredient and the emerging area of functional foods.EU food law provides an authoritative introduction and guide to a complex subject. It will be widely welcomed by all those designing food products for and selling food products in the European Union.

  • Food Process Modelling

    • 1 Edición
    • L M M Tijskens + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Food process modelling provides an authoritative review of one of the most exciting and influential developments in the food industry. The modelling of food processes allows analysts not only to understand such processes more clearly but also to control them more closely and make predictions about them. Modelling thus aids the search for greater and more consistent food quality. Written by a distinguished international team of experts, Food process modelling covers both the range of modelling techniques and their practical applications across the food chain.

  • Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables

    Development and Control
    • 1 Edición
    • R. Barkai-Golan
    • Inglés
    Focusing on the great variety of research being done in the field of postharvest pathology, this volume presents a collection of topics concerning the diseases of harvested fruits and vegetables.Each chapter represents a separate unit which taken together create a better understanding of the whole subject. Topics include the causal agents of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables, their sources and their ways of penetration into the host; factors that may accelerate the development of the pathogen in the host - and those that suppress them; a list of the main pathogens of fruits and vegetables, their hosts and the diseases elicited by them; and a detailed description of the major diseases of selected groups of fruits and solanaceous vegetable fruits. Attack mechanisms of pathogens and defense mechanisms of the host are examined as are treatments aimed at suppressing postharvest diseases. The search for natural and safe chemical compounds and the variety of alternative physical and biological methods for use in postharvest disease control are emphasized.Teachers and students who focus on postharvest pathology, scientists in research institutes, companies dealing with fruit and vegetable preservation technologies and for all those striving to improve the quality of harvested fruits and vegetables will find this book of great interest.

  • Herpetology

    An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles
    • 2 Edición
    • Laurie J. Vitt + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Herpetology, Second Edition has been thoroughly revised. The text has been reorganized, new chapters have been added, new text references have been inserted. All this plus new color systematics sections will maintain this book as THE leading textbook on the biology of amphibians and reptiles. The book will also showcase reptiles and amphibians as model systems in conceptual areas of biology. Such a text will help integrate herpetology as a discipline into conceptually oriented undergraduate programs. The book should also appeal to a large audience of sophisticated lay people interested in reptiles and amphibians.

  • The International Spirits Industry

    • 1 Edición
    • John Wakely
    • Inglés
    Although consumption of spirits on a global scale is vast, the spirits industry derives its profits from a relatively small number of countries and product lines. This valuable book provides an overview of all aspects of the industry, covering all major categories of spirits, and contains a wealth of information on trading statistics, regulations and consumption patterns. It discusses the challenges facing the giant companies, profiling the leading companies in detail, and assesses whether their structure is appropriate to long-term success in the industry.The international spirits industry offers the most comprehensive picture currently available of the dynamics and structure of this fascinating business and shows:How spirits fit into the global business in alcoholic beveragesWhy the image and popular perception of the alcohol business is so importantHow health concerns are likely to affect the future of the businessHow spirits are produced, regulated, distributed and taxedHow consumption patterns are changing and why women are becoming more important to the industryWhat strategies companies can adopt for building brandsHow profitable the industry is and how the major players are adapting themselves to new challenges such as the InternetDespite the age of alcohol production, the business is in a state of flux with little agreement as to its future. This book provides a valuable insight into this changeable situation and is a unique resource for analysts and economists and all those involved in the production, distribution and sales of spirits worldwide.

  • Production Rights in European Agriculture

    • 1 Edición
    • D. Barthelemy + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Rather than simply cataloging the various interpretations of European regulations by Member States, this international team examines the economic priorities, the legal bases, the social norms and cultural patterns which come into play, presenting an analytical approach to the study of production rights in European agriculture.This work traces the emergence and the economic and legal content of the different income support tools for agricultural producers, collectively termed 'production rights' and it looks at the foundations of the specific national conceptions underlying the methods of organising agricultural activity.The book is intended for a varied readership: farmers themselves, of course, but also economic, legal and tax consultants, experts, lawyers, notaries, as well as students, teachers and researchers. It has been set out in such a way as to allow readers to move freely from one subject to another, depending on whether their interest lies in economic aspects or legal developments, or whether they are more concerned by certain production rights or by certain features of their own organisation. The goal of the book is to enable the reader to grasp the special features and the significance of the forces which have shaped the current income support instruments for producers in the various Member States of the EU, and which will unquestionably continue to influence the measures which flow from reforms to the Common Agricultural Policy in the years to come.

