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Elsevier

Libros en Ingeniería Química

  • What Went Wrong?

    Case Studies of Process Plant Disasters
    • 4 Edición
    • Trevor Kletz
    • Inglés
    Expert Trevor Kletz examines the causes and aftermaths of numerous plant disasters--almost every one of which could have been prevented. Case histories illustrate what went wrong, why it went wrong, and then guide you in how to circumvent similar tragedies.Learn from the mistakes of others. This invaluable and respected book examines the causes and aftermaths of numerous plant disasters - almost every one of which could have been prevented. Case histories illustrate what went wrong and why it went wrong, and then guide you in how to circumvent similar tragedies.

  • Methods for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters

    A Patent-oriented Survey
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 115
    • M. Sideris
    • Inglés
    The dramatic evolution of catalytic converters in the last thirty years was a result of a need worldwide to reduce pollution created by the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. Environmental concerns have led American, Japanese and European Union (EU) legislation to pose continuously stricter emission limits for petrol engines in the last decades. The catalytic converter has become the most important means of exhaust treatment to achieve the desired emission limits. The international legislation has also created a need for a regular assessment of the efficiency of the catalytic converter in order to detect a deterioration of its conversion efficiency as soon as this deterioration takes place. The assessment of conversion efficiency of a catalytic converter can take place during normal driving of a vehicle (on-board diagnosis or OBD) or in a workshop by specialized technicians. The most important methods nowadays are the OBD methods. The evolution of methods concerned with OBD and non-OBD monitoring and diagnosing of efficiency of catalytic converters of internal combustion engines is described based on patents and published patent applications. Non-patent references are also used. The basic principles of modern catalytic converters are described in an extensive Introduction, where the importance of monitoring and diagnosing the efficiency of catalytic converters is demonstrated. The book is divided into four parts. The first part describes methods involving the use of oxygen or air/fuel exhaust gas sensors to determine the oxygen storage capacity of a catalytic converter. The second part describes methods involving the use of temperature sensors to determine the exothermic reaction capacity of a catalytic converter. The third part describes all other methods existing in patent literature that monitor and diagnose the efficiency of catalytic converters. The great majority of the methods of the third part involves exhaust gas concentration measurements. The fourth part comprises a general discussion of all methods described. In the beginning of each part, a short introduction is given to explain the problem that the methods attempt to solve. The methods in each part are presented in chronological order per patent applicant. This helps to evaluate how the patent applicant has improved his methods over time. A patent number index with information about the patent applicants, inventors, priorities and patent-families, an inventor index, a company index and a subject index can be found at the end of the book.

  • Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control IV

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 116
    • N. Kruse + 2 más
    • Inglés
    In spite of the energy crises and the recession, there has been a global, explosive growth in the amount of motor vehicles. In the past 50 years, the amount has increased from 50 to 700 million vehicles. For economical reasons they will probably continue to be used for a considerable number of years, despite the poor yield of internal combustion engines resulting in the inevitable production of some gaseous pollutants. The subsequent increase of gaseous pollutants in our atmosphere caused by exhaust gas from automobiles has enhanced the problem of the elimination of these pollutants produced by internal combustion engines. Catalysis has proven to be the best solution to lower the content of exhaust gas in pollutants.As its predecessors, CAPoC4 proved to be a suitable platform for discussing technological improvements and developments along with future perspectives and challenges. In the light of new results and further legislative regulations, the following topics were intensely discussed: *low light-off behaviour based on improved catalysts and substrate formulations*efficie... adsorber systems for storage of hydrocarbon emissions*electrical... heated catalyst systems ahead the main catalyst or, alternatively, close coupled catalysts (at the manifold of the engine)• lean DeNOx catalysts allowing for decomposition of NOx in the oxygen-rich exhaust of direct injection gasoline engines and high speed injection diesel engines or, alternatively, NOx trapping/reduction in a hybrid approach* collection and destruction of dry particulates or soot.There is no doubt that clean vehicle technology is a vital part of improving air quality. Challenges remain and call for technological answers. Catalytic air pollution control is still an area providing a considerable incentive for innovative work.

  • Advances in Heat Transfer

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 31
    • Inglés
    Advances in Heat Transfer is designed to fill the information gap between regularly scheduled journals and university level textbooks by providing in-depth review articles over a broader scope than is allowablein either journals or texts.

  • Microbiological Analysis of Food and Water

    Guidelines for Quality Assurance
    • 1 Edición
    • N.F. Lightfoot + 1 más
    • Inglés
    With the help of leading Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) microbiology specialists in Europe, a complete set of guidelines on how to start and implement a quality system in a microbiological laboratory has been prepared, supported by the European Commission through the Measurement and Testing Programme. The working group included food and water microbiologists from various testing laboratories, universities and industry, as well as statisticians and QA and QC specialists in chemistry.This book contains the outcome of their work. It has been written with the express objective of using simple but accurate wording so as to be accessible to all microbiology laboratory staff. To facilitate reading, the more specialized items, in particular some statistical treatments, have been added as an annex to the book. All QA and QC tools mentioned within these guidelines have been developed and applied by the authors in their own laboratories. All aspects dealing with reference materials and interlaboratory studies have been taken in a large part from the projects conducted within the BCR and Measurement and Testing Programmes of the European Commission.With so many different quality control procedures, their introduction in a laboratory would appear to be a formidable task. The authors recognize that each laboratory manager will choose the most appropriate procedures, depending on the type and size of the laboratory in question. Accreditation bodies will not expect the introduction of all measures, only those that are appropriate for a particular laboratory.Features of this book:• Gives all quality assurance and control measures to be taken, from sampling to expression of results• Provides practical aspects of quality control to be applied both for the analyst and top management• Describes the use of reference materials for statistical control of methods and use of certified reference materials (including statistical tools).

