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Elsevier

Libros en Química

  • Underground Cable Thermal Backfill

    Proceedings of the Symposium on Underground Cable Thermal Backfill, Held in Toronto, Canada, September 17 and 18, 1981
    • 1 Edición
    • S.A. Boggs + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Underground Cable Thermal Backfill documents the proceedings of the ""Symposium on Underground Cable Thermal Backfill,"" held in Toronto, Canada, 17-18 September 1981. The symposium brought together research, design, and installation engineers from utilities, cable manufacturers, and universities to present and discuss developments in the field. The contributions of researchers at the symposium are organized into five chapters. Chapter 1 presents an overview of the state-of-the-art of cable backfill materials and soil thermal property measurements. The papers in Chapter 2 deal with developments in cable backfill materials. These include materials stabilized with moisture substitutes, pumpable materials, and materials stabilized with bound water. Chapter 3 covers thermal property measurements of soils and backfills. Through the automation of measurements and analysis using microprocessor based instruments and better control of experimental conditions, substantial improvements have been made in the area of measurement technology. Chapter 4 reports developments in the study of soil thermal stability and the implication thereof for thermal cable design. Chapter 5 discusses various aspects of thermal cable design, including methods for incorporating historical weather records to predict worst case soil and backfill thermal conductivities. This volume should serve as a useful introduction to the subject of cable thermal design for engineers involved in underground transmission and distribution systems.

  • Molten Alkali Metal Alkanoates

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 33
    • P. Franzosini + 3 más
    • Inglés
    Most alkali metal alkanoates exhibit polymorphism in the solid state. However, controversy exists about the number, nature and stability range of the polymorphs present in a given solvent. This volume discusses all available solubility data for the title compounds, and includes critical evaluations for all systems considered.

  • International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Sam Stuart
    • Inglés
    International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry: Nomenclature, Symbols, Units and their Usage in Spectrochemical Analysis—III: Analytical Flame Spectroscopy and Associated Non-Flame Procedures covers the analytical application of flame spectroscopy and related procedures, which is not encompassed in the first two parts of the series. Parts I and II of the series deal with general recommendations. Section 1 of this document presents a classification of the methods and instruments used in the different branches of analytical flame spectroscopy. Section 2 lists terms and symbols for common quantities and constants in analytical spectroscopy. The subsequent section discusses the terms, symbols, and units for the description of the analytical flame spectrometer and similar devices. Section 4 explains the general terms and symbols relating to the methods of flame spectroscopy. The final section deals with the terms, symbols and units relating to optical radiation. This document is valuable to practical analysts who are looking for well-defined terminologies and consistent set of symbols in the field of analytical flame spectroscopy.

  • The Biochemistry of Foreign Compounds

    International Series of Monographs in Pure and Applied Biology: Biochemistry
    • 1 Edición
    • Dennis V. Parke
    • H. H. V. Arnstein + 2 más
    • Inglés
    The Biochemistry of Foreign Compounds presents the various aspects of biochemistry of foreign compounds in relation to toxicology, pathology, and pharmacology. This book discusses the classification of foreign compounds according to usage, namely, food additives, drugs, pesticides, industrial chemicals, and natural foreign compounds. Organized into two sections encompassing 12 chapters, this book starts with the absorption and secretion of foreign compounds. This text then discusses the two phases of reaction in the metabolism of foreign compounds. Other chapters consider the rate at which each reaction proceeds wherein its relative significance may be affected by many factors that may result in changes in the pattern of metabolism and differences in toxicity. This book discusses as well the physiological factors that affect metabolism, including age, sex, pregnancy, disease, and the nutritional state of the animal. The final chapter deals with the metabolism of some of the commonly used industrial chemicals. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, chemists, toxicologists, pharmacologists, and pathologists.