  • Edible Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 32
    • John M. Lawrence
    • Inglés
    Sea urchins are a major component of marine environments found throughout the world's oceans. A major model for research in developmental biology, they are also of major economic importance in many regions and interest in their management and aquaculture has increased greatly in recent years. This book provides a synthesis of biological and ecological characteristics of sea urchins that are of basic scientific interest and also essential for effective fisheries management and aquaculture. General chapters consider characteristics of sea urchins as a whole. In addition, specific chapters are devoted to the ecology of 17 species that are of major commercial interest and ecological importance.Features include: • A synthesis of what is known about the basic biological characteristics of the sea urchin, useful for the direction of future research. • Case histories of 17 species that illustrate their ecological role in a variety of environments. • With the catastrophic decline in fisheries resulting primarily from over-fishing, it is essential that the populations be managed effectively and that aquaculture be developed. This book provides knowledge of the biology and ecology of the commercially important sea urchins that will contribute to these goals. • The only book available in present literature devoted to sea urchins.With this new title experts provide a broad synthetic treatment and in depth analysis of the biology and ecology of sea urchins from around the world, designed to provide an understanding of the group and the basis for fisheries management and aquaculture.

  • Making the Most of Haccp

    Learning from Others’ Experience
    • 1 Edición
    • T Mayes + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system has now become generally accepted as the key safety management system for the food industry worldwide. Whilst there are numerous publications on its principles and methods of implementation, there are relatively few on the experience of those who have actually implemented HACCP systems in practice and what can be learnt from that experience. Edited by two leading authorities on the subject, and with an international team of contributors, Making the most of HACCP describes that experience and what it can teach about implementing and developing HACCP systems effectively.

  • Terrestrial Global Productivity

    • 1 Edición
    • Jacques Roy + 2 más
    • Inglés
    As the global climate changes, there are concomitant changes in global biological productivity. This book is devoted to the assessment of terrestrial Net Primary Productivity ("the total amount of energy acquired by green plants during photosynthesis, minus the energy lost through respiration"--APDS&a... pp. 1457). The book is comprised of three major sections. The first section is a review of the processes that operate globally to influence productivity--these are the initial conditions of any model of primary productivity. The second section is comprised of chapters that assess the contribution of particular ecosystems to global productivity. The final major section contains chapters of a synthetic nature that describe attempts to model global productivity. This book should appeal to both ecologists and environmental scientists.

  • Food Chemical Safety

    Volume 1: Contaminants
    • 1 Edición
    • David Watson
    • Inglés
    Chemical contaminants in food, from pesticides and veterinary drug residues to contamination from food packaging, are a major concern for the food industry. Written by a distinguished international team of contributors, this authoritative collection describes the main chemical contaminants, their health implications, how they contaminate food products, methods of detection and how such contaminants can be controlled.

  • Biology of the Hard Clam

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 31
    • J.N. Kraeuter + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, is an important commercial, recreational and ecological inhabitant of coastal bays along the east and gulf coasts of the United States. This title represents the first state of the art summary of existing knowledge of the hard clam by experts in various disciplines.Containi... a compendium of literature on the hard clam, comprehensive chapters on various aspects of its biology as well as summaries of knowledge including the gray literature on this economically important species, this volume represents a comprehensive source of biological information for managers and researchers interested in shallow marine and estuarine ecosystems. Research students and managers charged with maintaining coastal ecosystems will also find a wealth of background material.The first synthesis of available information on the mercenaria mercenaria, this title is a response to the needs of individuals involved in hard clam aquaculture and scientists interested in molluscan biology, coastal ocean ecology and similar fields. Over 2300 documents have been synthesized, and chapter authors have added unpublished information as well as new material.

  • Frying

    Improving Quality
    • 1 Edición
    • J B Rossell
    • Inglés
    Frying is one of the oldest and most widely-used of food processes. Its popularity relates to the speed with which a food is cooked, the distinctive flavour and texture frying gives the food and its contribution to increased shelf-life. As a result the process is used for a wide range of vegetable, meat and fish products, particularly ready meals and snack foods.Edited by a leading authority in the field and with a distinguished international team of contributors, Frying provides an authoritative review of key issues in improving quality in the manufacture of fried products. Part one of the book sets the scene by looking at the differing types of fried products and their markets as well as at the regulatory context. It also includes an important discussion of the role of dietary lipids, the impact of frying on lipid intake and its influence on consumer health. Part two looks in detail at frying oils, their composition, the factors affecting frying oil quality and ways of measuring frying oil quality and authenticity. Part three looks at quality issues relating to fried products. There are chapters on two of the main types of fried product: pre-fried potato products such as French fries and the manufacture of potato crisps. Three final chapters look at effective process control of frying operations, flavour development in frying and fried foods and ways of analysing and improving the texture and colour of fried products.Frying oils are the most important common influence on fried product quality. They not only need to withstand the stresses of high temperature in frying but also maintain their quality during subsequent product storage.Frying: improving quality is a standard reference for the food industry and all those concerned with the quality of fried products.

