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Elsevier

Libros en Ingeniería Química

  • Computers in Chemical and Biochemical Research V1

    • 1 Edición
    • C.E. Klopfenstein
    • Inglés
    Computers in Chemical and Biochemical Research, Volume 1, is the first of multi-volume series that provides updated information on developments in computer-assisted techniques for chemical and biochemical research. Each volume will include a variety of review articles by expert practicing computer-chemists and biochemists, dealing with a wide array of topics. These will range from delineations of design philosophies and of laboratory computer systems to descriptions of special computer hardware developed to solve specific problems. Also included will be articles discussing algorithms, languages, and programming techniques; articles devoted to the more important applications of digital computer methods to specific problems (e.g., Fourier transform spectrometry, stopped-flow kinetics, automated spectrophotometry); and aticles devoted to techniques for training both graduates and undergraduates in laboratory computing. The present text contains seven chapters and begins with a description of an educational program on digital computer instrumentation for the chemistry laboratory. Subsequent chapters cover topics such as multiprocessor systems in laboratory automation; a simple computer system for on-line data collection and manipulation in the biochemical laboratory; Fourier transform spectroscopy; and a small computer system used to collect and process data from three electron spin resonance spectrometers at the University of Oregon.

  • Interfacial Phenomena

    • 1 Edición
    • J.T. Davies
    • Inglés
    Interfacial Phenomena examines the fundamental properties of various liquid interfaces. This book discusses the physics of surfaces; electrostatic and electrokinetic phenomena; and adsorption at liquid interfaces. The properties of monolayers; reactions at liquid surfaces; diffusion through interfaces; and disperse systems and adhesion are also deliberated. Other topics include the vapor pressures over curved surfaces; electrical capacity of the double layer; applications of electrophoresis; and thermodynamics of adsorption and desorption. The experimental methods of spreading films at the oil-water interface; penetration into monolayers; experiments on dynamic systems; and spontaneous emulsification are likewise covered in this text. This book is beneficial to chemical engineers and students concerned with interfacial phenomena.

  • Theory of Particulate Processes

    Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization
    • 1 Edición
    • Alan Randolph
    • Inglés
    Theory of Particulate Processes: Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization describes the complexity of crystal size distribution (CSD), secondary nucleation, and growth mechanisms. This book is divided into 10 chapters that present a generalization from CSD studies as a unified predictive theory of particulate systems. After an introduction to CSD and particle-size distribution systems, this book goes on examining several empirical, one-dimensional distribution functions suitable for the latter system. The next chapter presents a unified theory for multidimensional particle distributions which can be used to analyze and predict such distributions in certain regular, well-defined processes. These topics are followed by a survey on how the size distribution of the product of a continuous mixed-suspension, mixed product-removal crystallizer is obtained. Other chapters describe special cases, which apparently obtain in real systems, including effects of classification, poor mixing, crystal breakage, staging, and size-dependent growth. The remaining chapters deal with the ramification of secondary nucleation as contrasted with homogeneous nucleation. This book is of great value to graduate students with particulate systems course.

  • Biochemical Evolution

    • 1 Edición
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • Inglés
    Biochemical Evolution focuses on the processes, approaches, and methodologies involved in biochemical evolution, including biochemical systems, digestion, metabolism, and morphology. The publication first offers information on the unity of the biochemical plan of animals, dissimilarities, and evolution of biochemical constituents, as well as biochemical analogs and homologs and evolution of biochemical constituents. The text then ponders on orthogenetic evolution of biochemical systems and biochemical adaptations. Discussions focus on respiratory function, hydrolytic processes of digestion, protein metabolism, ammonemia, domain of glucemia, and marine, fresh-water, and terrestrial animals. The manuscript takes a look at systematic characters, including the biochemical characteristics of vertebrates, tunicates, cyclostomes, elasmobranchs, insects, sipunculids, and the taxonomy of biochemical characteristics. The text then tackles perspectives, as well as mechanism of biochemical evolution, biochemistry and morphology, and irreversibility of lost biochemical characters. The book is a dependable source of data for readers interested in biochemical evolution.

  • Chemical and Biochemical Applications of Lasers V4

    • 1 Edición
    • C. Bradley Moore
    • Inglés
    Chemical and Biochemical Applications of Lasers, Volume IV focuses on the practical applications of standard commercial laser systems. This book examines the structural studies of DNA by fluorescence microscopy and discusses photochemistry and structural spectroscopy. Organized into eight chapters, this volume starts with an overview of a few cases of laser-induced fluorescence studies of biological molecules. This text then examines the sharp fluorescence spectra of complex molecules in solids that are obtained when a narrow-band laser selectively excites molecules in particular sites. Other chapters describe the theory and application of resonance Raman spectroscopy to various biological systems. This book provides as well a thorough treatment of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy and its application in combustion diagnostics and analytical chemistry. The final chapter explores laser control of the sequential photochemical reaction of the drug psoralen with the two strands of the DNA double helix. Physicists, chemists, electrochemists, and chemical engineers will find this book useful.

  • Ring-Forming Polymerizations Pt B 1

    Heterocyclic Rings
    • 1 Edición
    • Robert Cotter
    • Inglés
    Ring-Forming Polymerizations, Part B, 1: Heterocyclic Rings presents a comprehensive review and compilation of ring-forming polymerization reactions that proceed with the formation of heterocyclic rings. Emphasis is placed on polymerizations leading to linear, high molecular weight products. This book is comprised of three chapters and begins with a discussion on polymerizations that result in the formation of a multiple bond containing at least one heteroatom. The condensation of amines with carbonyl compounds to yield poly(Schiff bases) and related polymers is examined, along with other carbon-nitrogen double bond-forming polymerizations. The next chapter is devoted to the polymerization of rings containing two carbon atoms, including the polymerization of polyphenols with diboronic acids and that of diisocyanides with triorganoborons. The last chapter describes the polymerization of rings containing three carbon atoms, with particular reference to polyisoxazoles and related polymers, polythiazoles, polyimidazoles and related polymers, polypyrazoles, and polytriazines. This monograph will be of interest to polymer and organic chemists and others who are concerned with the polymer chemistry of living systems.