  • The Analytical Chemistry of the Noble Metals

    • 1 Edición
    • F. E. Beamish
    • Inglés
    Analytical Chemistry, Volume 24: The Analytical Chemistry of the Noble Metals describes the procedures for the separation, extraction, and analysis of noble metals. This book is composed of seven chapters, and begins with a survey on the influence of metallurgical factors on the susceptibility of platinum and gold metals to various corrosive agents. The succeeding chapter provides the methods of isolation of osmium and ruthenium from associated platinum metals and from base metals. A chapter examines the application of gravimetric methods for the separation of seven noble metals, including ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, and gold. Other chapters consider the procedures for volumetric, spectrophotometric, and spectrochemical analysis of noble metals. The concluding chapter describes the features and attributes of the equipment for noble metal analysis. This book is of value to analytical chemists and workers and researchers in metallurgy.

  • Animal Electroencephalography

    • 1 Edición
    • W. R. Klemm
    • Inglés
    Animal Electroencephalograp... focuses on the use of electroencephalograp... (EEG) in studying brain electric activity. The manuscript first underscores the physiologic bases of EEG and the characteristics and usage of electrodes. Discussions focus on basic elements of nerve cell function, general nature of EEG, implantation of intracerebral electrodes, and affixing surface electrodes. The text then examines noise or artifact, electronic recording systems, and interpretation and analysis of EEG. Electronic principles of special relevance, electrode configurations, and electroencephalograp... are discussed. The book takes a look at EEG correlates of physiologic and pathologic changes, as well as maturation of EEG, behavioral correlates, and internal influences. Experimentally produced brain diseases and naturally occurring brain diseases are also elaborated. The manuscript is a valuable reference for readers interested in electroencephalograp...

  • The South China Sea

    Hydrocarbon Potential and Possibilities of Joint Development
    • 1 Edición
    • Mark J. Valencia
    • Inglés
    The South China Sea: Hydrocarbon Potential and Possibilities of Joint Development presents the proceedings of the EAPI/CCOP Workshop East-West Center held in Honolulu, Hawaii on August 5-12, 1980. The book contains papers on the geology and offshore hydrocarbon potential in the Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia; and on the need for certain basic prerequisites for initiating and maintaining rational and orderly oil and gas exploration and development programs. The text also presents papers on the establishment of effective production-sharing type tax regimes for petroleum; on the implications of the Southeast Asian contractual framework; and on a general approach to the planning and management of environmental aspects related to offshore oil and gas prospecting, drilling, development and production. The precedents of the joint development of hydrocarbons in areas of overlapping boundary claims, with examples from the North Sea, the Persian Gulf, the Korea-Japan continental shelf and the Thai-Malaysian continental shelf, are also considered.

  • Organic Syntheses Based on Name Reactions and Unnamed Reactions

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 11
    • Alfred Hassner + 1 más
    • Patrick Perlmutter
    • Inglés
    Synthetically useful organic reactions or reagents are often referred to by the name of the discoverer(s) or developer(s). Older name reactions are described in text books, but more recently developed synthetically useful reactions that may have been associated occasionally with a name are not always well known. For neither of the above are experimental procedures or references easy to find.In this monograph approximately 500 name reactions are included, of which over 200 represent newer name reactions and modern reagents. Each of these reactions are extremely useful for the contemporary organic chemistry researcher in industry or academic institutions. This book provides the information in an easily accessible form.In addition to seminal references and reviews, one or more examples for each name reaction are provided and a complete typical experimental procedure is included, to enable the student or researcher to immediately evaluate reaction conditions.Besides an alphabetical listing of reactions and reagents, cross references permit the organic practitioner to find those name reactions or reagents that enable specific transformations, such as, conversion of amines to nitriles, stereoselective reduction, fluoroalkylation, phenol alkynylation, asymmetric syntheses, allylic alkylation, nucleoside synthesis, cyclopentanation, hydrozirconation, to name a few. Emphasis has been placed on stereoselective and regioselective transformations as well as on enantioselective processes. The listing of reactions and reagents is supported by four indexes.