  • Advances in Catalysis

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 42
    • Inglés
    Since 1948, this Series has filled the gap between the papers that report and the textbooks that teach in the diverse areas of catalysis research. The editors of and contributors to Advances in Catalysis are dedicated to recording progress in this area. Each volume of Advances in Catalysis contains articles covering a subject of broad interest.

  • Adsorption of Metals by Geomedia

    Variables, Mechanisms, and Model Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • Everett Jenne
    • Inglés
    Adsorption of Metals by Geomedia, serves as a needed resource for this topic which has received much attention during the past 15 years. The book provides an in-depth review of the field, followed by numerouschapters that document the current status of adsorption research for a variety of metals by geomedia ranging from individual minerals to sediments and soils. Adsorption mechanisms are detailed and precipitation is presented as a distinct sorption process.Virtually all factors affecting the extent of metal adsorption are examined, including the effects of selected anions, competition among metals, pH, metal concentration, loading, variable metal adsorption capacity, ionic strength, hydrogen exchange and stoichiometry, and solids concentration. A variety of adsorption models are briefly presented and some are used to extend laboratory studies to field sites. The book is comprised of a collection of papers contributed by leading investigators from Canada, France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the US.

  • The International Paper Trade

    • 1 Edición
    • Tom Bolton
    • Inglés
    The international paper trade discusses the whole spectrum of the pulp and paper industry and is designed for busy readers in the industry and its allied trades who need a thorough understanding of the trade.The international paper trade provides a comprehensiveguide to the:Fundamentals of the paper businessDrivers of change and their effectsChanging nature of the businessThe book begins with a brief outline of the history and technology of the industry and goes on to show the production, consumption, import and export levels in the major regions for the last 15-20 years. Tom Bolton then examines the factors that are driving the industry today, including forestry issues, the principal raw materials used in pulp and paper manufacture, and environmental issues. Finally, the book looks to the future and what the next decade holds for the industry.

  • Advances in Chemical Conversions for Mitigating Carbon Dioxide

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 114
    • T. Inui + 4 más
    • Inglés
    Global environmental problems, especially global warming caused by the accelerative accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, are of great importance for humans. The world's population is now approaching 6 billion, and is still increasing. Developments in communication systems and transportation tools have made the circulation of information, technologies and materials easier, which results in rapid economic growth, particularly in the East and Southeastern Asian countries. Increased affluence leads to an increased consumption of fossil fuels. Inevitably, this leads to an increase in carbon dioxide emission and environmentally hazardous materials which in turn precipitates climatic changes on a global scale. Recent studies showed that the increase in carbon dioxide emission for last year was the highest in the past seven years, and the total amount of carbon dioxide emission from all over the world reached 6.5 billion tons. Furthermore, one cannot overlook the report which appeared recently in Nature, that the floor-area of the iceberg in the South Pole has already decreased by 25% in the past five decades.Over 260 scientists and engineers from 21 countries who had a strong interest and wished to contribute to solve the carbon dioxide problem attended this conference. The papers presented in this volume cover most of the possibilities of the chemical conversion of carbon dioxide.

  • Recent Advances in Basic and Applied Aspects of Industrial Catalysis

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 113
    • T.S.R. Prasada Rao + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Since the Catalysis Society of India was formed in 1973, it has grown into a vibrant and active professional body serving the Indian catalysis community and acts as a professional link between them and the rest of the world. The Silver Jubilee Symposium of the CSI, the thirteenth in a successful series of national symposia, brought together all those devoted to various aspects of this fascinating interdisciplinary field of catalysis. More than 400 delegates from around the country attended and there was considerable international participation. The scientific programme of the symposium covered different aspects of catalysis, processes based on catalysis and novel catalysis materials for various applications. This volume comprises two eminent scientist award lectures, six plenary lectures, five invited papers and 111 contributed papers which were critically selected from an impressive response to the call for papers.

  • Frontiers in Tissue Engineering

    • 1 Edición
    • C.W. Patrick + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Frontiers in Tissue Engineering is a carefully edited compilation of state-of-the-art contributions from an international authorship of experts in the diverse subjects that make up tissue engineering. A broad representation of the medical, scientific, industrial and regulatory community is detailed in the book. The work is an authoritative and comprehensive reference source for scientists and clinicians working in this emerging field.The book is divided into three parts: fundamentals and methods of tissue engineering, tissue engineering applied to specialised tissues, and tissue engineering applied to organs. The text offers many novel approaches, including a detailed coverage of cell-tissue interactions at cellular and molecular levels; cell-tissue surface, biochemical, and mechanical environments; biomaterials; engineering design; tissue-organ function; new approaches to tissue-organ regeneration and replacement of function; ethical considerations of tissue engineering; and government regulation of tissue-engineered products.

