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Elsevier

Libros en Química

  • Advances in Structure Research by Diffraction Methods

    Fortschritte der Strukturforschung mit Beugungsmethoden
    • 1 Edición
    • R. Brill + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Advances in Structure Research by Diffraction Methods reviews advances in the use of diffraction methods in structure research. Topics covered include the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction, with emphasis on Ewald waves in theory and experiment; dynamical theory of electron diffraction; small angle scattering; and molecular packing. This book is comprised of four chapters and begins with an overview of the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction, especially in terms of how it explains all the absorption and propagation properties of X-rays at the Bragg setting in a perfect crystal. The next chapter describes the dynamical theory of electron diffraction, paying particular attention to unconventional structure analysis in connection with the problems of absorption. The most important features of the background of small angle analysis are then examined, and some examples showing the direct analysis of small angle scattering (sometimes in combination with wide angle scattering) are provided. The last chapter deals with crystals built from molecules and their peculiar geometrical features. The principle of close packing of molecules in an organic crystal is also described, along with lattice dynamics, hydrogen bonds in crystals, and the rotational crystalline state. This monograph will be a useful resource for practitioners and researchers in physics and crystallography.

  • Gas Solubilities

    Widespread Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • William Gerrard
    • Inglés
    Gas Solubilities: Widespread Applications discusses several topics concerning the various applications of gas solubilities. The first chapter of the book reviews Henr's law, while the second chapter covers the effect of temperature on gas solubility. The third chapter discusses the various gases used by Horiuti, and the following chapters evaluate the data on sulfur dioxide, chlorine data, and solubility data for hydrogen sulfide. Chapter 7 concerns itself with solubility of radon, thoron, and actinon. Chapter 8 tackles the solubilities of diborane and the gaseous hydrides of groups IV, V, and VI of the periodic table. Chapter 9 discusses the solubility of gases containing fluorine, while Chapter 10 talks about Hildebrand's theory in the light of all gas solubility data. Chapter 11 covers the hydrogen halide system, while Chapter 12 deals with the solubility of gases in water and aqueous solutions of slats, inorganic acids and bases, and organic compounds. Chapter 13 discusses gases in sea water, while Chapter 14 covers aerosol propellants and Chapter 15 tackles the solubility of nitric oxide. Chapter 16 discusses the biotechnological aspects, and Chapter 17 talks about more on making holes. Chapter 18 covers the evaluation of data on phosphine. The book would be of great interest to researchers and professionals concerned with applications of the soluble nature of gases.

  • Raman Spectra of Hydrocarbons

    • 1 Edición
    • K. E. Sterin + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Raman Spectra of Hydrocarbons: A Data Handbook provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of the phenomenon of Raman scattering of light. This book discusses the methods of molecular spectroscopy, which occupy one of the primary places in investigations of the structure and composition of matter. This book begins with an overview of the conditions for obtaining the Raman spectra. This text then examines the spatial directivity and polarization of laser radiation, which makes it easy to measure the polarization properties of the Raman lines and their absolute intensity. The reader is also introduced to the comparison between the intensities of a given line and of the standard, which is carried out according to the rules of photographic photometry. This book discusses as well the spectrum of each hydrocarbon presented in the form of a table containing data on frequencies, intensities, and in several cases degrees of depolarization and width of the Raman lines. This book is a valuable resource for scientists.

  • The Determination of Carboxylic Functional Groups

    Monographs in Organic Functional Group Analysis
    • 1 Edición
    • R. D. Tiwari + 1 más
    • R. Belcher + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Monographs in Organic Functional Group Analysis, Volume 3: Determination of Carboxylic Functional Groups focuses on the quantitative determination of acid chlorides, esters, carboxylic acids, anhydrides, lactones, and amides. The monograph first takes a look at the determination of carboxylic acids. Countercurrent and electrophoretic separation of organic acids; polarography of organic acids; acid-base equilibrium in non-aqueous media; and titrimetric determination of acids are discussed. The book also examines the determination of acid anhydrides, chlorides, and esters. The characteristics and composition of acid chlorides and anhydrides, as well as the saponification and spectroscopic methods used in the identification of esters, are presented. The book also evaluates the methods and use of Grignard’s reagent in the determination of amides. The text also presents an analysis of binary and ternary mixtures. Mixtures of acids and acid chlorides, differentiation of acids, mixtures of acids and esters, and mixtures of acids and amides are discussed. The monograph is a vital reference for readers interested in the quantitative determination of acid chlorides, esters, carboxylic acids, and other related compounds.

  • Progress in Heterocyclic Chemistry

    A Critical Review of the 1993 Literature Preceded by Two Chapters on Current Heterocyclic Topics
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 6
    • H. Suschitzky + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Progress in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Volume 6, reviews critically the heterocyclic literature essentially published in 1993. The first two chapters are given over to reviews. The first review deals with the subject of the "halogen dance." The second review describes the application of selected "heterocycles as vehicles for synthesis." This type of review dealing mainly with five-membered ring transformations will prove useful to many readers. The remaining chapters describe advances in the heterocyclic field arranged according to ring-size, i.e., three-, four-, five-, six-, seven-, eight-membered rings, and larger rings. Numerous diagrams and a brief index will assist in locating areas of interest.

  • Indicators

    International Series of Monographs in Analytical Chemistry
    • 1 Edición
    • Edmund Bishop
    • Inglés
    Indicators offers a comprehensive account of indicators and their applications in areas such as titrimetric analysis and the analysis of mineral waters. The theory and principles of visual indicators are discussed, along with acid-base indicators, indicators for non-aqueous acid-base titrations, and titrations with non-chelating ligands. Metallochromic indicators, adsorption indicators, oxidation-reduction indicators, and fluorescent and chemiluminescent indicators are also considered. This volume is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with a brief history of indicators, including the contribution of Robert Boyle in the field. The different kinds of indicators are also described, along with developments in indicators in the nineteenth century. The next chapter deals with the theory and principles of visual indicators, followed by a discussion on acid-base indicators such as organic dyes, inorganic substances, compounds capable of fluorescence, and chemiluminescent systems. Subsequent chapters explore other varieties of indicators, including indicators for non-aqueous acid-base titrations, metallochromic indicators, and adsorption indicators, as well as oxidation-reduction indicators and fluorescent and chemiluminescent indicators. This book will be of interest to chemists.