  • Infections in Cancer Chemotherapy

    A Symposium Held at the Institute Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
    • 1 Edición
    • J. Klastersky
    • Inglés
    Infections in Cancer Chemotherapy is a collection of paper that details the advancement in the understanding of infections in chemotherapy. The coverage of the text includes aggressive cancer treatment and its role in predisposing to infection; diagnosis of infection in patients with cancer; and non-bacterial infections associated with neoplastic disease. The selection also tackles the protocol for an international prospective trial of initial therapy regimens in neutropenic patients with malignant disease; and the use of gnotobiotics in hematology in improving acute leukemia treatment. The book will be of great interest to oncologists and hematologists.

  • Studies in Natural Products Chemistry

    Stereoselective Synthesis
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 14
    • Atta-ur-Rahman
    • Inglés
    Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Volume 14: Stereoselective Synthesis, Part I is a collection of discourses on the stereoselective synthesis of the anticancer anthrucycline antibiotics; tetramic acid antibiotics; 3-and 4-deoxyhexoses; polysaccharides; levoglucosenone as precursor to natural products; synthesis of oligoribonucleotides... and oxidation of guaiazulene. This volume deals with a broad range of natural products focusing on the synthesis of antibiotics and anticancer agents — anthracyclines, tetramic acid, taxodione, vinblastine, and vincristine. These aforementioned drugs are used for the treatment of cancer (anthracyclines) and Hodgkin's disease and childhood acute leukemia (vinblastine and vincristine). The importance of the latest developments in the stereocontrolled synthesis of polysaccharides is discussed as polysaccharides play a fundamental role in cell life and have many technical applications. The synthesis of bioactive carbohydrates 3- and 4-deoxy-hexoses is compared with the more occurring deoxyhexoses in nature such as the 2-deoxy, 6-deoxy, and 2,6-dideoxy-hexoses, because the former are rare compounds and useful tools in the study of biological and biochemical properties of mono- and oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and antibiotics. Alkaloids derived from Apocynaceae are known for their medicinal properties; hence the synthetic approaches to vinblastine and vincristine are discussed. Because of the minute amounts available from herbal sources, efforts toward their chemical synthesis are given more reference. This book can be a useful reference for the organic chemists. Chemical researchers, pharmaceutical scientists, and professionals of bioorganic chemistry will likewise gain a lot from this collection.

  • Advances in High Temperature Chemistry

    Volume 2
    • 1 Edición
    • Leroy Eyring
    • Inglés
    Advances in High Temperature Chemistry, Volume 2 covers the advances in the knowledge of the high temperature behavior of materials and the complex and unfamiliar characteristics of matter at high temperature. The book discusses the dissociation energies and free energy functions of gaseous monoxides; the matrix-isolation technique applied to high temperature molecules; and the main features, the techniques for the production, detection, and diagnosis, and the applications of molecular beams in high temperatures. The text also describes the chemical research in streaming thermal plasmas, as well as the studies of the sublimation mechanism of sodium chloride, cadmium sulfide, and gallium arsenide. The temperature and emissivity measurements in the thermal imaging technique, freezing and melting point measurements of metal oxides, and phase studies on binary oxide systems at higher temperatures with a solar furnace are also encompassed. High temperature chemists and solar researchers will find the book invaluable.

  • Indicators

    International Series of Monographs in Analytical Chemistry
    • 1 Edición
    • Edmund Bishop
    • Inglés
    Indicators offers a comprehensive account of indicators and their applications in areas such as titrimetric analysis and the analysis of mineral waters. The theory and principles of visual indicators are discussed, along with acid-base indicators, indicators for non-aqueous acid-base titrations, and titrations with non-chelating ligands. Metallochromic indicators, adsorption indicators, oxidation-reduction indicators, and fluorescent and chemiluminescent indicators are also considered. This volume is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with a brief history of indicators, including the contribution of Robert Boyle in the field. The different kinds of indicators are also described, along with developments in indicators in the nineteenth century. The next chapter deals with the theory and principles of visual indicators, followed by a discussion on acid-base indicators such as organic dyes, inorganic substances, compounds capable of fluorescence, and chemiluminescent systems. Subsequent chapters explore other varieties of indicators, including indicators for non-aqueous acid-base titrations, metallochromic indicators, and adsorption indicators, as well as oxidation-reduction indicators and fluorescent and chemiluminescent indicators. This book will be of interest to chemists.