  • Adsorption Technology and Design

    • 1 Edición
    • Barry Crittenden + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Adsorption is of considerable industrial importance and is a major part of many different processes throughout the chemical and process industries, including many reactions - chemical and bio-chemical, purification and filtration, gas and liquid processing and catalysis. Adsorption is a complex process and this makes the correct design and implementation of its operation all the more critical. The aim of this book is to provide all those involved in designing and running adsorption processes with a straightforward guide to the essentials of adsorption technology and design. It will therefore be an important addition to the bookshelves of both student and professional chemical, plant and process engineers in industries as varied as the petrochemical, pharmaceutical and food processing fields. Adsorption is of considerable industrial importance and is a major part of many different processes throughout the chemical and process industries, including many reactions - chemical and bio-chemical, purification and filtration, gas and liquid processing and catalysis. Adsorption is a complex process and this makes the correct design and implementation of its operation all the more critical. The aim of this book is to provide all those involved in designing and running adsorption processes with a straightforward guide to the essentials of adsorption technology and design. It will therefore be an important addition to the bookshelves of both student and professional chemical, plant and process engineers in industries as varied as the petrochemical, pharmaceutical and food processing fields.

  • Plastics Engineering

    • 3 Edición
    • R. J Crawford
    • Inglés
    This book presents in a single volume the basic essentials of the properties and processing behaviour of plastics and composites. The aim is to give engineers and technologists a sound understanding of basic principles without the introduction of unduly complex levels of mathematics or chemistry and thereby set plastics in their proper context as engineering materials.This textbook pioneered the approach whereby both properties and processing of reinforced and unreinforced plastics are covered in a single volume. It assumes no prior knowledge of plastics, and emphasises the practical aspects of the subject. In this third edition over half the book has been re-written and the remainder has been updated and re-organised. Early chapters give an introduction to the types of plastics which are currently available and describe how a designer goes about the selection of a plastic for a particular application. Later chapters lead the reader into more advanced aspects of mechanical design and analysis of polymer melt flow. All techniques developed are illustrated by numerous worked examples, and problems are given at the end of each chapter - the solutions to which form one of the appendices.

  • Humic Substances

    Structures, Properties And Uses
    • 1 Edición
    • E A Ghabbour + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The properties of humic substances (HSs) in plants, soils and sediments regulate the environment and affect all aspects of like, yet they are only very imprecisely understood. This volume presents work on HSs including instruments and techniques being developed to throw more light on their structure and relationship to macro- and micro-scopic properties.

  • Cosmetic and Toiletry Formulations, Vol. 7

    • 1 Edición
    • Ernest W. Flick
    • Inglés
    This book contains hundreds of cosmetic and toiletry formulations based on information received from numerous industrial companies and other organizations. Each formulation is indentified by a description of end use. The formulations contains a listing of each raw material, processing procedure, and source of the formula.

  • Color for Science, Art and Technology

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 1
    • Kurt Nassau
    • Inglés
    The aim of this book is to assemble a series of chapters, written by experts in their fields, covering the basics of color - and then some more. In this way, readers are supplied with almost anything they want to know about color outside their own area of expertise. Thus, the color measurement expert, as well as the general reader, can find here information on the perception, causes, and uses of color. For the artist there are details on the causes, measurement, perception, and reproduction of color. Within each chapter, authors were requested to indicate directions of future efforts, where applicable. One might reasonably expect that all would have been learned about color in the more than three hundred years since Newton established the fundamentals of color science. This is not true because:• the measurement of color still has unresolved complexities (Chapter 2)• many of the fine details of color vision remain unknown (Chapter 3)• every few decades a new movement in art discovers original ways to use new pigments, and dyes continue to be discovered (Chapter 5)• the philosophical approach to color has not yet crystallized (Chapter 7)• new pigments and dyes continue to be discovered (Chapters 10 and 11)• the study of the biological and therapeutic effects of color is still in its infancy (Chapter 2).Color continues to develop towards maturity and the editor believes that there is much common ground between the sciences and the arts and that color is a major connecting bridge.

  • New Frontiers in Screening for Microbial Biocatalysts

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 53
    • K. Kieslich + 3 más
    • Inglés
    With screening and selection of biocatalysts being undervalued in Europe in comparison with USA and especially Japan, the working parties "Applied Biocatalysis" and "Microbial Physiology" of the European Federation of Biotechnology decided to organise an international symposium entitled "New Frontiers in Screening for Microbial Biocatalysts".Novel screening techniques, microbial biodiversity, microbial physiology and molecular genetics were discussed to give better insights into possibilities and limitations of obtaining biocatalysts from nature.These proceedings provide a comprehensive overview of the present state-of-the-art in the field of biocatalysts screening.

  • Low-temperature Combustion and Autoignition

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 35
    • M.J. Pilling
    • Inglés
    Combustion has played a central role in the development of our civilization which it maintains today as its predominant source of energy. The aim of this book is to provide an understanding of both fundamental and applied aspects of low-temperature combustion chemistry and autoignition. The topic is rooted in classical observational science and has grown, through an increasing understanding of the linkage of the phenomenology to coupled chemical reactions, to quite profound advances in the chemical kinetics of both complex and elementary reactions. The driving force has been both the intrinsic interest of an old and intriguing phenomenon and the centrality of its applications to our economic prosperity. The volume provides a coherent view of the subject while, at the same time, each chapter is self-contained.

  • Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants: Volume 2

    • 3 Edición
    • Ernest E. Ludwig
    • Inglés
    This latest edition covers the technical performance and mechanical details of converting the chemical and petrochemical process into appropriate hardware for distillation and packed towers. It incorporates recent advances and major innovations in distillation contacting devices and features new generations of packing. In addition, this new edition reflects the significant progress that has been made in process design techniques in recent years. Volume 2's example calculation techniques guide in the preparation of preliminary and final rating designs. In some instances, the book includes manufacturers' procedures and notes clearly indicate when manufacturers should verify results.