  • Chemical Induction of Cancer

    Structural Bases and Biological Mechanisms
    • 1 Edición
    • Joseph C. Arcos + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Chemical Induction of Cancer: Structural Bases and Biological Mechanisms, Volume I discusses the role of chemicals in the genesis of cancer in man. This book is organized into two parts encompassing four chapters that also present the concepts and techniques of testing chemicals for carcinogenic potential. After an introduction to the distinctions between normal and neoplastic cells, this book goes on describing the structure of potential carcinogens, including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. The next chapter deals with the role of intra- and intermolecular forces of chemicals in their carcinogenic activity. The last chapter discusses some aspects of the pathology of chemically-induced tumors. This chapter also provides the concept and testing procedures of animal assays. This book is of great value to oncologists, pathologists, and general medical practitioners.

  • Photochemical Processes in Polymer Chemistry - 2

    Invited Lectures Presented at the Second IUPAC Symposium on Photochemical Processes in Polymer Chemistry, Leuven, Belgium, 2 - 4 June, 1976
    • 1 Edición
    • G. Smets
    • Inglés
    Photochemical Processes in Polymer Chemistry-2 contains invited lectures presented at the Second IUPAC Symposium on Photochemical Processes in Polymer Chemistry held at Leuven, Belgium on June 2-4, 1976. This book contains 11 papers separated as chapters. Topics include energy transfer processes; photoinitiation of polymerization; solid-state polymerization mechanisms; photoinduced ionic polymerizations; and photoconductive polymers. This text also discusses energy transfer phenomena in high polymer systems; laser spectroscopical methods for the study of primary processes during the photodegradation; photooxidation of high polymers; and reaction selectivity and molecular association in photochemical reactions of nucleic acids and their constituents. New developments in photochromic polymers and related phenomena, as well as the design of photoreactive polymer systems for imaging processes are also explained.

  • Survey of Progress in Chemistry

    Volume 4
    • 1 Edición
    • Arthur F. Scott
    • Inglés
    Survey of Progress in Chemistry, Volume 4 considers the principles common to all chemistry that undergo major developments and modifications, including aqueous solutions, carbanions, stable isotopes, nitrogen fixation, ionizing radiation, and organic compound luminescence. This volume is organized into six chapters. The first chapter surveys first the theories of water and aqueous solutions structure, followed by the evaluation of temperature, pressure, and electrolytes on water. This chapter emphasizes the role of water structure in biological systems. The second chapter covers the generation, capture, mechanism of stabilization, and isomerization of carbanions, while the separation and practical applications of isotopes are examined in the third chapter. The following chapter describes the mechanism of nitrogen fixation by those cells capable of fixing nitrogen. The concluding chapters explore some aspects of the energy transfer process and the formation of intermediate molecular species. These chapters also evaluate the luminescence of organic systems. This book is of value to college chemistry teachers and students.

  • Advances in Liquid Crystal Research and Applications

    Proceedings of the Third Liquid Crystal Conference of the Socialist Countries, Budapest, 27–31 August 1979
    • 1 Edición
    • Lajos Bata
    • Inglés
    Advances in Liquid Crystal Research and Applications, Volume 1 is a collection of papers presented at the Third Liquid Crystal Conference of the Socialist Countries, held in Budapest on August 27-31, 1979. This volume is comprised of three parts. The first part deals with the phases and structures of liquid crystals through methods employing synthesis, X-ray studies, electron diffraction, and calorimetric determination. The second part discusses molecular dynamics and dynamical methods where mostly dielectric investigations into liquid crystal properties are emphasized. This part includes the developments in the study of molecular dynamics in liquid crystals. Other topics presented in this part are the acousto-optical and ultrasonic relaxation methods. The third part covers the continual properties of liquid crystals: their properties and behavior when exposed to different testing methods and variables. For example, a correlation between viscosity coefficients of starting components and those of their mixtures is attempted, resulting when MBBA and EBBA in different percentages are mixed, that none of their coefficients is found to obey any pronounced law. However, the viscosity coefficients given in the table may serve as reference data for further studies. Physicists; process engineers; and graduate students in physics, chemistry, and materials science fields; and university professors and lecturers related to studies in the field of liquid crystals will find this collection of papers highly informative and rewarding.

  • Surface Chemistry

    Proceedings of Second Scandinavian Symposium on Surface Activity, Stockholm, November 18-19, 1964
    • 1 Edición
    • Per Ekwall + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Surface Chemistry presents the proceedings of the Second Scandinavian Symposium on Surface Activity, held in Stockholm, Sweden on November 18–19, 1964. This book discusses the important applications of surface chemistry in many problems of both fundamental and applied research. Organized into 25 chapters, this compilation of papers begins with an overview of the adsorption of mixed collector systems onto minerals chosen for their different surface energies. This text then describes the bonding of amine to the reactive residual matter on the mineral surface. Other chapters consider the solubilities of some 30 hormonal steroids in aqueous solutions of three association colloids of various types. This book discusses as well the relationships between chemical structure and biological degradation of surfactants. The final chapter deals with several properties of aqueous emulsions and of foam, which are determined by the stability of thin aqueous films against rupture. This book is a valuable resource for chemists.