  • Challenging Problems in Organic Reaction Mechanisms

    • 1 Edición
    • Darshan Ranganathan
    • Inglés
    Challenging Problems in Organic Reaction Mechanisms explores the problems encountered in the study of the various facets of organic chemistry, including syntheses, reactions, reagents, and reaction mechanisms. Each problem describes the starting material, the conditions of the reaction, and the product, followed by the reference to the original publication. This permits the reader to solve the problem independently and then compare the results with those presented in the literature. The example problems are arranged in such a manner that each page is balanced. The utility of this collection has been enhanced by inclusion of, first, a ""compound index"" which allows rapid identification of rearrangements associated with a specific substrate; second, a ""reaction-type index"" which unifies reactions associated with a particular transition state and brings into focus the usefulness of Woodward-Hoffman notations in understanding bond formation and cleavage; and, finally, a ""problem classification index"". This work is of great value to organic chemists and researchers and organic chemistry teachers and students.

  • Chelating Agents and Metal Chelates

    • 1 Edición
    • F Dwyer
    • Inglés
    Chelating Agents and Metal Chelates focuses on the structure and properties of metal chelates, as well as bond types, stereochemistry, and optical phenomena. The selection first offers information on historical background and fundamental concepts and the nature of metal-ligand bond. Discussions focus on the structure and stability of metal chelates, bond types and characteristic properties, classes of acceptor metal atoms, and metal-metal bonds in complex compounds. The text also touches on bidentate chelates, design and stereochemistry of multidentate chelating agents, and optical phenomena in metal chelates. The publication ponders on oxidation-reduction potentials as functions of donor atom and ligand and metal chelates of ethylenediaminetetra... acid and related substances. Topics include liquid junction potentials, reversibility, measurement of redox potentials, ethylenediaminetetra... chelate couples, and metal chelates of ethylenediaminetetra... acid. The text also takes a look at metal chelates in biological systems and physical and coordination chemistry of tetrapyrrole pigments. The manuscript is a vital reference for senior students, research workers, biologists, and medical scientists interested in the chemistry of metal chelates.

  • Theory and Practice of Emulsion Technology

    • 1 Edición
    • A.L. Smith
    • Inglés
    Theory and Practice of Emulsion Technology covers the proceedings of the Theory and Practice of Emulsion Technology Symposium, held at Brunel University on September 16-18, 1974. This book is organized into four sessions encompassing 19 chapters. The opening session deals with the emulsification process and emulsion polymerization, as well as the adsorption behavior of polyelectrolyte-stab... emulsions. The following session examines the rheological properties, stability, and fluid mechanics of emulsions. This session also looks into the role of protein conformation and crude oil-water interfacial properties in emulsion stability. The third session highlights the preparation, formation, properties, and application of bitumen emulsions. The concluding session describes the process of spontaneous emulsification; the steric emulsion stabilization; the interfacial measurements of oil-in-water emulsions; and the influence of the disperse phase on emulsion stability. This book will be of value to chemists, chemical and process engineers, and researchers.

  • Ion Exchange

    Theory and Application
    • 1 Edición
    • F.C. Nachod
    • Inglés
    Ion Exchange: Theory and Application focuses on the applications, complexities, and theoretical aspects of ion exchange. This book discusses the kinetics of fixed-bed ion exchange; fundamental properties of ion exchange resins; ion exchange equipment design; and ion exchange in water treatment. The multistage systems in ion exchange; desalting sea water; applications of ion exchange to the separation of inorganic cations; and ion exchange as a tool in analytical chemistry are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the metal concentration and recovery by ion exchange; catalytic application of ion exchangers; and use of ion exchange adsorbents in biochemical and physiological studies. Other topics include the separation of amino acids by ion exchange chromatography; sugar refining and by-product recovery; and ion exchange recovery of alkaloids. This publication is a good reference for chemists and students interested in ion exchange.

  • Thermal Uses and Properties of Carbohydrates and Lignins

    • 1 Edición
    • Fred Shafizadeh
    • Inglés
    Thermal Uses and Properties of Carbohydrates and Lignins contains the proceedings of the Symposium on Thermal Uses and Properties of Carbohydrates and Lignins, held during the 172nd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in San Francisco, California, in September 1976. Contributors focus on thermal uses and properties of carbohydrates and lignins and discuss processes ranging from combustion and pyrolysis to thermal degradation and decomposition, gasification, and catalytic conversion. This text is comprised of 17 chapters; the first of which introduces the reader to the relationship between the chemical composition, combustion, heat release, and pyrolysis of cellulosic materials. The chapters that follow explore the kinetics of solid-phase cellulose pyrolysis; flash pyrolysis of holocellulose from loblolly pine bark; and the decomposition products of Douglas fir under varying conditions. The influence of crystallinity on the thermal properties of cellulose; energy considerations in the pyrolysis-gasificati... process; and the catalytic conversion of carbohydrates to synthesis gas are also considered. This book highlights the diversity and complexity of uses for renewable resources, as well as the problem of turning cellulose and lignin into useful products for society. At one level, the chapters present fundamental research; at another they consider specific processes for resource utilization. This book will be of interest to professionals working in fields such as chemistry, forestry, and agriculture.

  • Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Engineering

    • 1 Edición
    • Thomas E. Quantrille + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Artificial intelligence (AI) is the part of computer science concerned with designing intelligent computer systems (systems that exhibit characteristics we associate with intelligence in human behavior). This book is the first published textbook of AI in chemical engineering, and provides broad and in-depth coverage of AI programming, AI principles, expert systems, and neural networks in chemical engineering. This book introduces the computational means and methodologies that are used to enable computers to perform intelligent engineering tasks. A key goal is to move beyond the principles of AI into its applications in chemical engineering. After reading this book, a chemical engineer will have a firm grounding in AI, know what chemical engineering applications of AI exist today, and understand the current challenges facing AI in engineering.