  • Thermal Technologies in Food Processing

    • 1 Edición
    • P Richardson
    • Inglés
    Thermal technologies have long been at the heart of food processing. The application of heat is both an important method of preserving foods and a means of developing texture, flavour and colour. An essential issue for food manufacturers is the effective application of thermal technologies to achieve these objectives without damaging other desirable sensory and nutritional qualities in a food product. Edited by a leading authority in the field, and with a distinguished international team of contributors, Thermal technologies in food processing addresses this major issue.Part one of the collection begins with reviews of conventional retort and continuous heat technologies. Part two then looks at the key issues of effective measurement and control in ensuring that a thermal process is effective whilst minimising any undesirable changes in a food. There are chapters on temperature and pressure measurement, validation of heat processes, modelling and simulation of thermal processes, and the measurement and control of changes in a food during thermal processing. The final part of the book looks at emerging thermal technologies which becoming more widely used in the food industry. There are chapters on radio frequency heating, microwave processing, infrared heating, instant and high-heat infusion, and ohmic heating A final chapter considers how thermal processing may be combined with high pressure processing in producing safe, minimally-processed food products.Thermal technologies in food processing provides food manufacturers and researchers with an authoritative review of thermal processing and food quality.

  • Baking Problems Solved

    • 1 Edición
    • Stanley P. Cauvain + 1 más
    • Inglés
    When things go wrong in the bakery, the pressures of production do not allow time for research into the solution. Solving these baking problems has always been the province of ‘experts’. However, with a methodical approach, keen observation and a suitable reference book then the answers to many bakery problems are straightforward. Baking problems solved is designed to help the busy bakery professional find the information they need quickly. It also enables them to understand the causes and implement solutions. It is arranged in a practical question-and-answer format, with over 200 frequently asked questions. Individual chapters consider the essential raw materials and the main types of bakery products. This book is of invaluable use to all bakery professionals, bakery students, food technologists and product developers.

  • Edible Oleogels

    Structure and Health Implications
    • 1 Edición
    • Alejandro G. Marangoni + 1 más
    • Inglés
    In an effort to provide alternatives to trans and saturated fats, scientists have been busy modifying the physical properties of oils to resemble those of fats. In this fashion, many food products requiring a specific texture and rheology can be made with these novel oil-based materials without causing significant changes to final product quality. The major approach to form these materials is to incorporate specific molecules (polymers, amphiphiles, waxes) into the oil components that will alter the physical properties of the oil so that its fluidity will decrease and the rheological properties will be similar to those of fats. These new oilbased materials are referred to as oil gels, or “oleogels,“ and this emerging technology is the focus of many scientific investigations geared toward helping decrease the incidence of obesity and cardiovascular disease.

  • Silicon in Agriculture

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 8
    • L.E. Datnoff + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Presenting the first book to focus on the importance of silicon for plant health and soil productivity and on our current understanding of this element as it relates to agriculture.Long considered by plant physiologists as a non-essential element, or plant nutrient, silicon was the center of attention at the first international conference on Silicon in Agriculture, held in Florida in 1999.Ninety scientists, growers, and producers of silicon fertilizer from 19 countries pondered a paradox in plant biology and crop science. They considered the element Si, second only to oxygen in quantity in soils, and absorbed by many plants in amounts roughly equivalent to those of such nutrients as sulfur or magnesium. Some species, including such staples as rice, may contain this element in amounts as great as or even greater than any other inorganic constituent. Compilations of the mineral composition of plants, however, and much of the plant physiological literature largely ignore this element. The participants in Silicon in Agriculture explored that extraordinary discrepancy between the silicon content of plants and that of the plant research enterprise.The participants, all of whom are active in agricultural science, with an emphasis on crop production, presented, and were presented with, a wealth of evidence that silicon plays a multitude of functions in the real world of plant life. Many soils in the humid tropics are low in plant available silicon, and the same condition holds in warm to hot humid areas elsewhere. Field experience, and experimentation even with nutrient solutions, reveals a multitude of functions of silicon in plant life. Resistance to disease is one, toleration of toxic metals such as aluminum, another. Silicon applications often minimize lodging of cereals (leaning over or even becoming prostrate), and often cause leaves to assume orientations more favorable for light interception. For some crops, rice and sugarcane in particular, spectacular yield responses to silicon application have been obtained. More recently, other crop species including orchids, daisies and yucca were reported to respond to silicon accumulation and plant growth/disease control. The culture solutions used for the hydroponic production of high-priced crops such as cucumbers and roses in many areas (The Netherlands for example) routinely included silicon, mainly for disease control. The biochemistry of silicon in plant cell walls, where most of it is located, is coming increasingly under scrutiny; the element may act as a crosslinking element between carbohydrate polymers.There is an increased conviction among scientists that the time is at hand to stop treating silicon as a plant biological nonentity. The element exists, and it matters.

  • Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates

    • 2 Edición
    • James H. Thorp + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The First Edition of Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates has been immensely popular with students and researchers interested in freshwater biology and ecology, limnology, environmental science, invertebrate zoology, and related fields. The First Edition has been widely used as a textbook and this Second Edition should continue to serve students in advanced classes. The Second Edition features expanded and updated chapters, especially with respect to the cited references and the classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. New chapters or substantially revised chapters include those on freshwater ecosystems, snails, aquatic spiders, aquatic insects, and crustaceans.

  • Advances in Agronomy

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 73
    • Inglés
    Volume 73 contains 4 reviews on contemporary and important topics in the agronomic sciences. In Chapter 1, "Interactions among Root-Inhabiting Fungi and Their Implications for Biological Control of Root Pathogens," fungi are defined, their distribution and abundance are discussed, and their role in agroecosystems is present. Chapter 2, "Dwarfing Genes in Plant Improvement," discusses advances in the role of dwarfing genes in plant improvement. Emphasis is placed on breeding and genetic aspects. Chapter 3, "A Review of the Effect of N Fertilizer Type on Gaseous Emissions," covers a topic that is of great environmental interest — the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on gaseous emissions. Chapter 4, "Rhizobia in the Field," is a comprehensive review of rhizobia including diversity, systematics, natural populations, and field introduction of rhizobia.

  • Genetically Modified Organisms in Agriculture

    Economics and Politics
    • 1 Edición
    • Gerald C. Nelson
    • Inglés
    Genetically modified crops have become a topic of great interest among scientists, regulators, consumers, farmers, and politicians. Despite their potential benefits, public hostility toward these crops is causing dramatic changes to import/export policies, food safety regulations, and agricultural practices around the world. Genetically Modified Organisms in Agriculture provides a comprehensive overview of the subject and a balanced look at the costs and benefits of GMO products.Part I reviews the scientific, economic, and political issues relating to the use of agricultural GMOs. Chapters cover specific applications, regulatory concerns, import/export patterns, international trade issues, and a discussion of future trends. Part II offers a unique look at all sides of the GMO controversies, with short chapters contributed by leading individuals with widely different perspectives. Part III presents a more in-depth look at selected issues plus helpful reference materials.This book makes the latest information on GMOs accessible to all interested parties, including students, laypeople, scientists, activists, and professionals working in related fields.

  • Advances in Agronomy

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 72
    • Inglés
    Volume 72 contains four outstanding reviews detailing advances in the plant and environmental soil sciences. Chapter 1 deals with a timely and significant topic in North America and indeed in the world. This review provides background information, data sources and analyses, and implications for research and policy. Chapter 2 is a treatise on cutting-edge developments in bioremediation of petroleum-contaminat... soils. Chapter 3 deals with the genetics of flowering time in the chickpea and its effect on productivity in semi-arid environments. Chapter 4 covers environment-sensitiv... genetic male sterility (EGMS) in crops.

  • Antioxidants in Food

    Practical Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • J. Pokorný + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Antioxidants are increasingly important additives in food processing. Their traditional role is, as their name suggests, in inhibiting the development of oxidative rancidity in fat-based foods, particularly meat and dairy products and fried foods. However, more recent research has suggested a new role in inhibiting cardiovascular disease and cancer. Antioxidants in food provides a review of the functional role of antioxidants and discusses how they can be effectively exploited by the food industry.Part one of the book looks at antioxidants and food stability with chapters on the development of oxidative rancidity in foods, methods for inhibiting oxidation and ways of measuring antioxidant activity. Part two looks at antioxidants and health, including chapters on antioxidants and cardiovascular disease, their antitumour properties and bioavailability. A major trend in the food industry, driven by consumer concerns, has been the shift from the use of synthetic to natural ingredients in food products. Part three looks at the range of natural antioxidants available to the food manufacturer. Part four of the book looks at how these natural antioxidants can be effectively exploited, covering such issues as regulation, preparation, antioxidant processing functionality and their use in a range of food products from meat and dairy products frying oils and fried products, to fruit and vegetables and cereal products.Antioxidant... in food is an essential resource for the food industry in making the best use of these important additives.