  • Origin and Chemistry of Petroleum

    Proceedings of the Third Annual Karcher Symposium, Oklahoma, May 4, 1979
    • 1 Edición
    • Gordon Atkinson + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Origin and Chemistry of Petroleum explains that petroleum is produced from exceptionally disseminated organic matter of biological origin encased in extremely buried sediments. Production of petroleum starts when such sediments are exposed to higher temperatures resulting from increased depths of entombment in the sedimentary column. The book discusses that once the petroleum is created from source rocks, the material transfers into porous reservoir rocks. Such rocks, when discovered, will give enough supply of petroleum for commercial production. An evaluation of the molecular analysis of the thermal history of sediments is also discussed in the book. Concepts such as the biological marker compounds, stereochemical conversion, and lower Toarcian sediments are covered in detail. Analysis of organic matters, such as acyclic isoprenoids, steranes, hopanes, and porphyrins, is highlighted. The molecular distributions and stereochemical ratios are also covered in the book. The text can serve as a valuable tool for geologists, chemists, miners, students, and researchers in the field of chemistry.

  • Chemistry for the Welfare of Mankind

    Plenary and Session Lectures Presented at the Twentysixth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan, 4-10 September 1977
    • 1 Edición
    • T. Tsuruta + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Chemistry for the Welfare of Mankind covers the plenary and session lectures presented at the 26th International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, held in Tokyo, Japan on September 4–10, 1977. The book deals with the applications of chemistry, including clinical chemistry, energy resource, toxicity evaluation, and effects of compounds on the environment. The selection first discusses chemistry, macromolecules, and the needs of human; analysis of naturally occurring waters for toxic metals using combined ion exchange-solvent extraction procedures; and pure and applied photochemistry. The book also takes a look at automated analysis in clinical chemistry and behavior of trace chemical constituents in estuarine waters, including early discrete automation, changing challenges for the clinical laboratory, and studies on the Solent estuarine system. The book reviews the presence of lead in the hydrosphere; chemistry, population, and resources; and progress in biomedical materials. The text also focuses on gas phase diffusion and surface reactions in the chemical vapor deposition of silicon, reverse osmosis, liquid crystals and cell membranes, biopolymer synthesis on solid supports, and biological activities of toxic natural products. The selection is a dependable source for readers interested in applied chemistry.

  • Carotenoids – 4

    Main Lectures Presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Carotenoids, Berne, Switzerland, 25-29 August 1975
    • 1 Edición
    • B. C. L. Weedon
    • Inglés
    Carotenoids — 4 brings together the main lectures presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Carotenoids held in Berne, Switzerland, on August 25-29, 1975. The papers explore a wide range of topics relating to carotenoids, including their carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, stereochemistry, and biosynthesis. Carotenoid-protein complexes, carotenoid glycosides, xanthoxin and abscisic acid, and photoregulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants are also discussed. This book is comprised of 13 chapters and begins with an analysis of the carbon-13 NMR spectra of derivatives of beta-carotene, such as zeaxanthin, isozeaxanthin, violaxanthin, and alloxanthin. The reader is then introduced to carotenoid-protein complexes, with emphasis on the distinction between carotenoid-lipoglyco... complexes and astaxanthin-proteins in which the absorption band of the carotenoid is unaltered in shape. Subsequent chapters deal with carotenoid glycosides; the structures, chemical reactions, and stereochemistry of naturally occurring carotenoids; synthesis of carotenoids and related polyenes; and the apocarotenoid system of sex hormones and prohormones in Mucoraceous fungi. The early steps in and later reactions of carotenoid biosynthesis are also examined. The last chapter is devoted to the photoregulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants. This monograph will be a valuable source of information for chemists.

  • Oxidases and Related Redox Systems

    Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Oxidases and Related Redox Systems, held in the State University of New York at Albany, USA
    • 1 Edición
    • Tsso E. King + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Oxidases and Related Redox Systems is a collection of papers from the Third International Symposium on Oxidases and Related Reduction Systems held in Albany, New York on July 3-7, 1979. This book deals with the oxygen and peroxide activating enzymes field. The book addresses electron transfer related to oxygen biochemistry by comparing quantum, semiclassical, and classical methods of electron transfer reactions. Several papers then discuss the active and toxic states of oxygen and superoxide as the discovery of superoxide dismutase activity of erythrocuprein can provide a means to studying oxygen reaction in biological systems. One paper then compares the active sites of molluskan and arthropodan hemocyanins, which are known as reversible oxygen-carriers. The result of this study is presented in a table. Other papers discuss the flavin catalyzed reactions of molecular oxygen and the implications of the physiological function of D-amino acid oxidase from inhibition studies. The book then explains the role of carbon monoxide in the reaction mechanism of oxygen with cytochrome oxidase. This collection will prove beneficial for research students and professors in the field of biochemistry and chemical physics.

  • A Short Textbook of Colloid Chemistry

    • 2 Edición
    • B. Jirgensons + 1 más
    • Inglés
    A Short Textbook of Colloid Chemistry, Second Revised Edition details the factual aspect of colloid chemistry that includes the basic facts, established empirical and mathematical relationships, and practical applications. The chapters of the title are organized into two parts. In the first part, the text discusses the general concepts of colloid chemistry, such as the history and scope, basic terms, and basic methods in experiment with colloids. Part Two covers the technical aspect of colloid chemistry, such as the optical properties, electrical properties, and viscosity. The book will be of great use to students, researchers, and practitioners of disciplines that deal with colloids, such as chemistry and chemical engineering.

  • Selected Works in Organic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • A. N. Nesmeyanov
    • Inglés
    Selected Works in Organic Chemistry focuses on the processes, methodologies, reactions, and approaches involved in organic chemistry, including analysis of diazo compounds and infrared absorption spectra. The publication first offers information on the method of synthesis of aromatic organomercury salts; method of synthesis of symmetrical aromatic organomercury compounds; and diazo method of synthesis of aromatic organomercury compounds with negative substituent in nucleus. The reaction of aliphatic diazo compounds with mercury salts and synthesis of organotin compounds through diazo compounds are also discussed. The manuscript takes a look at the synthesis of aromatic organometal compounds of bismuth through diazo compounds; synthesis of aromatic germanium compounds through aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborate; and reduction of organomercury compounds by bivalent tin salts as a method of synthesis. The text also examines the activation energy of the disaggregation process of associated alkoxy titanium derivatives and determination of positions of substituents in ferrocene compounds by means of infrared absorption spectra. The publication is a valuable reference for readers interested in organic chemistry.