  • Ring-Forming Polymerizations Pt A

    Carbocyclic and Metallorganic Rings
    • 1 Edición
    • Robert Cotter
    • Inglés
    Ring-forming Polymerizations, Part A: Carbocyclic and Metallorganic Rings covers polymerization reactions that form carbocyclic rings and those that lead to metallorganic ring-containing structures. This book is organized into 11 chapters. The first four chapters describe ring-forming polymerizations that lead to the formation of homocyclic carbon-containing rings. These chapters specifically examine Diels-Alder polymerizations and certain diisopropenyl monomers polymerization yielding high molecular weight polyindanes. Chapter V is an introduction to polymers from metals and unsaturated carbon compounds, which has been called a ""natural coordination polymer"". Chapters VI to X deal with metallorganic ring polymers formed by chelation and are arranged according to the elements in the ligands that are affecting chelation. The final chapter explores ring forming polymerizations that yield polysiloxanes, polysilazanes, and certain polymetalloxanes. This book will be of value to organic chemists and researchers, as well as to organic chemistry teachers and students.

  • Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties

    • 1 Edición
    • Ian Smallwood
    • Inglés
    The properties of 72 of the most commonly used solvents are given, tabulated in the most convenient way, making this book a joy for industrial chemists to use as a desk reference. The properties covered are those which answer the basic questions of: Will it do the job? Will it harm the user? Will it pollute the air? Is it easy to handle? Will it pollute the water? Can it be recovered or incinerated? These are all factors that need to be considered at the early stages of choosing a solvent for a new product or process.

  • Chemical plant Taxonomy

    • 1 Edición
    • T Swain
    • Inglés
    Chemical Plant Taxonomy focuses on the classification of plants based on their chemical composition. Composed of contributions of authors, the text first considers the methods of plant taxonomy. Folk taxonomy; Linnaean and post-Linnaean taxonomy; Darwin and ""Evolutionary Taxonomy""; and the development of taxonomic practice are considered. The book continues with discussions on the theoretical and practical aspects of the ""species"" concepts and an outline of the history of chemical taxonomy. The selection also looks at the qualities of chemotaxonomy, the usefulness of chemistry in plant taxonomy, biosynthetic pathways, and the factors affecting the production of secondary plant products. The text discusses the distribution of alkanes. The isolation and characterization of alkanes; taxonomic applications of alkanes; biogenesis of alkanes; and fossil alkanes are discussed. The selection highlights the chemical taxonomy of acetylenic compounds, the distribution of fatty acids in plant lipids, distribution of aliphatic polyols, cyclitols, plant glycosides, and alkaloids. The text is a good source of information for readers wanting to study the taxonomy of chemical plants.

  • Mixing V2

    Theory and Practice
    • 1 Edición
    • Vincent Uhl
    • Inglés
    Mixing: Theory and Practice, Volume II provides a complete and practical summary of mixing or the movement of fluids in conduits and vessels of laboratory and industrial processing equipment. The book is a compilation of papers that focuses on the theory and practice of mixing. Chapters in this volume are devoted to the discussion of mass transfer in two-phase systems; the effects of mixing on chemical reactions; the mixing of highly viscous materials; the suspension of particles in liquids; the mixing of dry solid particles; and the mechanical design of impeller-type mixers. Chemical engineers and chemists will find the book a good reference material.

  • Adsorptive Bubble Separation Techniques

    • 1 Edición
    • Robert Lemlich
    • Inglés
    Adsorptive Bubble Separation Techniques focuses on the mechanisms of the various adsorptive bubble separation methods. This book examines the various adsorptive bubble separation techniques, including ion flotation, foam fractionation, precipitate flotation, mineral flotation, bubble fractionation, and solvent sublation. Organized into 20 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the certain important properties of foam. This text then examines the results of several separations, as well as the results of additional studies into the mechanisms of the different techniques. Other chapters explain the studies of foam separation in the case of synthetic solutions, which provide a good knowledge of the extraction mechanisms of the radioactive cations, cesium, cerium, and strontium. This book discusses as well the experimental and theoretical work on foam separation done in Israel. The final chapter deals with the separation of surfactants and metallic ions at various places around the world. This book is a valuable resource for materials scientists, engineers, and chemists.

  • Immobilized Enzymes For Industrial Reactors

    • 1 Edición
    • Ralph Messing
    • Inglés
    Immobilized Enzymes for Industrial Reactors aims to guide the engineer and scientist along the path toward the industrial application of immobilized enzymes. It is necessary to identify the hazards and pitfalls that will be encountered, not only in the initial research efforts, but also during the final engineering phases of a commercial program. Each contributing factor in an immobilized enzyme system will be scrutinized by the authors in an effort to accomplish the overall objectives. This book comprises 10 chapters, with the first being an introduction to and general history of immobilized enzymes. The next chapters go on to discuss basic enzymology; controlled-pore glasses for enzyme immobilization; carriers; immobilization by adsorption and inorganic bridge formation; immobilization by covalent attachment and by entrapment; characteristics of free vs. immobilized enzymes; immobilized coenzymes; design and operation of immobilized enzyme reactors; and applications of immobilized enzymes. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of chemistry and engineering.

  • Chemisorption And Reactions On Metallic Films V2

    • 1 Edición
    • J Anderson
    • Inglés
    Chemisorption and Reactions on Metallic Films, Volume 2 is a four-chapter text that describes the role of evaporated metal films in advancing the understanding of the metal-gas interface chemistry and in understanding of adsorption and catalysis at metal surfaces. This volume first describes film structure and properties, particularly of random polycrystalline films, as well as the concepts of the adsorption and kinetic phenomena. The topic is followed by an overview of the main classes of catalytic reactions that have been studied over evaporated metal film catalysts. A chapter explores the preparation, characterization, structure, and surface properties of alloy films. The theory of the oxidation of metals and the advantages and disadvantages of using thin metal films in oxidation work are considered in the concluding chapter, along with a brief discussion on their use in kinetic and mechanistic studies. Research scientists and graduate students who are interested in the fundamentals of adsorption and catalysis will find this volume invaluable.