  • Advances in Marine Biology

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 40
    • Inglés
    Volume 40 is a standard volume with reviews on three wide-ranging topics: parasites found on the Atlantic cod; the biology of mangrove trees and mangrove swamp ecosystems; and structural, histochemical, and functional aspects of the epidermis (skin/outside layer) of fishes.

  • Cereals Processing Technology

    • 1 Edición
    • G. Owens
    • Inglés
    Cereals processing is one of the oldest and most important of all food technologies. Written by a distinguished international team of contributors, this collection reviews the range of cereal products and the technologies used to produce them. It is designed for all those involved in cereals processing, whether raw material producers and refiners needing to match the needs of secondary processors manufacturing the final product for the consumer, or secondary processors benchmarking their operations against best practice in their sector and across cereals processing as a whole.

  • Forest Fires

    Behavior and Ecological Effects
    • 1 Edición
    • Edward A. Johnson
    • Inglés
    Even before the myth of Prometheus, fire played a crucial ecological role around the world. Numerous plant communities depend on fire to generate species diversity in both time and space. Without fire such ecosystems would become sterile monocultures. Recent efforts to prohibit fire in fire dependent communities have contributed to more intense and more damaging fires. For these reasons, foresters, ecologists, land managers, geographers, and environmental scientists are interested in the behavior and ecological effects of fires. This book will be the first to focus on the chemistry and physics of fire as it relates to the ways in which fire behaves and the impacts it has on ecosystem function. Leading international contributors have been recruited by the editors to prepare a didactic text/reference that will appeal to both advanced students and practicing professionals.

  • Biscuit, Cracker and Cookie Recipes for the Food Industry

    • 1 Edición
    • Duncan Manley
    • Inglés
    Duncan Manley has over thirty years' experience in the biscuit industry and during this period has collected recipes and examples of best practice from the leading manufacturers of biscuit, cracker and cookie products throughout the world. In his new book Manley has put together a comprehensive collection of over 150 recipes to provide technologists, managers and product development specialists with a unique and invaluable reference book.Development activity is essential for all companies but it is potentially very expensive. This unique new book will enable research and development staff to benefit from the experiences of other manufacturers in new product development. It also provides an invaluable resource for production managers who wish to investigate improvements and cost reductions for existing lines.The book begins by investigating some of the key variables in effective recipe development. It then presents a series of recipes for hard-dough products such as crispbread and crackers, short-dough biscuits and cookies, extruded and deposited dough products. Further chapters include recipes for sponge biscuits, wafers and secondary processes such as icing and chocolate coating. A final chapter covers the important area of dietetic products, including recipes for reduced fat and sugar biscuits and products for particular groups such as diabetics and babies.Biscuit, cracker and cookie recipes for the food industry provides unparalleled access to best practice in the industry, and a wealth of ideas for product developers and production managers. It will be an essential resource.

  • World Resources 2000-2001

    People and Ecosystems: The Fraying Web of Life
    • 1 Edición
    • C. Rosen
    • Inglés
    World Resources 2000-2001, People and Ecosystems: The Fraying Web of Life focuses on the critical link between ecosystems and people and provides an overview of current global environmental and economic trends using hundreds of indicators in more than 150 countries. Until now there has not been a comprehensive, formalised process to assess human damage to our ecosystems, to establish a baseline for future actions, or to disseminate information that would aid the formulation of better policies world-wide. This book is the first reliable, comprehensive base of evidence for taking stock and taking care of the world's diverse ecosystems.deals with the critical issues that focus on the link between ecosystems and peoplehighlights the goods and services that ecosystems provide and illustrates the benefits of a better understanding and better management of the planet's natural wealthreports on pilot studies by leading scientists and international institutions assessing the state of the world's ecosystems - forests, croplands, grasslands, freshwater systems and coastal areasincreases the understanding of human dependence on natureraises awareness of environmental threatsprovides examples of wise stewardship from all corners of the globefocuses on four main issues: population and human well-being, food and water security, consumption, energy and wastes, trace emissions since the Kyoto protocolgives data tables for more than 150 countriesIt demonstrates the power of information and new digital technologies to transform the way we interact with our environment and is particularly important for environmentalists, scientists, professionals, journalists, policy-makers and students.This special Millennium Edition of the World Resources Institute's biennial report published by Elsevier Science in September 2000 in partnership with the World Resources Institute, the UN Environment Program, the UN Development Programme and the World Bank.NEW FROM APRIL 2001 -http://www.enviromo... and Environmental Modeling - An Interactive Internet Course