  • An Introduction to the Chemistry of Complex Compounds

    • 1 Edición
    • Aleksander Abramovich Grinberg
    • D. H. Busch + 1 más
    • Inglés
    An Introduction to the Chemistry of Complex Compounds discusses the fundamental concepts that are essential in understanding the underlying principles of complex compounds. The coverage of the book includes the compounds of the hexa, penta, and tetrammine type; compounds of the tri, dl, monoamine and hexacido types for the coordination number of 6; and complex compounds with a coordination number of 4. The text also covers the effects and chemical properties of complex compounds, such as the nature of the force of complex formation; the mutual effects of coordinated groups; and acid-base properties, oxidation-reduction properties, and solution equilibriums of complex compounds. The book will be of great use to chemists and chemical engineers.

  • Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis — 1972

    • 1 Edición
    • John McMurry + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis — 1972 presents a collection of 50 abstracted chemistry journals that cover organic synthesis. This book is comprised of eight chapters that cover different aspects of organic synthesis, such as reaction types and methods. The first three chapters tackle carbon–carbon bond forming reactions, oxidations, and reductions. Chapter IV discusses synthesis of heterocyclics, and Chapter V covers the use of protecting groups. Chapter VI talks about useful synthetic preparations. Chapters VII and VIII cover the miscellaneous reactions and reviews. The information provided by this text will be most useful to organic chemists.

  • Zinc Ions in Ear, Nose, and Throat Work

    • 1 Edición
    • A. R. Friel
    • Inglés
    Zinc Ions in Ear, Nose, and Throat Work presents the method of effectively treating otorrhea. This three-chapter text discusses the means of applying electric current to the infected area to introduce zinc ions into the tissue. It addresses the progress made with the treatment and the use of this in treating maxillary and frontal sinusitis. Some of the topics covered in the book are the dissociation of atoms into ions; description of a simple voltaic cell; features and chemical reactions in an electrolytic cell; and source and regulation of the electric current. The next chapter provides the basic procedures of using the zinc ion treatment and the clinical application of zinc ionization and zinc electrolysis in chronic otorrhea. An evaluation of tympanic sepsis treatment and the analysis of tympanic conditions with rhinitis and tonsillitis are presented. The last chapter is devoted to zinc ionization in the post-operative treatment of cerebral abscess. The book can provide useful information to doctors, students, and researchers.

  • Stereochemistry

    Basic Concepts and Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • M. Nógrádi
    • Inglés
    Stereochemistry: Basic Concepts and Applications is a three-chapter text that introduces the basic principles and concepts of stereochemistry, as well as its application to organic chemistry application. Chapter 1 describes first the stereochemistry of the ground state, specifically the configuration and conformation of organic compounds, as well as the most important methods for its investigation. This chapter also deals with the kinetics of conformational changes and provides an overview of the so-called "applied stereochemistry". Chapter 2 focuses on the analysis of the internal motions of the molecules and of the corresponding activation energies. This chapter also examines the principles of intramolecular symmetry. Chapter 3 considers the stereochemical aspect of several enzymic processes and the stereoisomerism of monotonic polymers and inorganic complexes. This book will be of great value to organic chemists and organic chemistry graduate students.

  • Synthesis of Feedback Systems

    • 1 Edición
    • Isaac M. Horowitz
    • Inglés
    Synthesis of Feedback Systems presents the feedback theory which exists in various feedback problems. This book provides techniques for the analysis and solution of these problems. The text begins with an introduction to feedback theory and exposition of problems of plant identification, representation, and analysis. Subsequent chapters are devoted to the application of the feedback point of view to any system; the principal useful properties of feedback; the feedback control system synthesis techniques; and the class of two degree-of-freedom feedback configurations and synthesis procedures appropriate for such configurations. The final chapter considers how to translate specifications from their typical original formulation, to the language appropriate for detailed design. The book is intended for engineers and graduate students of engineering design.

  • The Chemistry of Fluorine and Its Compounds

    • 1 Edición
    • H. J. Emeléus
    • Louis Meites
    • Inglés
    The Chemistry of Fluorine and Its Compounds is an expanded and updated treatment of the material presented in a series of five lectures given by Professor Emeleus while in residence at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in November and December, 1966. This book is one of a series of monographs made possible by a Science Center Development Grant from the National Science Foundation that enabled the Institute's Department of Chemistry to establish a Distinguished Visiting Lectureship that is held successively by a number of eminent chemists, each of whom has played a leading part in the development of some important area of chemical research. The book opens with an introductory chapter on the chemistry of fluorine. This is followed by separate chapters on halogen fluorides, oxygen fluorides, hypofluorites, fluorides of Group III, carbon fluorides; and perfluoro organometallic compounds fluorides of silicon, germanium, tin, and lead. Subsequent chapters deal with fluorides of nitrogen and related compounds; fluorides of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth; and fluorides of sulfur, selenium, and tellurium.

  • Advances in Electron Transfer Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Patrick S. Mariano
    • Inglés
    Advances in Electron Transfer Chemistry, Volume 4 presents the reaction mechanisms involving the movement of single electrons. This book discusses the electron transfer reactions in organic, biochemical, organometallic, and excited state systems. Organized into four chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the photochemical behavior of two classes of sulfonium salt derivatives. This text then examines the parameters that control the efficiencies for radical ion pair formation. Other chapters consider the progress in the development of parameters that control the dynamics and reaction pathways for radical ion pairs produced by the diffusional quenching of photoexcited molecules. This book discusses as well the criteria for distinguishing concerted from stepwise mechanisms in electrochemical and homogeneous reductive cleavage reactions in polar solvents. The final chapter deals with excited-state chemical transformation, particularly on photoinduced SET reactions in which amines and related substances serve as electron donors. This book is a valuable resource for scientists and electrochemists.