  • Titrations in Nonaqueous Solvents

    • 1 Edición
    • Huber Walter
    • Inglés
    Titrations in Nonaqueous Solvents discuss the theory, practice, and data on acidic and basic strength of nonaqueous solvents. This book is organized into three parts encompassing six chapters. The first part considers the general principles of acids and bases and methods of end-point determination. This part also covers the fundamentals, advantages, and limitations of titration instruments, such as potentiometers, burets, titration vessels, and electrodes. The classification of titration solvents according to their functions as color indicators and titrant solutions is provided in this part. The remaining parts describe the analytical procedures for acidity and basicity of nonaqueous solvents. These parts also provide a tabulated data on the acidic and basic strengths, stability, and dissociation constants of various titration solvents. Analytical chemists, and analytical chemistry teachers and students will find this book invaluable.

  • Adsorption of Gases on Heterogeneous Surfaces

    • 1 Edición
    • W. Rudzinski + 1 más
    • Inglés
    All real solid surfaces are heterogeneous to a greater or lesser extent and this book provides a broad yet detailed survey of the present state of gas adsorption. Coverage is comprehensive and extends from basic principles to computer simulation of adsorption. Underlying concepts are clarified and the strengths and weaknesses of the various methods described are discussed.

  • Qualitative Analysis of Flavor and Fragrance Volatiles by Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography

    • 1 Edición
    • Walter Jennings
    • Inglés
    Qualitative Analysis of Flavor and Fragrance Volatiles by Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography deals with the application of glass capillary gas chromatography to qualitative analysis of flavor and fragrance volatiles. Topics range from gas chromatographic system requirements and retention indices to selective detectors, ancillary reactions, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This text is comprised of six chapters; the first of which provides an overview of the use of glass capillary gas chromatography in qualitative analysis of flavor and fragrance volatiles. The discussion then turns to gas chromatographic system requirements with respect to columns, inlets, detectors, and temperature control. The reader is also introduced to the Kovats retention index system, which utilizes a logarithmic scale to describe the retention behavior of a compound relative to that of the n-paraffin hydrocarbons. The use of selective detectors, such as thermal conductivity, flame ionization, nitrogen-phosphorus, electron capture, and photoionization detectors in qualitative analysis, is also considered. The final two chapters focus on ancillary reactions in glass capillary gas chromatography and general considerations in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, including interfacing. This book is intended primarily for researchers involved in studies of the volatile constituents of fragrances, food, and natural products.

  • Fine Particles

    Aerosol Generation, Measurement, Sampling, and Analysis
    • 1 Edición
    • Benjamin Y.H. Liu
    • Inglés
    Fine Particles: Aerosol Generation, Measurement, Sampling, and Analysis is a collection of technical papers presented at the Symposium on Fine Particles held in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on May 28-30, 1975. The symposium aims to explore the developments in instrumentation and experimental techniques for aerosol studies. This book is organized into four parts encompassing 34 chapters that focus on fine particles below about 3.5 µm in diameter. Part I presents the research and development in Europe and Japan on fine particles and aerosols, as well as the aerosol standards development work at the Particle Technology Laboratory, University of Minnesota. This part also includes calibration studies on condensation nuclei counters and the diffusion battery. Significant chapters in Part II are devoted to the common techniques for generation of aerosols of various sizes, from fine particles to monodisperse aerosols. This part further looks into the equipment limitations and problems in producing fine particle aerosols for life testing air cleaning systems and for weather modification experimentation. Part III describes the techniques and equipment used for size-selective aerosol sampling in terms of the design principles applied, the correspondence between design and performance of specific samplers, their applicability to field conditions, and their ability to satisfy sampler acceptance criteria. Part IV deals first with the methods for determination of aerosol properties, including their optical, electrical, and spectral properties. Other chapters examine the principles, mode of operation, and application of processes and instruments for aerosol studies.

  • Biochemical Applications of Raman and Resonance Raman Spectroscopes

    • 1 Edición
    • P Carey
    • Inglés
    Biochemical Applications of Raman and Resonance Raman Spectroscopies focuses on the application of Raman and resonance Raman spectroscopies to biochemical problems. The book reviews biological systems and details the application of Raman spectroscopy to biological molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. It also looks at codevelopments of lasers, optics, and electronics that drive advances in experimental Raman spectroscopy, along with the important ramifications of these advances for biochemical applications. This volume is organized into eight chapters and begins with an overview of the theoretical and experimental aspects of Raman spectroscopy, including a very brief explanation of what Raman and resonance Raman spectroscopies are and a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages for biochemical studies. The explanation of the Raman and resonance Raman effects is taken up in more detail in the next chapter, which develops the concept of the vibrational motions of molecules by initially considering mechanical ""ball and spring"" models and goes on to use this concept to formulate a classical model for Raman scattering. The resonance Raman effect is then described by another model which emphasizes the discrete or quantized energy levels available to a molecule. The reader is also introduced to the experimental aspects of Raman spectroscopy and the application of Raman spectroscopy across the entire field of biochemistry. Each chapter contains an outline of the basic chemistry and biochemical nomenclature involved. This book will be of interest to chemists, biochemists, and spectroscopists, as well as graduate students and experienced research workers.

  • Biochemical Actions of Hormones V2

    • 1 Edición
    • Gerald Litwack
    • Inglés
    Biochemical Actions of Hormones, Volume II is a 12-chapter text that surveys the significant developments toward understanding the primary effects of hormones in cellular receptors at the molecular level. This book starts with an overview of the genetic regulation by hormones and the role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in hormonal response. These topics are followed by discussions on the hormone-dependent molecular mechanisms, which appear to participate in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in this model system, as well as how multiple hormonal signals may serve to integrate a large number of complex regulatory mechanisms. A chapter deals with the comparative aspects of the physiology and biochemistry of insulin, with an emphasis on the molecular mode of action of insulin on metabolic processes. The remaining chapters deal with the physiology, mechanism of action, and biological effects of various hormones, including catecholamines, glucocorticoids, estrogens, progestins, gonadotropins, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, 25-hydroxycholecalci... and insect hormones. Endocrinologists will find this book invaluable.