  • Phytosfere'99 - Highlights in European Plant Biotechnology Research and Technology Transfer

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 6
    • G.E. de Vries + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Humans face the challenge of producing enough food to meet the demands imposed by economic, biological and agricultural factors: rising population; rising income; and an expectation of higher quality food and a more diverse diet; decreasing amount of land available for food production; lowering environmental impact of agricultural practices and preserving biodiversity.Biotech... is one of the most exciting and dynamic industries of our day. It offers us the possibility of reducing our dependence on intensive farming. Plant biotechnology is central to the search for effective, environmentally safe and economically sound alternatives to the use of chemical pesticides and the exhaustion of natural resources. Today, applied plant science has four overall goals: increased crop yield, improved crop quality, reducing production costs and reducing negative environmental impact. Biotechnology is proving its value in meeting these goals. It offers farmers higher yielding crops with lower costs of production and new outlets such as nutraceuticals and crop-based bio-factories. It offers the European economy the potential of high quality, knowledge based job creation and the European consumer better quality, tastier and more nutritious food. Though there is public concern of genetic engineering, those who are close to the science understand that this is the next big frontier to be crossed. The potential and opportunities offered by plant biotechnology must not be missed. We must go forward on that basis rather than turning our backs on the science.Phytosfere'9... provides a comprehensive overview for plant biotechnology. It combines specific scientific articles, review articles and comments from outside people on it, which is unique in European Literature.

  • Redesigning Rice Photosynthesis to Increase Yield

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 7
    • P.L. Mitchell + 1 más
    • J.E. Sheehy
    • Inglés
    Rice yields need to increase in order to keep pace with the growing population of Asia and to alleviate hunger and poverty. There appears, however, to be a biophysical limit associated with conventional photosynthetic pathways. The research presented in this book aims at understanding how the rice plant's photosynthetic pathway could be redesigned to overcome current yield limits. The factors controlling yield are discussed from the agronomic to the molecular level. Prospects for improving rice photosynthesis include using genetic engineering to convert rice into a C4 plant.The various chapters in this book deal with photosynthesis; a comparison of C3 and C4 pathways; genes physiology and function, and also discuss this in the broader context of economic consequences of yield improvements for poverty, the molecular genetics of photosynthesis, and ecophysiological and evolutionary perspectives of photosynthesis in wetlands.Researchers on rice, photosynthesis, agronomy, genetic engineering, and food policy will find much of interest in this book.

  • Fish Physiology: Muscle Development and Growth

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 18
    • Inglés
    With the advent of zebrafish as a model system, the development and growth of muscle in fish has become an ever more important process. This volume, in the continuing Fish Physiology series, focuses attention on muscle from the genetics of muscle development to application of muscle growth patterns to aquacultural production.

  • Grazing Management

    • 2 Edición
    • John F. Vallentine
    • Inglés
    Grazing animals need to be managed in order to accommodate desired results in terms of animal, plant, land and economic responses. Grazing Management, Second Edition integrates principles and management techniques that apply to all grazing lands and to all grazing animals. This comprehensive volume provides authoritative review on a wide range of relevant topics: animal nutrition and nutritional balance when fed on different sorts of grazing lands; seasonal variation and limits placed on ecosystems by grazing; the effects of grazing on grazing lands; the various sorts of grazing behaviors; selecting plants and managing grazing lands, as well as many other important topics bearing upon the methods, practises and procedures for properly managing grazing lands and animals.

  • Advances in Marine Biology

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 39
    • Inglés
    Volume 39 is a standard volume with reviews on three different topics: the effect of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on the Alaskan ecosystem, the reproduction and development of peracarida (abundant marine crustaceans), and remote sensing of the global light-fishing fleet.

  • Advances in Agronomy

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 71
    • Inglés
    Volume 71 contains six outstanding reviews that discuss cutting edge developments in the crop and soil sciences. Chapter 1 addresses advances in the development, use, and evaluation of controlled release fertilizers. Chapter 2 is a comprehensive review of developments in breeding crops for increased nutritional value. Historical and current advances in the field are covered as well as selection in methodology and employment of molecular biology tools. Chapter 3 is a comprehensive treatment of remaking bean plant architecture for efficient production. Chapter 4 is a review on carbon sequestration, specifically, the potential of world cropland solid to serve as a source of atmospheric carbon. Chapter 5 discusses the ability of grain legumes (pulses) to adapt to water-limited environments. Chapter 6 describes and applies an important water quality model - the root zone water quality model (RZWQM). The model is described and discussion is provided on the calibration and application in laboratory and field settings.