  • Elements of Psycho-Analysis

    • 1 Edición
    • W. R. Bion
    • Inglés
    Elements of Psycho-Analysis is a 20-chapter text that describes the phenomena whose various aspects can be seen to fall within the grid categories of psycho-analysis. The elements of psycho-analysis are ideas and feelings as represented by their setting in a single grid-category. The opening chapters deal with the psychoanalytic objects, which are associations and interpretations with extensions in the domain of sense, myth, and passion. The remaining chapters are extensive discussions of the psychoanalytic phenomena, including ideas, feelings, pain, association and interpretation, conflicting pairs, and the two axes of grid. This book is directed primarily to psycho-analysts and psychiatrists.

  • Structure and Crystallization of Glasses

    • 1 Edición
    • Werner Vogel
    • Inglés
    Structure and Crystallization of Glasses details glass structural analysis from an experimental perspective. The book is comprised of eight chapters that cover various structural concepts. The text first introduces the basic elements of glass structures, and then proceeds to discussing the development of classical structure theories. The next chapter presents research that deals with structure of prototype and original glasses. Next, the book details the position of the structural conceptions resulting from the studies. Chapter 5 talks about the crystallization behavior of glasses according to the classical studies of G. Tammann and their development. Chapter 6 deals with the effects of the composition of glass on the resulting form of a crystal phase in the course of growth. The seventh chapter discusses the microphases in glass and their relations to crystallization, and the last chapter details the directed crystallization in glass. The text will be of great use to individuals involved in the research, development, and application of glass technology, such as materials engineers and inorganic chemists.

  • Recommended Reference Materials for Realization of Physicochemical Properties

    Pressure–Volume–Temperature Relationships
    • 1 Edición
    • E. F. G. Herington
    • Inglés
    Recommended Reference Materials for Realization of Physicochemical Properties presents recommendations of reference materials for use in measurements involving physicochemical properties, namely, vapor pressure; liquid-vapor critical temperature and critical pressure; orthobaric volumes of liquid and vapor; pressure-volume-temp... properties of the unsaturated vapor or gas; and pressure-volume-temp... properties of the compressed liquid. This monograph focuses on reference materials for vapor pressures at temperatures up to 770 K, as well as critical temperatures and critical pressures; reference materials for vapor pressures at temperatures above 600 K; reference materials for orthobaric volumes (or densities) and critical volume (or density); reference materials for pressure-volume-temp... behavior (gases); and reference materials for pressure-volume-temp... behavior (liquids). The orthobaric volumes are typically related through their reciprocals, the orthobaric densities, by the well-known ""law of rectilinear diameters."" Carbon dioxide is recommended as a test substance for vapor-pressure measurements on relatively high-boiling gases. This book will be of interest to physicists and chemists.

  • Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis – 1990

    Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis
    • 1 Edición
    • Kenneth Turnbull + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis—1990 is a bibliography of papers on organic synthesis from primary chemistry journals. Topics covered range from carbon-carbon bond forming reactions to oxidations, reductions, synthesis of heterocycles, and synthetic preparations. This book consists of seven chapters and begins with a list of papers on carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, including carbon-carbon single, double, and triple bonds as well as cyclopropanations and synthesis through organometallics. The following chapters focus on oxidations and reductions; methods of synthesizing heterocyclic systems such as lactams and lactones; and the use of protecting groups. Synthetically useful transformations are considered next, with emphasis on functional group synthesis, additions to alkenes or alkynes, and sulfur compounds. The final chapter deals with other reviews of topics ranging from asymmetric synthesis and molecular recognition to reactive intermediates; organometallics and organometalloids; halogen compounds and halogenation; and natural products. This monograph will appeal to organic chemists, both specialist and nonspecialist in synthesis.

  • Anodic Oxidation

    Organic Chemistry: A Series of Monographs, Vol. 32
    • 1 Edición
    • Sidney D. Ross + 2 más
    • Alfred T. Blomquist + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Anodic Oxidation covers the application of the concept, principles, and methods of electrochemistry to organic reactions. This book is composed of two parts encompassing 12 chapters that consider the mechanism of anodic oxidation. Part I surveys the theory and methods of electrochemistry as applied to organic reactions. These parts also present the mathematical equations to describe the kinetics of electrode reactions using both polarographic and steady-state conditions. Part II examines the anodic oxidation of organic substrates by the functional group initially attacked. This part particularly emphasizes the kinds of intermediates generated and the mechanisms leading to final products. This book is intended primarily to organic chemists and physical electrochemists.

  • Infrared Detectors

    Papers Presented at a Meeting of the U.S. Speciality Group on Infrared Detectors
    • 1 Edición
    • T. S. Moss
    • Inglés
    Infrared Detectors is a collection of papers presented at a meeting of the U.S. Speciality Group on Infrared Detectors and deals with a variety of topics related to infrared detectors, such as PbSnTe diodes and detectors, charge coupled devices (CCD), photodiodes, and HgCdTe photoconductive detectors. This text has 11 chapters; the first of which investigates the effects of ionizing radiation on CCDs in order to assess their signal processing advantages in a high natural (Van Allen belt) or artificially induced radiation environment. Attention then turns to defects suffered by n-type HgCdTe due to electron irradiation; thermal recovery processes in HgCdTe and PbSnTe photovoltaic detectors; and thermal limitations in PbSnTe detectors. The following papers present experiments that examine the performance of PbSnTe diodes at moderately reduced backgrounds; preparation of vapor grown lead-tin telluride for 8–14 micrometer photodiodes; and detectivity limits for diffused junction PbSnTe detectors. The optical immersion of HgCdTe photoconductive detectors and far infrared atmospheric transmission measurements conducted in North-Norway are also addressed. This book will be of interest to researchers and students who want to have a better understanding of how infrared detectors work.