  • Environmental Electrochemistry

    Fundamentals and Applications in Pollution Sensors and Abatement
    • 1 Edición
    • Krishnan Rajeshwar + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The first book of its kind, Environmental Electrochemistry considers the role that electrochemical science and engineering can play in environmental remediation, pollution targeting, and pollutant recycling. Electrochemical-base... sensors and abatement technologies for the detection, quantification, and treatment of environmental pollutants are described. Each chapter includes an extensive listing of supplemental readings, with illustrations throughout the bookto clarify principles and approaches detailed in the text.

  • Handbook of Cathodic Corrosion Protection

    • 3 Edición
    • Walter von Baeckmann + 2 más
    • Inglés
    This comprehensive handbook covers all aspects of cathodic protection in terms of both practice and theory.

  • Third World Congress on Oxidation Catalysis

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 110
    • S.T. Oyama + 3 más
    • Inglés
    The overall theme of the 3rd World Congress is "Atom Efficient Catalytic Oxidations for Global Technologies". This theme was chosen to stimulate the participants to report their findings with an emphasis on conserving valuable material in their catalytic transformations, as well as conserving energy, in an environmentally responsible manner. Progress towards this stated goal is substantial as evidenced by the tremendous response of the community in their participation of quality publications complied in these Proceedings of the Congress.The subjects presented span a wide range of oxidation reactions and catalysts. These include the currently important area of lower alkane oxidation to the corresponding olefins, unsaturated aldehydes, acids and nitriles.The four featured lectures and seven plenary lectures constitute the general background and overview of the subject matter at hand. The 104 contributed papers and 13 poster manuscripts, summarized in this compendium, probe new avenues to achieve catalytically efficient oxidation reactions for the future needs of mankind in a global environment.

  • Catalyst Deactivation 1997

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 111
    • G.A. Fuentes + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Catalyst Deactivation 1997 focused on 9 key topical areas: carbon deposition and coke formation, chemicals, environmental catalysis, modeling, petroleum processing, poisoning, syngas conversion, techniques, and thermal degradation. All of these areas were well represented at the meeting; moreover, several review articles were presented that provide perspectives on new research and development thrusts. The proceedings of the meeting are organized with six review and award articles at the front of the volume followed by topical articles a keynote, 5-6 oral, and 2-3 poster papers. A list of authors is provided at the end of the book. It should be emphasized that all of the papers were ranked and reviewed by members of the Scientific Committee.

  • Mixing in the Process Industries

    Second Edition
    • 1 Edición
    • A W NIENOW + 2 más
    • Inglés
    This volume is a valuable reference work for the student and the practising engineer in the chemical, pharmaceutical, minerals, food, plastics, paper and metallurgical industries. The second edition of this successful text has been thoroughly rewritten and updated. Based on the long running post-experience course produced by the University of Bradford, in association with the Institution of Chemical Engineers, it covers all aspects of mixing, from fundamentals through to design procedures in single and multi-phase systems. Experts from both industry and academia have contributed to this work giving both a theoretical practical approach. It covers dry and wet powders, single and two-phase liquids, solid/liquid and gas/liquid systems. The range of mixers available for such diverse duties is dealt with, including tumbler mixers for powders, mechanically agitated vessels, in-line continuous mixers and jet mixers. Coverage is given of the range of mixing objectives, varying from achieving product uniformity to obtaining optimum conditions for mass transfer and chemical reactions. This volume is a valuable reference work for the student and the practising engineer in the chemical, pharmaceutical, minerals, food, plastics, paper and metallurgical industries. The second edition of this successful text has been thoroughly rewritten and updated. Based on the long running post-experience course produced by the University of Bradford, in association with the Institution of Chemical Engineers, it covers all aspects of mixing, from fundamentals through to design procedures in single and multi-phase systems. Experts from both industry and academia have contributed to this work giving both a theoretical practical approach. It covers dry and wet powders, single and two-phase liquids, solid/liquid and gas/liquid systems. The range of mixers available for such diverse duties is dealt with, including tumbler mixers for powders, mechanically agitated vessels, in-line continuous mixers and jet mixers. Coverage is given of the range of mixing objectives, varying from achieving product uniformity to obtaining optimum conditions for mass transfer and chemical reactions.

  • Dynamics of Surfaces and Reaction Kinetics in Heterogeneous Catalysis

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 109
    • G.F. Froment + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Many processes of the chemical industry are based upon heterogeneous catalysis. Two important items of these processes are the development of the catalyst itself and the design and optimization of the reactor. Both aspects would benefit from rigorous and accurate kinetic modeling, based upon information on the working catalyst gained from classical steady state experimentation, but also from studies using surface science techniques, from quantum chemical calculations providing more insight into possible reaction pathways and from transient experimentation dealing with reactions and reactors. This information is seldom combined into a kinetic model and into a quantitative description of the process. Generally the catalytic aspects are dealt with by chemists and by physicists, while the chemical engineers are called upon for mechanical aspects of the reactor design and its control. The symposium "Dynamics of Surfaces and Reaction Kinetics in Heterogeneous Catalysis" aims at illustrating a more global and concerted approach through a number of prestigious keynote lectures and severely screened oral and poster presentations.