  • Dietary Anticarcinogens and Antimutagens

    Chemical and Biological Aspects
    • 1 Edición
    • I T Johnson + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Comprehensive and international in content, Dietary anticarcinogens and antimutagens: Chemical and biological aspects includes topics as diverse as the health benefits of tea, wine and beer, through the prevention of various cancers, to the development of effective communication for healthy eating. The book is organised in to sections covering: epidemiology of diet and cancer; mechanisms of DNA damage and repair; the body’s various protective mechanisms; and experimental approaches to the study of diet and cancer, with particular emphasis on humans as subjects.

  • The International Wine Trade

    • 2 Edición
    • Pierre Spahni
    • Inglés
    This is the second edition of the definitive analysis of the international wine trade. This new edition focuses on individual trade flows across the major importing and exporting countries, examines the increasing role of food retailers in wine selling and looks for the future trends which will shape the industry in the new millennium.The book begins by examining technical factors in the wine trade giving rise to differences in pricing and considers how wines' characteristics help to position the final products. It shows how trends in consumption are changing in different ways in the traditional and Anglo-Saxon markets and explains the effects of developments in international trade such as the role of trade barriers.The heart of the book profiles the ten major wine importing countries and considers:Trends in the consumption of alcoholic drinksWine market and import patternsThe configuration of import and distribution channelsEach country's trade policy with detailed comparisons between themThe book then goes on to consider the wine trade from the exporters point of view and describes:The challenge posed by New World producers to those based in Western EuropeThe influence of the previously planned economies of the former Soviet blocThe role of the EU and the likely effect of further European integrationThe influence of tariff schedules and the GATT negotiationsThis edition will be essential reading for all wine trade professionals including: wine producers, importers and exporters, negocients, co-operatives and regional economic development agencies, and wine merchants and retailers.

  • Haccp in the Meat Industry

    • 1 Edición
    • M. Brown
    • Inglés
    The recent outbreaks of E.coli and BSE have ensured that the issue of meat safety has never had such a high profile. Meanwhile HACCP has become the preferred tool for the management of microbiological safety. Against a background of consumer and regulatory pressure, the effective implementation of HACCP systems is critical. Written by leading experts in the field, HACCP in the meat industry provides an authoritative guide to making HACCP systems work effectively.This book examines the HACCP in the meat industry across the supply chain, from rearing through to primary and secondary processing.

  • Evolution of Metabolic Pathways

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 34
    • R. Ibrahim + 3 más
    • Inglés
    The past decade has seen major advances in the cloning of genes encoding enzymes of plant secondary metabolism. This has been further enhanced by the recent project on the sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome. These developments provide the molecular genetic basis to address the question of the Evolution of Metabolic Pathways. This volume provides in-depth reviews of our current knowledge on the evolutionary origin of plant secondary metabolites and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis. The chapters cover five major topics: 1. Role of secondary metabolites in evolution; 2. Evolutionary origins of polyketides and terpenes; 3. Roles of oxidative reactions in the evolution of secondary metabolism; 4. Evolutionary origin of substitution reactions: acylation, glycosylation and methylation; and 5. Biochemistry and molecular biology of brassinosteroids.

  • Carbohydrate Reserves in Plants - Synthesis and Regulation

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 26
    • A.K. Gupta + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Carbohydrate reserves constitute the major part of edible portion of the plants. Latest researches in major crops like wheat, rice, maize, barley, potato, sugarcane, sugarbeet, Jerusalem artichoke, chicory and carbohydrates in trees have been included in this book. The book will be of great value to the basic plant biochemists, molecular biologists, biotechnologists, and genetic crop engineers and to the agricultural scientists working in different disciplines related to crop productivity. This compilation may act as a medium to initiate discussions among these scientists leading to new researches in the area of crop productivity and reserve carbohydrate metabolism.

  • The Stability and Shelf-Life of Food

    • 1 Edición
    • Persis Subramaniam + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The stability and shelf-life of a food product are critical to its success in the market place, yet companies experience considerable difficulties in defining and understanding the factors that influence stability over a desired storage period. This book is the most comprehensive guide to understanding and controlling the factors that determine the shelf-life of food products.