  • Gas Chromatography

    Principles, Techniques, and Applications
    • 2 Edición
    • A. B. Littlewood
    • Inglés
    Gas Chromatography: Principles, Techniques, and Applications, Second Edition, is a general textbook on gas chromatography suitable for users of the technique and for research workers. It does not presuppose any knowledge of the subject. Starting with an introduction to gas chromatography, the first half of the book is primarily concerned with the ability of gas chromatography to perform separations. The theory of the operation and design of gas chromatographic columns—both packed and open-tube—is described in detail, and it is shown how columns may be designed so as to secure any desired separation. Separate chapters discuss the thermodynamics of solution and the kinetics of chromatography. The third quarter of the book deals with detectors, which are the means of obtaining quantitative analyses by gas chromatography. It also contains a description of the union of gas chromatography with other techniques, and some indication of the use of the more sophisticated methods of handling gas-chromatographic data. The last quarter of the book is a single chapter in a series of sections, each dealing with the chromatography of a particular class of chemical compound

  • Inorganic Chemistry

    A Concise Text
    • 1 Edición
    • J. Bassett
    • Inglés
    Inorganic Chemistry: A Concise Text Inorganic Chemistry is intended to provide a concise text-book of inorganic chemistry at a standard intermediate between that required for Advanced Level in schools and honors degree courses. The book is organized into two parts. Part I provides the reader with a background of basic principles sufficient to promote a rational understanding of the chemistry of the elements, including simple ionic crystal structures and the shapes of molecules. It concludes with a chapter describing the general methods of extraction and purification of metals. Part II aims to present a reasonable selection of the more important properties of the elements and their compounds. Every effort has been made to include up-to-date factual material, for example recent developments in the chemistry of the noble gases are described in the final chapter of the book. Wherever possible, effort is made to interpret and explain the descriptive chemistry in the light of modern physical concepts. In this way, the reader will not only acquire a useful factual basis of the subject but will also develop an appreciation of the rational nature of modern inorganic chemistry.

  • Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis — 1970

    • 1 Edición
    • John McMurry + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis—1970 presents an annual review of synthetically useful information that would prove beneficial to nearly all organic chemists, both specialist and nonspecialist in synthesis. It should help relieve some of the information storage burden of the specialist and should aid the nonspecialist who is seeking help with a specific problem to become rapidly aware of recent synthetic advances. In producing this volume the editors abstracted 47 primary chemistry journals, selecting useful synthetic advances. All reactions and methods which are new, synthetically useful, and reasonably general are included. Each entry is comprised primarily of structures accompanied by very few comments. The purpose of this is to aid the reader in rapidly scanning the book. Chapters I-III are organized by reaction type and constitute the major part of the book. Chapter IV deals with methods of synthesizing heterocyclic systems and concentrates heavily on common, simple systems. Chapter V covers the use of new protecting groups. Chapter VI is divided into two parts and covers those synthetically useful transformations which do not fit easily into the first three chapters. The first part deals only with functional group syntheses. The second part is self-explanatory and involves useful multistep sequences.

  • Structure of Matter

    With Contributions in Memoriam Including a Complete Bibliography of His Works
    • 1 Edición
    • C. Guy Suits
    • Inglés
    The Collected Works of Irving Langmuir: Volume 6, Structure of Matter deals with the research work of Irving Langmuir in the field of thermionics, gaseous discharge, and on the structure of atoms with emphasis on valence. Some of the paper he writes on the subject of atomic structure are: "The Structure of Atoms and the Octet Theory of Valence," "The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules," and "The Octet Theory of Valence and its Applications with Special Reference to Organic Nitrogen Compounds." He challenges the complexities of valence theory and atomic structure, leading to a complete change of the theoretical structure of the subject of chemistry. Langmuir also works on molecules and crystalline structures, and applies the structures of crystals to check and confirm his own theories on molecular structure. His assumption that "the force between molecules in contact can be considered as caused by a surface energy proportional to the area over which the molecules are in contact" provides a solid foundation for explaining the properties of many chemical substances. Chemists, students, academicians, scientists, and general readers interested in the lives of great men in science will find this book very informative.

  • Newer Redox Titrants

    International Series of Monographs in Analytical Chemistry
    • 1 Edición
    • A. Berka + 2 más
    • R. Belcher + 1 más
    • Inglés
    International Series of Monographs in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 22: Newer Redox Titrants focuses on the processes, reactions, methodologies, and approaches involved in the study of redox titrants. The publication first offers information on potassium permanganate in alkaline solution and compounds of trivalent manganese, including standard solutions, indicator, and review of determinations. The text then ponders on compounds of trivalent copper and potassium hexacyanoferrate. The book ponders on hypohalites (hypochlorite and hypobromite), chloramine-T, and bromine, as well as standard solutions, indicator, and review of determinations. The publication also takes a look at iodine monochloride, periodic acid and its salts, lead (IV) acetate, compounds of pentavalent vanadium, and iron (III) salts. The compounds of trivalent cobalt, hydrogen peroxide, chromium (II) salts, tin (II) chloride, sodium arsenite, and compounds of monovalent copper are also elaborated. ? The publication is a reliable reference for readers interested in newer redox titrants.

  • Calculator Programming for Chemistry and the Life Sciences

    • 1 Edición
    • Frank H. Clarke
    • Inglés
    Calculator Programming for Chemistry and the Life Sciences illustrates the power of the programmable calculator as a tool that provides new dimensions to scientific research. This book is divided into four chapters. Each chapter provides calculation, examples, instructions, design, and programs. This text includes the application of calculator programming in the determination of molecular formulas, coordinate transformations, potentiometric titrations, and correlation analysis. This book is of great value to scientists and students with no experience in the use of computers.