  • Turbulence in Mixing Operations

    Theory and Application to Mixing and Reaction
    • 1 Edición
    • Robert Brodkey
    • Inglés
    Turbulence in Mixing Operations: Theory and Application to Mixing and Reaction presents a summary of the current status of research on turbulent motion, mixing, and kinetics. Each chapter of this book discusses turbulence in the context of mixing and reaction in scalar fields. Chapters I and III discuss the classification of turbulent reacting systems and the different possibilities in this context. Chapter II reviews the properties of passive mixing. Chapter IV looks at turbulent mixing in chemically reactive flows. Chapter V uses different techniques to make parallel numerical calculations of both mixing and reaction. Finally, Chapter VI reviews turbulence and actual industrial mixing operations. This book will be of great value for chemical and industrial engineers, especially for those interested in turbulent and industrial mixing.

  • Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Neuropeptides Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Structure

    • 1 Edición
    • Gebhard Koch
    • Inglés
    Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Neuropeptides: Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Structure covers the proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Macromolecular Synthesis: Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Neuropeptides, held in Blankenese, Hamburg, Germany. This book is composed of seven parts encompassing 23 chapters, and begins with an introduction of the proteolytic mechanisms involved in proprotein processing, their intracellular localization, and their roles in generating a diverse assortment of secreted products in a variety of neuroendocrine cells. Part I describes the structure, synthesis, biochemical aspects, gene expression, and receptor selectivity of opioid peptides. Parts II and III focus on the isolation, structure, function, and genetic linkage of neuropeptides. The remaining parts explore the posttranslational processing, regulation, metabolism, biosynthesis, and gene expression of these neuropeptides, with a particular emphasis on their triggering mechanism and the control of release. Biochemists, neurologists, geneticists, and clinicians will greatly appreciate this book.

  • Solid State Chemical Sensors

    • 1 Edición
    • Jiri Janata
    • Inglés
    Solid State Chemical Sensors reviews the basic chemical and physical principles involved in the construction and operation of solid state sensors. A major portion of the book is devoted to explanation of the basic mechanism of operation and the many actual and potential applications of field effect transistors for gas and solution sensing. This text is comprised of four chapters; the first of which describes the basics of device fabrication. Emphasis is placed on the physical description of semiconductor devices with catalytic metal gates, along with their drawbacks and their promise. The behavior of hydrogen in the Pd-SiO2 system is also considered, and some applications of hydrogen-sensitive transistors, such as smoke detection and biochemical reaction monitoring, are described. The second chapter focuses on chemically sensitive field effect transistors and their thermodynamics, while the third chapter explains the general fabrication procedure for solid state chemical sensors. The final chapter introduces the reader to piezoelectric and pyroelectric chemical sensors, paying particular attention to the sensor nature of piezoelectricity, the piezoelectric gravimetric sensor, and pyroelectric gas analysis. This book is intended to assist electrical engineers in understanding the chemistry involved in the construction and operation of solid state sensors and to educate chemists in solid state science.

  • Biochemical Actions of Hormones V6

    • 1 Edición
    • Gerald Litwack
    • Inglés
    Biochemical Actions of Hormones, Volume VI is a 10-chapter text that summarizes the regulation of protein kinases and phosphoprotein phosphatases and the relationship of the endocrines to cancer. This volume describes first the precise structures of steroid hormones and carcinogens. The subsequent chapters cover the hormonal regulation of chemical carcinogenesis; the importance of steroid hormones as growth factors for mammary tumors; the effects of steroid hormones in the central nervous system; and the properties of the purified estrogen receptor. A chapter highlights the biochemical actions of neurohypophysial hormones and neurophysin. Another chapter presents the biochemistry and physiology of cytokinin, a plant hormone. The final chapter exemplifies the multihormonal systems by control of the α2u-globulin produced in the liver. This book will be of great value to endocrinologists.

  • Industrial Chemicals

    Their Characteristics and Development
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 6
    • G. Agam
    • Inglés
    The special world of industrial chemistry is illuminated in this text. Issues such as naming and classification of chemicals, safety, formulations and specifications, information and patents are treated. Process-related topics are discussed, such as scaling-up, equipment selection, construction materials, environmental impact and waste minimization. Aspects which fall in between the traditional disciplines of chemistry and chemical engineering are covered, which are so critical for the development of a successful industrial process, and the awareness of which avoids pitfalls in industrial research and development. Case studies are given, and special appendices provide useful information for the industrial chemist or student.The book is aimed at industrial chemists and engineers, and at students in those faculties, intending to pursue this field in industry. Marketing and purchasing staff will also find this text valuable.

  • Theory of Particulate Processes

    Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization
    • 2 Edición
    • Alan Ranodolph
    • Inglés
    Theory of Particulate Processes: Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization, Second Edition covers the numerous population balance-based particulate studies. This edition emerged from the notes for an industrial short course on crystallization. This book is divided into 10 chapters and begins with an outline of the methods for representation of particle distributions and a systematic approach to the predictive modeling of processes where there is a need to characterize distributions in time and space and by some identifying property. The succeeding chapters provide a specific and more elementary approach to modeling crystal size distributions, as well as the modeling the kinetics of crystal nucleation and growth rates. Other chapters discuss a wide range of system analysis and design considerations specific to crystallization for both the steady state and unsteady state. The final chapters illustrate the use of a population balance analysis to interpret data from both laboratory and process equipment. These chapters also explore a wide variety of particulate processes and systems for which the population balance analysis is useful. This book is of great value to graduate students with particulate systems course.

  • Polypropylene and other Polyolefins

    Polymerization and Characterization
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 7
    • S. van der Ven
    • Inglés
    This book deals with polyolefins prepared via Ziegler-Natta catalysis, from a polymer chemist's viewpoint, i.e. with emphasis on their preparation and on their basic composition and properties. In addition to chapters on catalysts, polymerization behaviour and polymer properties such as tacticity, crystallinity, morphology etc., a chapter is also devoted to characterization methods. The main part of this work is reserved for polypropylene in all its forms, namely, homopolymer, random copolymer and toughened (`block') copolymers, for which extensive own-experience was present. The other polyolefins are also covered by means of a thorough literature review.This book is intended for scientists active in the field of polyolefins, including catalyst development, but should also prove an invaluable medium in academia to illustrate the growth of understanding in catalysis, kinetics and characterization of a commercially very important class of polymers.