  • Cereal Biotechnology

    • 1 Edición
    • P C Morris + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Genetic modification is one of the most important and controversial issues facing the food industry – nowhere more so than in cereal production and processing. Cereals provide the cornerstone of the world's diet, of which 50% comes from wheat, maize and rice.This major work explains the techniques involved and their enormous potential for food producers and consumers, from cereal breeding to milling, baking and brewing. It also explains how this new technology is regulated, the methods for assessing its potential risks, and the ways that cereal biotechnology can add value, from weed control and disease resistance to improved nutritional properties, processing functionality and product quality in food processing.Much has been written on this significant issue, but until now there has been no guide for both those on the academic side and those working in the industry itself. By examining both sides of the coin, this book bridges the gap between these groups, giving each a greater awareness of the other's role, a more rounded picture of the business and an increased understanding of all the issues at stake.Cereal Biotechnology is an authoritative reference for food processors on a key new technology, an essential guide for biotechnologists on the range of commercial applications within cereals processing, and a vital contribution to the debate for all those concerned with genetic modification in food processing.

  • Food Labelling

    • 1 Edición
    • J R Blanchfield
    • Inglés
    J Ralph Blanchfield has brought together a distinguished panel of European and American experts from industry and academia. Together they provide a comprehensive guide to producing labelling that complies with existing legislation and satisfies the needs of all interested parties. Food labelling also provides a valuable insight into possible future developments.The book deals with each aspect of food labelling from the EU and USA perspectives in turn. The legislative requirements for both are fully examined in sections written by experts from the UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and the US Food and Drug Administration respectively. There are chapters on major themes including the declaration of ingredients and additives, durability indication, nutrition information and nutrition and health claims. Readers will find answers to the questions raise by the issues of Genetically Modified and irradiated foods and ingredients, as well as guides to good international practice in design, multi-lingual requirements, shelf-life issues, traceability and instructions for storage and use.Food labelling is an invaluable guide for food processors, those concerned with food law and regulation, and all those involved in selling food products in the European Union, United States and throughout the rest of the world.

  • Controlled Release Veterinary Drug Delivery

    Biological and Pharmaceutical Considerations
    • 1 Edición
    • Michael J. Rathbone + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Many controlled release veterinary drug delivery systems (CRVDDS) are presently in use, and recently there has been a host of new CRVDDS within veterinary medicine. The challenges of this area of drug delivery arise from the unique anatomy and physiology of the target animal, the cost constraints associated with the value of the animal being treated and the extended periods of time that delivery must be sustained for (often measured in months).The purpose of this book is to introduce the reader to the unique opportunities and challenges of the field of CRVDDS and to explain and discuss the basic controlled release principles underlying the development of CRVDDS. Its aim is to provide an overview of many of the areas where CRVVDS have application, and to highlight the opportunities and prospects for controlled release technology in the veterinary field.Controlled Release Veterinary Drug Delivery comprises chapters that provide workers in the field (and those interested in this area) with information on the design, development and assessment of a variety of CRVDDS. The book contains chapters that describe the relevant animal physiological and anatomical considerations alongside descriptions of current and emerging controlled release delivery systems for a variety of routes for drug delivery, and present overviews on the physical and chemical assessment of veterinary controlled release delivery systems.The veterinary area is abound with opportunities for the development of controlled release drug delivery technologies. It is an area of medicine that is open to the acceptance of novel drug delivery devices, and which readily encompasses the use of novel routes of administration. It is an area of many unmet needs, most of which offer opportunities and unique challenges for the innovative formulation scientist to provide solutions. This book will provide an insight into the biological, clinical and pharmaceutical challenges that face the formulation scientist in this interesting and diverse area of research.

  • Elsevier's Dictionary of Plant Names and their Origin

    In English (with definitions)
    • 1 Edición
    • D.C. Watts
    • Inglés
    The dictionary contains about 30,000 vernacular and literary English names of plants (plus a few American), both wild and cultivated, with their botanical name and a brief account of the names' meaning if known. It was conceived as part of the author's wider interest in plant and tree lore, and ethnobotanical studies. Knowledge of plant names can give insight into largely forgotten beliefs. Why for example is, or was, the common red poppy known as "Blind Man"? An old superstition has it that if the poppy were put to the eyes it would cause blindness. Such names were probably the result of some taboo against picking the plant. Similarly, other names were likely to have been applied as a result of a country mother's warning to her children against eating poisonous berries. For the warning carries more weight when the name given to the berry reinforces the warning. Many such plants or fruits may be ascribed to the devil, Devil's Berries for Deadly Nightshade is an example.Names may also be purely descriptive, and can also serve to explain the meaning of the botanical name. Beauty-Berry is an example: it is the name given to the American shrub that belongs to the genus Callicarpa, which is made up of two Greek words that mean beauty and berry.Literary, or "book" names, have also been included in this dictionary, as being a very important part of the whole. Many of them provide links in the transmission of words through the ages. Thor's Beard, for example, is a book name for "houseleek", and has never been used in the dialect. But it highlights the legend that houseleek is a lightning plant, and by reverse logic is a preserver from fire.

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