  • Gas Purification

    • 5 Edición
    • Arthur L Kohl + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This massively updated and expanded fifth edition is the most complete, authoritative engineering treatment of the dehydration and gas purification processes used in industry today. Of great value to design and operations engineers, it gives practical process and equipment design descriptions, basic data, plant performance results, and other detailed information on gas purification processes and hardware. This latest edition incorporates all significant advances in the field since 1985.You will find major new chapters on the rapidly expanding technologies of nitrogen oxide control, with discussions of regulatory requirements and available processes; absorption in physical solvents, covering single component and mixed solvent systems; and membrane permeation, with emphasis on the gas purification applications of membrane units. In addition, new sections cover areas of strong current interest, particularly liquid hydrocarbon treating, Claus plant tail gas treating, thermal oxidation of volatile organic compounds, and sulfur scavenging processes.This volume brings you expanded coverage of alkanolamines for hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide removal, the removal and use of ammonia in gas purification, the use of alkaline salt solutions for acid gas removal, and the use of water to absorb gas impurities. The basic technologies and all significant advances in the following areas are thoroughly described: sulfur dioxide removal and recovery processes, processes for converting hydrogen sulfide to sulfur, liquid phase oxidation processes for hydrogen sulfide removal, the absorption of water vapor by dehydrating solutions, gas dehydration and purification by adsorption, and the catalytic and thermal conversion of gas impurities.

  • Fossil Hydrocarbons

    Chemistry and Technology
    • 1 Edición
    • Norbert Berkowitz
    • Inglés
    Fossil hydrocarbons form a continuous series whose"heavy"members-... oils, bitumens, oil shale kerogens, and coal--are important sources of conventional lighter fuels. These hydrocarbons are much more abundant and easier to extract than natural gas and oil. This book discusses the origins and compositions of fossil hydrocarbons and shows how the"heavies"can be chemically transformed into environmentally clean gas, liquid transportation fuels, and an almost unlimited range of petrochemicals.Dr. Berkowitz explodes the entrenched dichotomy between"petroleum hydrocarbons"and coal that has shaped popular perceptions of energy, showing that it is feasible to develop new technologies that capitalize on the availability of"synthetic"natural gas and light oils.Fossil Hydrocarbons: Chemistry and Technology is a comprehensive treatment of fossil hydrocarbons, covering the source materials, biosources, metamorphic histories, geochemistry, classification, and molecular structure. It discusses the use of fossil hydrocarbons as a viable energy source in our future, detailing the preparation, processing and conversion technologies, as well as discussing the environmental issues that arise from production, processing, and use of various fossil hydrocarbons.

  • Offshore Blowouts: Causes and Control

    • 1 Edición
    • Per Holland Ph.D.
    • Inglés
    This book, based on the SINTEF Offshore Blowout Database, thoroughly examines U.S. Gulf of Mexico and Norwegian and UK North Sea blowouts that occurred from 1980 to 1994. This book reveals the operations that were in progress at the onset of the blowouts and helps you learn from the mistakes of others.

  • Heterogeneous Catalysis and Fine Chemicals IV

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 108
    • H.U. Blaser + 2 más
    • Inglés
    After three meetings in Poitiers, France, the 4th International Symposium on Heterogeneous Catalysis and Fine Chemicals was held under the auspices of the New Swiss Chemical Society in Basel, Switzerland. Fundamental as well as applied contributions on the use of heterogeneous catalysis for the preparation of fine chemicals were presented and discussed.The program consisted of 4 plenary lectures, 28 oral contributions and around 90 posters covering a broad range of reactions and catalytic aspects. 82 of these contributions are collected in the present proceedings, grouped into the following 8 topical areas:- Industrial and engineering problems (7 contributions)- Alkylation and acylation reactions (11 contributions)- Enantio- and diastereoselective hydrogenation reactions (9 contributions)- Chemoselective hydrogenation reactions (12 contributions)- Oxidation reactions (14 contributions)- Immobilized and encapsulated complex catalysts (12 contributions)- Zeolite and clay catalysts (12 contributions)- Miscellaneous topics (5 contributions)

  • Natural Gas Conversion IV

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 107
    • M. de Pontes + 4 más
    • Inglés
    The Fourth International Natural Gas Conversion Symposium was attended by 180 delegates from 25 countries. Representation was evenly balanced between industry and academia. The opening address was delivered by Mr Roy Pithey, Chairman of South Africa's Central Energy Fund, who dealt with the importance and utilisation of natural gas in sub-Saharan Africa. Plenary lectures were presented by Professors E. Iglesia (Catalyst design and selectivity for F-T synthesis) and E.E. Wolf (Oxidative Coupling Methane). A number of keynote addresses were delivered:- Dr T. Fleisch (Amoco) described the use of DME as a transport fuel and the work which has been carried out in this area in collaboration with Haldor Topsoe- Professor L.D. Schmidt (Univ. of Minnesota) explained his work on the direct conversion of methane at high velocities- Dr B. Jager (SASTECH R & D) reported on the recent developments in slurry and fluidized bed F-T reactors as SASOL- Dr J. Rostrup-Nielsen (Haldor Topsoe) discussed the role of catalysis in the conversion of natural gas for power generation.Areas signalled for further research were: direct conversion of methane to intermediate monomers; methanol conversion to higher alcohols; CO/H2 conversion in a commercially viable route to higher alcohols; and CO/H2 conversion to high quality gasoline. It is obvious that such developments would fit into the energy cycle which has moved from wood, to coal, to oil, to gas, and will most probably move to hydrogen.