  • Recommendations for Nomenclature of Ion-Selective Electrodes

    International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry: Analytical Chemistry Division
    • 1 Edición
    • Sam Stuart
    • Inglés
    Recommendations for Nomenclature of Ion-Selective Electrodes presents the recommendations in the standardization of nomenclature in the field of ion-selective electrodes. The report contains most of the suggestions made on previous drafts by experts and other scientific bodies on analytical chemistry from different countries. The text is divided into three sections. The first section presents the general nomenclature recommendations. Part II focuses on the classification of ion-selective electrodes. The final section presents the constants and symbols used in the area of ion-selective electrodes. Chemists and physicists will find the book very useful.

  • Chemical Transmission of Nerve Impulses

    A Historical Sketch
    • 1 Edición
    • Z. M. Bacq
    • Inglés
    Chemical Transmission of Nerve Impulses: A Historical Sketch is a translation of the French edition ""Les Transmissions chimiques de l'influx nerveux"" published by Gauthier-Villars in Paris. Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the definition and importance of the phenomenon of chemical transmission, with chapters specifically devoted to both cholinergic and adrenergic ones. This text then elucidates the general organization of the nervous system in vertebrates. The opposition to the theory of chemical transmission and the state of comparative physiology with regard to chemical transmission are also explained.

  • Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis — 1987

    • 1 Edición
    • Eric F. V. Scriven + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis — 1987 presents a collection of 49 abstracted chemistry journals that cover organic synthesis. The book is comprised of eight chapters that cover different aspects of organic synthesis, such as reaction types and methods. The first three chapters tackle carbon–carbon bond forming reactions, oxidations, and reductions. Chapter IV discusses synthesis of heterocycles, and Chapter V covers the use of protecting groups. Chapter VI talks about useful synthetic preparations. The last two chapters cover the miscellaneous reactions and reviews. The text will be useful to biochemists and other researchers who deal with organic synthesis.

  • The Chemistry of Nitrogen

    Pergamon Texts in Inorganic Chemistry
    • 1 Edición
    • K. Jones
    • Inglés
    The Chemistry of Nitrogen provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of nitrogen and its compounds. This book discusses the importance of nitrogen compounds in the soil. Organized into 18 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the history of nitrogen and its compounds and the first synthetic process involving nitrogen compounds. This text then examines the preparation of synthesis gas for the production of ammonia. Other chapters consider the concentration of nitrogen gas on the Earth's atmosphere and the techniques used to handle volatile nitrogen–halogen compounds that are similar to those used for other reactive halogen compounds. This book discusses as well the chemistry of compounds in which nitrogen is bonded to one or more of the remaining elements. The final chapter deals with the gasometric method for the determination of either inorganic or organic nitrates. This book is a valuable resource for organic and inorganic chemists.

  • New Frontiers in Rare Earth Science and Applications

    Proceedings of the International Conference on Rare Earth Development and Applications Beijing, The People's Republic of China, September 10–14, 1985
    • 1 Edición
    • Xu Guangxian + 1 más
    • Inglés
    New Frontiers in Rare Earth Science and Applications, Volume II documents the proceedings of the International Conference on Rare Earth Development and Applications held in Beijing on September 10-14, 1985. This compilation discusses quenching and sensitization of rare earth luminescence, magnetic properties of rare earth intermetallics, and microcapsulated rare earth-nickel hydride-forming materials. The effect of rare earth on the quality and properties of hot-rolled steel strips and role of yttrium in heavy section spheroidal graphite cast iron are also elaborated. This book likewise covers the application of scandium oxide in an electron emission material and study on the effect of rare earth elements on the yield of wheat. This publication is beneficial to researchers and scientists conducting work in the field of earth science.

  • Advances in Organic Geochemistry

    Proceedings of the International Meeting in Milan, 1962
    • 1 Edición
    • Umberto Colombo + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Advances in Organic Geochemistry documents the proceedings of the First International Meeting of the European Branch of the Organic Geochemistry Group held in Milan on September 10-12, 1962. This compilation discusses research and review problems relating to the geochemistry of organic materials in the earth's crust, such as petroleum and coal, as well as less highly concentrated, but more widespread, organic matter present in various rocks, soils, and waters. Other topics covered include duplex origins of petroleum; chemical study of coal macerals; mineralized micro-structures in carbonaceous meteorites; primary investigation of the oleiferous dolerite of Dyvika; and organic residues in Jurassic oolitic limestones. Geochemical aspects of the microbial modification of carbon compounds; trace metal analysis of oils and asphalts by neutron activation techniques; and application of ultraviolet spectroscopy to the examination of dissolved organic substances in water are also deliberated in this text. This publication is beneficial to students and individuals conducting work on organic geochemistry.

  • The Determination of Epoxide Groups

    Monographs in Organic Functional Group Analysis
    • 1 Edición
    • B. Dobinson + 2 más
    • R. Belcher + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The Determination of Epoxide Groups describes the advantages and limitations of the methods for determination of 1,2-epoxide groups of various kinds. Chapter 1 examines the chemical reactivities of different epoxides under various conditions, which is of fundamental importance in the choice of the analytical method to be used. Chapter 2 explores most of the analytical work on epoxides involving ring-opening with HCl or HBr. Chapter 3 deals with the alternative techniques involving quantitative rearrangement of epoxides, or ring-opening under non-acidic conditions. This chapter also contains descriptions of various miscellaneous analytical techniques, including very sensitive methods, as well as the use of infrared spectroscopic techniques for analysis of epoxides and the study of their reactions, particularly the cure of epoxy resins. Chapter 4 summarizes the advantages and limitations of the various methods, along with the main factors affecting choice of experimental. This book is of great value to analytical and organic chemists, researchers, and students.