  • Molecular Conformation and Dynamics of Macromolecules in Condensed Systems

    A Collection of Contributions Based on Lectures Presented at the 1st Toyota Conference, Inuyama City, Japan, 28 September - 1 October 1987
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 2
    • M. Nagasawa
    • Inglés
    Macromolecular materials possess some remarkable features arising from the fact that their molecules are made up of more or less flexible chains which can have various conformations. The study of molecular conformations and dynamics of macromolecules is important in polymer science and technology from both basic and practical viewpoints. In practice, these studies have concentrated on dilute solutions but more recently there has been a clear trend towards studying molecular properties in condensed systems in order to understand the entire macromolecular system based on a unified concept.Based on lectures presented by an internationally recognized group of polymer scientists at a meeting held in Japan in October 1987 (plus two additional contributions), this volume summarises present knowledge of molecular conformations and dynamics of macromolecules from dilute solutions to various condensed systems. The book is not a random collection of papers of the usual conference proceedings type. Authors prepared their contributions in line with an overall plan for the work, were able to discuss the content with colleagues at the meeting, and finalised their text after the conference. It is thus a comprehensive, integrated overview of the field. Current developments in both theory and experiment are discussed in a well-balanced way. The behaviour of macromolecules at phase transition and interface is discussed in relation to their behaviour in bulk systems.The book offers a particularly up-to-date and authoritative picture of the current state of the art, and will be of interest to all research and professional workers concerned with polymer science in universities, industry, and government institutions.

  • Peat

    Industrial Chemistry and Technology
    • 1 Edición
    • Charles Fuchsman
    • Inglés
    Peat: Industrial Chemistry and Technology explores the chemistry and chemical technology of peat as a chemical feedstock. The processes that generate peat chemicals, such as solvent extraction and acid hydrolysis, are discussed. Some of the more important implications of peat use for humans and nature are also pointed out. This book describes alternative technologies for each of the major organic components of peat, including solvent extraction of peat bitumens; decolorization and oxidation of peat waxes; acid hydrolysis of unfractionated peat; and coke production. Other chapters discuss chemical characterization and analysis of peat; composition and hydrolysis of peat carbohydrates; composition of peat hydrolysates intended for yeast production; production of organic chemicals by peat hydrolysis; and scale of peat chemical operations. The final chapter examines the ecological and other environmental factors affecting the chemical technology of peat. This monograph will be a useful source of information for chemists, engineers, and managers interested in the industrial potential of peat as a chemical feedstock.

  • Interfacial Phenomena

    • 2 Edición
    • J.T. Davies
    • Inglés
    Interfacial Phenomena explores the more primary properties of different liquid interfaces. This book is divided into eight chapters, where Chapter 1 establishes the basic concepts of the physics of surfaces, including the properties of matter in the surface layer. Chapters 2 and 3 further discuss the concepts of electrostatic and electrokinetic phenomena, respectively. Other areas discussed in the later chapters include adsorption at liquid interfaces; properties of monolayers; reactions at liquid interfaces; and mass transfer across interfaces. Chapter 8 discusses the more relevant aspects of disperse systems and adhesion as related to the interfacial properties discussed in the previous chapters. The text is a valuable source of information to students and researchers in the fields of chemistry, biology, and chemical engineering and can also be used for industrial and academic laboratories.

  • Anionic Polymerization: Principles and Practice

    • 1 Edición
    • Maurice Morton
    • Inglés
    Anionic Polymerization: Principles and Practice describes the unique nature of the anionic mechanism of polymerization. This book is composed of two parts encompassing 11 chapters that cover the aspects of the synthetic possibilities inherent in this system. Part I deals with the various aspects of anionic polymerization mechanism, including the monomers, initiators, solvents, and the involved initiation and propagation reactions. This part also describes the copolymerization and organolithium polymerization reactions of styrene and dienes. Part II explores the applications of anionic polymerization in polymer synthesis. This part specifically tackles the synthesis of narrow molecular weight, branched and α,ω-difunctional polymers, and block copolymers. Polymer chemists and researchers who work in the chemical industry and who would wish to utilize the unique features of anionic polymerization in the synthesis of new products will find this book invaluable.

  • Wood a Agricultural Residues

    Research on Use For Feed, Fuels, and Chemicals
    • 1 Edición
    • Ed Soles
    • Inglés
    Wood and Agricultural Residues Research on Use for Feed, Fuels, and Chemicals covers the proceedings of the 1982 “Feed, Fuels, and Chemicals from Wood and Agricultural Residues” symposium, held in Kansas City and sponsored by Cellulose, Paper, and Textile Division of the American Chemical Society. Organized into seven parts encompassing 31 chapters, the book discusses the plant cell wall; the cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin; the lignocellulosics for ruminants; the biological and thermochemical conversion; and the approached for utilization. The introductory part describes the anatomy, permeability, ultrastructure, and digestion of plant cell wall. The following section examines the structure, characteristics, derivatives, recycle and recovery through solvent systems, and utilization for enzyme and protein production of cellulose and hemicelluloses. This section also discusses the synthesis, structure, properties, and analysis of hydroxypropyl lignin derivatives. The third section characterizes the fibrous fractions of forages and presents traditional methods for qualitative and quantitative analyses of lignocellulosics. This text includes discussions on methods for improving utilization of unconventional feed sources by ruminants; the digestion impeding factors; and the effect of chemical, physical, and biological treatments in upgrading the digestibility and nutritive value of crop residues. The subsequent sections describe the biological, chemical, physical, and thermochemical conversion of wood fibers. Such methods include fermentation, acid and steam hydrolysis, saccharification, hydrogenolysis, and pyrolysis. The concluding section covers mechanical treatments to improve lignocelluloses properties, such as steam explosion and solvent systems. This book is an ideal source of information for botanists and feed scientists and researchers.