  • Chemical Reaction Hazards

    • 2 Edición
    • Katherine Barton + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This revised edition of a best-selling book continues to provide a basis for the identification and evaluation of chemical reaction hazards for chemists, engineers, plant personnel, and students.Before undertaking the design of a chemical manufacturing process it is vital that the chemical reactions involved be fully understood, potential hazards assessed, and safety measures planned. Chemical Reaction Hazards aims to help the people responsible for this design and operation to meet the general duties of safety.Two major additions to this revised book are the appendices. One of these describes 100 incidents, illustrating their cause and indicating consequences if appropriate procedures within this guide are not followed. The second provides a practical example of a typical chemical reaction hazard assessment, from consideration of the process description, through experimental testing to the specification of safety measures.

  • Neural Systems for Control

    • 1 Edición
    • Omid Omidvar + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Control problems offer an industrially important application and a guide to understanding control systems for those working in Neural Networks. Neural Systems for Control represents the most up-to-date developments in the rapidly growing aplication area of neural networks and focuses on research in natural and artifical neural systems directly applicable to control or making use of modern control theory. The book covers such important new developments in control systems such as intelligent sensors in semiconductor wafer manufacturing; the relation between muscles and cerebral neurons in speech recognition; online compensation of reconfigurable control for spacecraft aircraft and other systems; applications to rolling mills, robotics and process control; the usage of past output data to identify nonlinear systems by neural networks; neural approximate optimal control; model-free nonlinear control; and neural control based on a regulation of physiological investigation/blood pressure control. All researchers and students dealing with control systems will find the fascinating Neural Systems for Control of immense interest and assistance.

  • Hydrotreatment and Hydrocracking of Oil Fractions

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 106
    • B. Delmon + 2 más
    • Inglés
    The symposium on Hydrotreatment and Hydrocracking of Oil Fractions aims to provide a global perspective and an inspection of the state-of-the-art of these processes. New American, European and Japanese environmental regulations call for advanced hydrotreatment processes for HDS and HDN for the removal of S- and Ni-components from oil fractions. These will alter the product slate of the oil refineries and the hydrocarbon composition of these products. Hydrocracking will play an important part in this shift.Adapting the operating conditions will not suffice to reach the desired product specifications and yields. Adequate catalysts will have to be developed. Powerful tools are now available for this, e.g. surface science techniques, molecular modeling and new types of reactors operated in a nonsteady mode.Another instrument in the improvement of hydrotreatment and hydrocracking units is the availability of more realistic kinetic models. These are based on a judicious insight into the reaction mechanism, also provided by the above-mentioned tools. Progress in the analytical techniques has allowed the reduction of the lumping of components in these kinetic models and first order kinetic equations are gradually replaced by equations accounting for the adsorption of the various components.More detailed and more realistic reactor models are now based on rigorous hydrodynamic models and their application has become possible through the rapidly increasing possibilities of computers.

  • Material and Energy Balancing in the Process Industries

    From Microscopic Balances to Large Plants
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 7
    • V.V. Veverka + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This book represents the systematic coverage of mass and energy balancing in the process industries. The classical treatment of balances in the available literature is complemented in the following areas:- systematic analysis of large systems by Graph theory- comprehensive thermodynamic analysis (entropy and availability)- balancing on the basis of measured plant data (data reconciliation)- measurement design and optimisation- dynamic balancing- plant-wide regular mass and energy balancing as a part of company's information system.The major areas addressed are:- single- and multi-component balancing- energy balance- entropy and exergy (availability) balances- solvability of balancing problems- balancing with data reconciliation- dynamic balancing- measurement design and optimisation- regular balancing of large industrial systems.The book is directed to chemical engineers, plant designers, technologists, information technology managers, control engineers and instrumentation engineers in process industries. Major areas of applications are process industries and energy production, such as oil refining, natural gas processing, petrochemistry, chemical industries, mineral processing and utility production and distribution systems. University students and teachers of chemical engineering and control will also find the book invaluable.

  • Non-Invasive Monitoring of Multiphase Flows

    • 1 Edición
    • J. Chaouki + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Non-Invasive Monitoring of Multiphase Flows is a result of the latest advances realized in non-invasive measurement of multiphase systems by means of various tomographic and velocimetric techniques. Written by experts on special topics within the realm of this subject, the book reviews in 15 chapters the theoretical background and the physics of the measurement process for each of a number of techniques. In addition, the mathematical modeling related to the measured property, such as in the image reconstitution problem for tomography, successful application of the techniques for measurement in various multiphase systems and their advantages and limitations are described.Features of this book:- Comprehensive and Complete. Covers both theoretical and application viewpoints of noninvasive measuring techniques in multiphase systems. There is no book available on this subject in the field of multiphase flows- Versatile. Material is presented in such a way that the book can be used either for research or for teaching graduate students specializing in the topic of multiphase flows- Awareness and Uniformity. The engineering community is made aware of advantages of these new techniques and they are presented in a uniform package.The editors strive to provide a comprehensive compendium of all the relevant information essential for practising engineers, consultants, university professors, graduate students and technicians who are involved in the study of multiphase flow phenomena. The book, although directed to the study of multiphase systems of interest to the chemical engineer, also provides valuable information for all other engineering disciplines that deal with multiphase systems.