  • Thermionic Phenomena

    The Collected Works of Irving Langmuir
    • 1 Edición
    • C. Guy Suits
    • Inglés
    Thermionic Phenomena is the third volume of the series entitled The Collected Works of Irving Langmuir. This volume compiles articles written during the 1920's and early 1930's, the period when the science of thermionics is beginning to be of importance. This text is divided into two parts. The first part discusses vacuum pumps, specifically examining the effect of space charge and residual gases on thermionic currents in high vacuum. This part also explains fundamental phenomena in electron tubes having tungsten cathodes and the use of high-power vacuum tubes. The second part of this text looks into the electron emission and adsorbed films, specifically studying the relation between contact potentials and electrochemical action and other related topics on electron emission. This publication will be invaluable to those interested in the works of Langmuir, particularly on thermionic phenomena.

  • Calorimetry of Non-Reacting Systems

    Prepared Under the Sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Commission on Thermodynamics and the Thermochemistry
    • 1 Edición
    • John P. McCullough + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Experimental Thermodynamics, Volume 1: Calorimetry of Non-Reacting Systems covers the heat capacity determinations for chemical substances in the solid, liquid, solution, and vapor states, at temperatures ranging from near the absolute zero to the highest at which calorimetry is feasible. This book is divided into 14 chapters. The first four chapters provide background information and general principles applicable to all types of calorimetry of non-reacting systems. The remaining 10 chapters deal with specific types of calorimetry. Most of the types of calorimetry treated are developed over a considerable period and brought to a relatively sophisticated state. For such calorimetry, the approach adopted is to give detailed accounts of a few examples of apparatus and techniques representative of the best current practice in the field. For the few types of calorimetry, a general review of the field was considered more appropriate. This book will prove useful to thermochemists, engineers, and experimentalists.

  • Zone Electrophoresis

    • 4 Edición
    • Ivor Smith
    • Inglés
    Chromatographic & Electrophoretic Techniques, Fourth Edition, Volume II: Zone Electrophoresis presents the methods of zone electrophoresis. This book discusses all the techniques that can be applied routinely. Organized into 17 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the fundamental principle of zone electrophoresis. This text then examines the apparatus in common use for paper electrophoresis and discusses paper electrophoresis at low voltages. Other chapters describe the apparatus that combines several advantages resulting from high voltage paper electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography. This book discusses as well the advantages of cellulose acetate membrane filter paper as a supporting medium for zone electrophoresis. The final chapter deals with preparative acrylamide gel electrophoresis on a small scale, which may involve either continuous electrophoretic elution or extraction of the RNA from zones cut out of the gel. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, clinical chemists, clinicians, technicians, biophysicists, pathologists, and medical researchers.

  • Interpretation of the Ultraviolet Spectra of Natural Products

    International Series of Monographs on Organic Chemistry
    • 1 Edición
    • A. I. Scott
    • D.H.R. Barton + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Interpretation of the Ultraviolet Spectra of Natural Products focuses on the ultraviolet spectrum of chromophores. The book first discusses single chromophores, including absorption due to electron lone pairs in saturated systems and absorption of olefins, alkynes, carbonyl compounds, and thiocarbonyl compounds. The text also takes a look at conjugated chromosomes, such as polyenes, enynes, and conjugated azomethines. The selection also evaluates C-aromatic compounds. Topics include benzenoid and hydrocarbons; phenols and their ethers; styrenes and stilbenes; aromatic carbonyl compounds; and nitro compounds. The text also discusses O- and S- heteroaromatic compounds and N-heteroaromatic compounds. The book highlights the applications of spectrophotometry to the analysis of natural products. Topics include formation of derivatives having absorbing chromophores; reactions leading to changes in absorption of added reagents; and analyses involving transformation to products suitable for spectrophotometry. The text is a good reference for readers wanting to explore chromophores.

  • Boron Fluoride and Its Compounds as Catalysts in Organic Chemistry

    International Series of Monographs on Organic Chemistry
    • 1 Edición
    • A. V. Topchiev + 2 más
    • W. Doering + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Boron Fluoride and Its Compounds as Catalysts in Organic Chemistry deals with the concerns associated with the utilization of boron fluoride as a catalyst. The title provides a comprehensive account of boron fluoride, such as its properties, compounds, and related methodologies. The coverage of the text includes the preparation and recovery of boron fluoride, along with the physical and chemical properties. The selection also covers various boron fluoride compounds and their respective reaction to various processes, such as alkylation, polymerization, and nitration. The book will be of great interest to students, researchers, and practitioners of organic chemistry.

  • Crystals

    Their Role in Nature and in Science
    • 1 Edición
    • Charles Bunn
    • Henry Booker + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Crystals: Their Role in Nature and in Science provides the description of the phenomena and concepts and essential facts and ideas in the study of crystals. The book is divided into two parts. Part 1 discusses the growth and various forms of crystals. Under this section, topics on the etymology of the word "crystal", the existence of crystals, how crystals grow, stacking patterns, and various crystal symmetries are presented. Part 2 covers the crystal structure and how it interacts with light and X-rays. This part discusses some strange light effects that some crystals make; the production of beautiful and scientifically significant color patterns; the possible types of space patterns in crystals; and the use of X-ray in finding the details of the internal atomic pattern of crystals. Crystallographers and laymen interested in the study and appreciation of crystals will find the book invaluable.

  • Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Howard K. Schachman
    • Inglés
    Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry discusses the fundamental aspects of ultracentrifugation. The book begins with a sketch of the field, highlighting some of the principal developments. Following this is a chapter that discusses ultracentrifugation in general terms and describes the division of the field into three major areas. The subsequent chapter deals with developments of the experimental aspects of the field such as improvements in the instrument itself, cells, rotors, measurement, and control of temperature, and the various optical systems. The remainder of the book discusses the fundamental principles of sedimentation velocity, transient states, and sedimentation equilibrium. A section is also included which deals with interpretation of sedimentation data in terms of hydrodynamic models, charge effects, and interactions in multicomponent systems. This book is likely to become an indispensable companion to the laboratory worker who is planning and conducting an ultracentrifuge run for almost any purpose. It should also be of fundamental value to the thoughtful student or investigator who wants to know the present state of knowledge in the field, both experimental and theoretical.

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