  • Biochemical Aspects of Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes

    Proceedings of the 1976 Intra-Science Research Foundation Symposium December 1-3, Santa Monica, California
    • 1 Edición
    • Norman Kharasch
    • Inglés
    Biochemical Aspects of Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes covers the proceedings of the 1976 Intra-Science Research Foundation Symposium on New Biochemistry of Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes, held in Santa Monica, California. This 14-chapter book deals first with the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes with bovine vesicular gland and in transformed fibroblasts. These topics are followed by discussions on the pharmacologic properties and the role of prostaglandins as mediators of the inflammatory response. The next chapters describe the structure-activity relations and the pharmacologic activities of the prostaglandin series, with an emphasis on their role in cancer, obstetrics, and gynecology. The remaining chapters examine the role of prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxanes as bioregulators. This book will be of value to biochemists and pharmacologists.

  • Polymer Solutions, Blends, and Interfaces

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 11
    • I. Noda + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The behaviour of polymers in multi-component and multiphase systems such as solutions, blends and interfaces derived from both natural and synthetic sources and the subsequent influence of this on their physical properties is the theme of this book. Important new material on multiphase polymer systems such as block copolymers and liquid crystalline polymers is provided, and the solution and surface properties of enzymes and surface active polymers is described both theoretically and experimentally. The application of theory to the development of new cellulosic materials is particularly noteworthy. The relationship between end-use properties, such as adhesion, wetting, and colloidal stability, and molecular structure at the interface is addressed. Examples include the capillary pressure of nylon microporous membranes, a new technique for characterizing the adhesion between incompatible polymers, and the influence of the glass transition temperature at the fiber/matrix interface on interfacial shear strength.Characteriz... of polymer films, both electrochemically and via optical techniques is covered and the interactions of amphiphilic ions with polyacrylate polymer are described. The final two chapters introduce the topic of enzyme mobility at an interface and show how this may affect their role as biological catalysts.

  • Biochemical Actions of Hormones V10

    • 1 Edición
    • Gerald Litwack
    • Inglés
    Biochemical Actions of Hormones, Volume X explores the important fields of recombinant DNA technology and nuclear matrix and their impact on biochemical endocrinology. This volume is organized into 12 chapters and begins with a presentation of an excellent model for determining the role of various receptors operating at the genetic level using cells in culture derived from the anterior pituitary. These topics are followed by a summary of conceptual advances in understanding nerve growth factor and related hormones, as well as the polypeptide hormones, which are recognized as growth factors for cells in culture. A chapter provides some insights into the pineal hormone, melatonin. The remaining chapters discuss the Ah carcinogen receptor, which seems to be analogous in many respects to a steroid receptor. These chapters also survey the various aspects of steroid receptors, including the specific acceptor sites in genes and their flanking sequences, the synthetic oligonucloetide acceptors for steroid receptor complexes, and the mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance in leukemia. Biochemists, biologists, and research workers who are interested in biochemical aspects of endocrinology will find this book invaluable.

  • Food Irradiation

    • 1 Edición
    • Walter Urbain
    • Inglés
    Food Irradiation focuses on the fundamental aspects and applications of food irradiation. It summarizes efforts to establish the wholesomeness of irradiated foods, and it discusses the nature of ionizing radiation, as well as its interaction with matter, the biological effects it induces in living organisms associated with food such as raw fruits and vegetables, and the application of these effects in treating foods. The book also highlights some aspects of food irradiation that have potential significance in commercial usage, including consumer attitudes, costs, facilities, and safety. Organized into 15 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of ionizing radiation and its biological effects, the basics of radiation chemistry, and radiation chemistry of foods and food components. It then discusses the general effects of ionizing radiation on foods; irradiation of foods, such as meats and poultry, marine and freshwater animal foods, beverages, and dairy products; government regulation of irradiated foods; and consumer acceptance of irradiated foods. This book is a valuable source of information for food technologists, nutritionists, and suppliers of irradiation facilities and equipment.

  • Marine Natural Products V3

    Chemical And Biological Perspectives
    • 1 Edición
    • Poul Schever
    • Inglés
    Marine Natural Products: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Volume III, reviews the state of knowledge in the chemistry and biology of marine natural products. It attempts to bring together timely and critical reviews that are representative of major current researches and that, hopefully, will also foreshadow future trends. The volume's first chapter discusses separation techniques, including liquid-liquid extraction, membrane separation, chromatography, capillary gas chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. This is followed by a chapter on amino acids that have been isolated from marine algae. Kainic acid, for instance, is a well-established ascaricide that was isolated from a red alga that had been known as an anthelmintic for a thousand years. Only recently, however, has it been recognized as a valuable tool in neurophy sinology. Subsequent chapters deal with nitrogenous pigments in marine invertebrates; and the phenomenon of bioluminescence, which is relatively rare among terrestrial organisms, but which is widespread among marine biota.

  • Current Biochemical Research in China

    • 1 Edición
    • C Tsou
    • Inglés
    Current Biochemical Research in China presents the Chinese contributions to the biochemical sciences. This book aims to make the situation of biochemical research in China better known to the rest of the world. Organized into 21 chapters, this book begins with an overview of some of the fundamental research of Chinese biochemists, which may be found interesting by colleagues in the western world. This text then presents the investigations of the relationship between structure and function of proteins by synthetic methods. Other chapters provide the comprehensive and scientific compilation of the herb medicines used in China since ancient times. This book discusses as well the correlation of molecular structures of proteins with their biological functions. The final chapter deals with the importance of hemostasis and thrombosis wherein platelets adhere to injured vascular wall and aggregate to form the white hemostatic plug. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, biophysicists, scientists, and research workers.

  • Applied Biochemistry and Bioengineering

    Enzyme Technology
    • 1 Edición
    • Lemuel Wingard
    • Inglés
    Applied Biochemistry and Bioengineering, Volume 2: Enzyme Technology discusses the industrial applications of immobilized enzymes. Organized into 10 chapters, this volume first describes the techniques for the isolation and purification of intracellular and extracellular enzymes for use on an industrial scale. It then deals with immobilized enzyme processes, with an emphasis on immobilized glucose isomerase and the amylolytic enzymes related to the production of high-fructose syrups from starch. Significant topics on immobilized enzyme technology for future uses in energy transduction and in pharmaceutical modifications of steroid compounds are also explored. Microbiologists, geneticists, and chemical engineers will find this book of great value.