  • Humic Substances, Peats and Sludges

    Health and Environmental Aspects
    • 1 Edición
    • M H B Hayes + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Based on the contributions given at a leading international conference, this volume concentrates on developments in the environmentally-frie... disposal of sludges and on the reawakened interest in composting which has emerged as a result of significant European directives.

  • Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Handbook

    Principles, Process Design and Equipment
    • 2 Edición
    • Henry C. Vogel + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This is a well-rounded handbook of fermentation and biochemical engineering presenting techniques for the commercial production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals via fermentation. Emphasis is given to unit operations fermentation, separation, purification, and recovery. Principles, process design, and equipment are detailed. Environment aspects are covered. The practical aspects of development, design, and operation are stressed. Theory is included to provide the necessary insight for a particular operation. Problems addressed are the collection of pilot data, choice of scale-up parameters, selection of the right piece of equipment, pinpointing of likely trouble spots, and methods of troubleshooting. The text, written from a practical and operating viewpoint, will assist development, design, engineering and production personnel in the fermentation industry. Contributors were selected based on their industrial background and orientation. The book is illustrated with numerous figures, photographs and schematic diagrams.

  • Advanced Cleaning Product Formulations, Vol. 4

    • 1 Edición
    • Ernest W. Flick
    • Inglés
    This book presents more than 435 up-to-date advanced cleaning product formulations for household, industrial and automotive applications. All formulations are completely different from those in other volumes.

  • Handbook of Fire & Explosion Protection Engineering Principles for Oil, Gas, Chemical, & Related Facilities

    • 1 Edición
    • Dennis P. Nolan
    • Inglés
    The security and economic stability of many nations and multinational oil companies are highly dependent on the safe and uninterrupted operation of their oil, gas and chemical facilities. One of the most critical impacts that can occur to these operations are fires and explosions from accidental or political incidents. This publication is intended as a general engineering handbook and reference guideline for those personnel involved with fire and explosion protection aspects of critical hydrocarbon facilities. Design guidelines and specifications of major, small and independent oil companies as well as information from engineering firms and published industry references have been reviewed to assist in its preparation. Some of the latest published practices and research into fire and explosions have also been mentioned.

  • Equilibria and Dynamics of Gas Adsorption on Heterogeneous Solid Surfaces

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 104
    • W.A. Steele + 2 más
    • Inglés
    The fact that the surfaces of real solids are geometrically distorted and chemically non-uniform has long been realized by the scientists investigating various phenomena occurring on solid surfaces. Even in the case when diffraction experiments show a well-organized bulk solid structure, the surface atoms or molecules will usually exhibit a much smaller degree of surface organization. In addition to the results obtained from electron diffraction, this can be seen in the impressive images obtained from STM and AFM microscopies. This geometric and chemical disorder is the source of the energetic heterogeneity for molecules adsorbing on real solid surfaces. Hundreds of papers have been published showing that this heterogeneity is a major factor in determining the behaviour of real adsorption systems.Studies of adsorption on energetically heterogeneous surfaces have proceeded along three somewhat separate paths, with only minor coupling of ideas. One was the study of adsorption equilibria on heterogeneous solid surfaces. The second path was the study of time evolution of adsorption processes such as surface diffusion or adsorption-desorptio... kinetics on heterogeneous surfaces, and the third was the study of adsorption in porous solids, or more generally, adsorption in systems with limited dimensions. The present monograph is a first attempt to provide a synthesis of the ways that surface geometric and energetic heterogeneities affect both the equilibria and the time evolution of adsorption on real solids. The book contains 17 chapters written by a team of internationally recognized specialists, some of whom have already published books on adsorption.

  • NMR Spectroscopy and its Application to Biomedical Research

    • 1 Edición
    • S.K. Sarkar
    • Inglés
    NMR has become the most diverse spectroscopic tool available to date in biomedical research. It is now routinely used to study biomolecular structure and dynamics particularly as a result of recent developments of a cascade of highly sophisticated multidimensional NMR pulse sequences, and of advances in genetic engineering to produce biomolecules, uniformly or selectively enriched with 13C, 15N and 2H.Features of this book:• Provides an up-to-date treatment of NMR techniques and their application to problems of biomedical interest• Most refined multidimensional pulse sequences including the basic aspects are covered by leading NMR spectroscopists.The book will be useful to NMR spectroscopists, biochemists, and to molecular biologists interested in the use of NMR techniques for solving biological problems.

  • Progress in Zeolite and Microporous Materials

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 105
    • H. Chon + 2 más
    • Inglés
    The proceedings of the 11th Zeolite Conference has been published in three volumes, containing 5 plenary lectures and 274 full papers. Part A comprises Synthesis and Characterization (99 papers), Part B Catalysis and Environment (102 papers) and Part C Adsorption and Diffusion, Modifications, Novel Materials and Theory (78 papers).Zeolite science and technology has been and continues to be an area receiving great attention. Increasing interest in the synthesis and the characterization of zeolite and microporous materials is reflected in the large number of contributions. Other areas gaining recognition include novel materials, adsorption, theory and modeling.