  • Activation, Deactivation, and Poisoning of Catalysts

    • 1 Edición
    • John Butt
    • Inglés
    Activation, Deactivation, and Poisoning of Catalysts deals with the circumstances and mechanisms underlying catalyst activation, deactivation, and poisoning. The emphasis is on the techniques for handling deactivating systems, not on results per se. Deactivation by fouling and sintering is given consideration. This book is organized into three sections and consists of 12 chapters. The first part is devoted to a systematic development of the manner in which catalysts are activated, deactivated, poisoned, and in some cases reactivated on a microscopic basis. The first chapter explains the concept of the active center as utilized in catalysis, along with catalyst regeneration, rejuvenation, and detoxification. In the second part, the reader is introduced to the problem of heat transfer as well as the transport of reactants and products in the interior of the particle coupled with chemical reaction therein. The macroscopic deactivation behavior of the catalyst particle is described in terms of fundamental kinetic deactivation phenomena and of parameters governing heat and mass transfer. The last part is primarily concerned with a collection of catalyst particles within the reactor, with emphasis on the global activity of the reactor. In the last chapter, a pragmatic approach is presented to predict the design and performance of chemical reactors containing a deactivating catalyst. This book is written for catalytic chemists, researchers, reactor designers, and students interested in catalyst activation, deactivation, and poisoning.

  • Biochemical Actions of Hormones V12

    • 1 Edición
    • Gerald Litwack
    • Inglés
    Biochemical Actions of Hormones, Volume XII is a compendium of papers discussing aspects of molecular biology with regard to hormone action and to certain hormone receptors. One paper discusses the different approaches and strategies that are used in determining the amino acid sequence. The paper also describes the structural organization of polyprotein precursors such as the peptide chemistry approach or the nucleic acid approach. Another paper investigates the regulation of prolactin biosynthesis by peptide hormones as a model for peptidergic regulation of gene expression. The paper defines in detail which components of the biosynthetic machinery are being regulated by the polypeptide hormones. One paper also analyzes the molecular biology of the metallothioneins, focusing on the glucocorticoid regulation of metallothioneins genes. Experiments show that when the mouse MT-I gene is activated in lymphoid cells, or transferred to other cells, it still retains information needed in metal-regulated expression, though glucocorticoids can no longer regulate the same gene. Other papers discuss the purification and properties of the nerve growth factor receptor, and the thyrotropin receptor. Micro-biologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, cellular biologists, endocrinologists, and scientists involved in cell research will find this collection valuable.

  • Aerosols

    An Industrial and environmental science
    • 1 Edición
    • George Hidy
    • Inglés
    Aerosols: An Industrial and Environmental Science is a comprehensive account of the science and technology of aerosols as well as their aerodynamic and physico-chemical properties. Measurement techniques and results are presented in terms of a framework of classical mechanics and macroscopic chemistry. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with a discussion on the foundations of modern aerosol science and technology, followed by a review of the dynamic theory of aerosols as rigid spheres. The production of particle suspensions, the methods of particle sampling and measurement, and physical or chemical characterization are then considered, along with particle diffusion by Brownian motion, particle formation and growth, and coagulation processes. The formation of particle clouds is described by means of molecular agglomeration (condensation) processes, breakup and disintegration, and chemical reactions. The remaining chapters focus on several major applications of aerosol science in areas such as combustion, agriculture, and medicine. This monograph is intended to serve scientists and engineers who are concerned with the underlying principles of aerodynamic and physical chemical behavior of aerosols, and could also be used as a text for graduate students in specialized courses on aerosol or colloid chemistry, atmospheric processes, and chemical, mechanical, or environmental engineering.

  • Chemical and Biochemical Applications of Lasers V5

    • 1 Edición
    • C. Bradley Moore
    • Inglés
    Chemical and Biological Applications of Lasers, Volume V focuses on the laser applications in photochemistry and spectroscopy. This book examines the spectroscopic detection of single atoms and explores the purification of industrial chemicals. Organized into seven chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the methods developed for laser detection of single atoms, including fluorescence, photoionization, photodeflection, and their combinations. This text then discusses the methods of high resolution spectroscopy, which provide detailed information on molecular structure and reaction kinetics studies. Other chapters review several laser photodissociation studies, which explain dissociation dynamics. This book discusses as well the possibilities for selective photochemical reactions and examines the potential of lasers for practical application in chemical processing. The final chapter considers the various metals that can undergo a photochemical change in oxidation state in ordinary solvents. This book is a valuable resource for physicists, chemists, electrochemists, photochemists, electrical engineers, and chemical engineers.

  • Flavor of Foods and Beverages

    Chemistry and Technology
    • 1 Edición
    • George Charalambous
    • Inglés
    Flavor of Foods and Beverages Chemistry and Technology covers the proceedings of an international conference sponsored by the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society held in Athens, Greece on June 27-29, 1978. It presents information on the flavor of foods and beverages. This book discusses wide ranging subjects, such as flavor of meat, meat analogs, chocolate and cocoa substitutes, cheese aroma, beverages, baked goods, confections, tea, citrus and other fruits, olive oil, and sweeteners. It also examines new analytical methodology on taste and aroma, as well as flavor production, stability, and composition. This book will be useful for students, chemists, technologists, and manufacturers involved in any facet of producing foods and beverages.

  • NMR of Chemically Exchanging Systems

    • 1 Edición
    • Jerome Kaplan
    • Inglés
    NMR of Chemically Exchanging Systems presents an integrated density matrix formalism for calculating NMR lineshapes for all types of exchanging systems. This book explores a variety of conditions, which is applicable to both liquids and liquid crystals. Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of the derivation of the absorption due to a single spin utilizing the classical Bloch equation as a means for introducing some of the concepts concerned in obtaining the absorption lineshape. This text then examines the derivation of the total density matrix equation. Other chapters consider the density matrix equation for a general exchanging system at high rf power and illustrate how one has to solve for all the elements of the density matrix. The final chapter presents some remarks on transients as applied to chemically exchanging systems. This book is a valuable resource for scientists and researchers who are interested in NMR spectroscopy.

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