  • Fundamentals of Inorganic Membrane Science and Technology

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 4
    • A.J. Burggraaf + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Inorganic membrane science and technology is a new field of membrane separation technology which until recently was dominated by the earlier field of polymer membranes. Currently the subject is undergoing rapid development and innovation.The present book describes the fundamental principles of both synthesis of inorganic membranes and membrane supports and also the associated phenomena of transport and separation in a semi-quantitative form.Features of this book:- Examples are given which illustrate the state-of-the-art in the synthesis of membranes with controlled properties- Future possibilities and limitations are discussed- The reader is provided with references to more extended treatments in the literature- Potential areas for future innovation are indicated.By combining aspects of both the science and technology of inorganic membranes this book serves as a useful source of information for scientists and engineers working in this field. It also provides some observations of important investigators who have contributed to the development of this subject.

  • Handbook of Thermodynamic Diagrams

    Inorganic Compounds and Elements
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 4
    • Carl L. Yaws
    • Inglés
    Thermodynamic property data are important in many engineering applications in the chemical processing and petroleum refining industries. The "Handbook of Thermodynamic Diagrams" series presents volume and enthalpy diagrams (graphs) for the major organic chemicals and hydrocarbons, as well as the major inorganic compounds and elements. The graphs, arranged by carbon number and chemical formula, cover a wide range of pressures and temperatures to enable engineers to determine quickly values at various points. This volume covers inorganic compounds and elements.

  • Advanced Catalysts and Nanostructured Materials

    Modern Synthetic Methods
    • 1 Edición
    • William R. Moser
    • Inglés
    The time has come for an assessment of the most important techniques for the fabrication of advanced catalysts. Catalyst production alone is more than a billion dollar business each year, and the product value of chemical processes using advanced catalysts is a few trillion dollars annually. This book seeks to provide a modern, materials science account of the best and most current techniques for the synthesis of advanced catalytic materials. Until now, there has been no single book which contains a definitive and comprehensive description of the important technologies for catalyst synthesis within the context of modern materials science. Academic researchers both in the catalytic sciences and materials sciences must have the best synthesis technologies available to accomplish the preparation of solid-state materials of specific structure and morphology. Althugh the emphasis is on new synthetic techniques for catalytic applications, the bookpresents all of the important technologies for the fabrication of electronic and structural ceramics, and superconductors.

  • Rheology for Polymer Melt Processing

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 5
    • J.-M. Piau + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This book presents the main results obtained by different laboratories involved in the research group Rheology for polymer melt processing which is associated with French universities, schools of engineering, and the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - France). The group comprises some 15 research laboratories of varied disciplines (chemistry, physics, material sciences, mechanics, mathematics), but with a common challenge viz. to enhance the understanding of the relationships between macromolecular species, their rheology and their processing. Some crucial issues of polymer science have been addressed: correlation of viscoelastic macroscopic bulk property measurements and models, slip at the wall, extrusion defects, correlation between numerical flow simulations and experiments.Features of the book:• The book is unique in that it allows one to grasp the key issues in polymer rheology and processing at once through a series of detailed state-of-the-art contributions, which were previously scattered throughout the literature.• Each paper was reviewed by experts and the book editors and some coordination was established in order to achieve a readable and easy access style.• Papers have been grouped in sections covering successively: Molecular dynamics, Constitutive equations and numerical modelling, Simple and complex flows.• Each paper can be read independently.Since the book is intended as an introduction to the main topics in polymer processing, it will be of interest to graduate students as well as to scientists in academic and industrial laboratories.

  • Advanced Routes for Polymer Toughening

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 10
    • E. Martuscelli + 2 más
    • Inglés
    This volume is an account of the various approaches used to improve the toughness of polymer matrices. The correlations among the molecular structure of the components, the morphology and the mechanical properties of blend systems are stressed. Emphasis is placed on the methods used to control the structure of these materials during processing.The book concentrates on a number of systems which may be regarded as typologies of toughened plastics. From an extensive treatment of these systems more general concepts have been developed. These concepts which are indispensable in the design and formulation of tough polymer blends, include the role of the interface in multicomponent systems, the chemical reactivity of the blend components, the mode and state of dispersion of the second phase, the crystallinity and crystallization conditions, the glass transition temperature etc.The long term activity in the area is mainly reported, which started in the early seventies with the chemical modification of ethylene-propylene copolymers to be used as tougheners of Polyamide-6. Such a system is investigated further both from a fundamental and from an applicative point of view. The volume shows how intellectually stimulating and challenging the field of polymer toughening can be, and is intended to encourage the reader to do more research in this area.

  • High Pressure Chemical Engineering

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 12
    • P.R. von Rohr + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This present volume contains the text of all contributions (oral and posters), except for the four invited papers, which were presented at the 3rd International Symposium on High Pressure Chemical Engineering on October 7-9, 1996. The symposium was divided into three major sections, namely- Chemical reaction engineering- Separation processes and phase equilibria- Plant, apparatus, machinery, measurements, control.

  • Advances in Engineering Fluid Mechanics: Multiphase Reactor and Polymerization System Hydr

    • 1 Edición
    • Nicholas P Cheremisinoff
    • Inglés
    This volume of the Advances in Engineering Fluid Mechanics Series covers topics in hydrodynamics related to polymerization of elastomers and plastics. Emphasis is given to advanced concepts in multiphase reactor systems often used in the manufacturing of products. This volume is comprised of 30 chapters that address key subject areas such as multiphase mixing concepts, multicomponet reactors and the hydrodynamics associated with their operations, and slurry flow behavior associated with non-Newtonian flows.

  • Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 66
    • Inglés
    Established in 1960, Advances in Hetrocyclic Chemistry is the definitive serial in the area-one of great importance to organic chemists, polymer chemists, and many biological scientists.

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