  • Organicum

    Practical Handbook of Organic Chemistry
    • 1 Edición
    • Heinz Becker + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Organicum: Practical Handbook of Organic Chemistry focuses on the theory, laboratory practice, and aspects of technical use related to organic chemistry. This book discusses the standard apparatus for organic reactions, heating of inflammable liquids, performance of a simple distillation, and partition chromatography in separating columns. The time factor in organic chemical reactions, distribution of the electron density in organic molecules, and synthesis of ethers from alkoxides or phenoxides are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the mechanism of electrophilic aromatic substitution, quinones from aromatic hydrocarbons, and reduction of carbonyl compounds by means of complex hydrides. Other topics include the reaction with ammoniacal solution of a silver salt, preparation of the dimedone derivatives, and saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. This publication is suitable for chemists and researchers conducting work in organic chemistry.

  • Advances in Liquid Crystal Research and Applications

    Proceedings of the Third Liquid Crystal Conference of the Socialist Countries, Budapest, 27–31 August 1979
    • 1 Edición
    • Lajos Bata
    • Inglés
    Advances in Liquid Crystal Research and Applications, Volume 1 is a collection of papers presented at the Third Liquid Crystal Conference of the Socialist Countries, held in Budapest on August 27-31, 1979. This volume is comprised of three parts. The first part deals with the phases and structures of liquid crystals through methods employing synthesis, X-ray studies, electron diffraction, and calorimetric determination. The second part discusses molecular dynamics and dynamical methods where mostly dielectric investigations into liquid crystal properties are emphasized. This part includes the developments in the study of molecular dynamics in liquid crystals. Other topics presented in this part are the acousto-optical and ultrasonic relaxation methods. The third part covers the continual properties of liquid crystals: their properties and behavior when exposed to different testing methods and variables. For example, a correlation between viscosity coefficients of starting components and those of their mixtures is attempted, resulting when MBBA and EBBA in different percentages are mixed, that none of their coefficients is found to obey any pronounced law. However, the viscosity coefficients given in the table may serve as reference data for further studies. Physicists; process engineers; and graduate students in physics, chemistry, and materials science fields; and university professors and lecturers related to studies in the field of liquid crystals will find this collection of papers highly informative and rewarding.

  • Gas Solubilities

    Widespread Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • William Gerrard
    • Inglés
    Gas Solubilities: Widespread Applications discusses several topics concerning the various applications of gas solubilities. The first chapter of the book reviews Henr's law, while the second chapter covers the effect of temperature on gas solubility. The third chapter discusses the various gases used by Horiuti, and the following chapters evaluate the data on sulfur dioxide, chlorine data, and solubility data for hydrogen sulfide. Chapter 7 concerns itself with solubility of radon, thoron, and actinon. Chapter 8 tackles the solubilities of diborane and the gaseous hydrides of groups IV, V, and VI of the periodic table. Chapter 9 discusses the solubility of gases containing fluorine, while Chapter 10 talks about Hildebrand's theory in the light of all gas solubility data. Chapter 11 covers the hydrogen halide system, while Chapter 12 deals with the solubility of gases in water and aqueous solutions of slats, inorganic acids and bases, and organic compounds. Chapter 13 discusses gases in sea water, while Chapter 14 covers aerosol propellants and Chapter 15 tackles the solubility of nitric oxide. Chapter 16 discusses the biotechnological aspects, and Chapter 17 talks about more on making holes. Chapter 18 covers the evaluation of data on phosphine. The book would be of great interest to researchers and professionals concerned with applications of the soluble nature of gases.

  • Annual Reports in Inorganic and General Syntheses-1973

    • 1 Edición
    • Kurt Niedenzu + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Annual Reports in Inorganic and General Syntheses-1973 presents an organized annual summary of synthetic developments in inorganic chemistry and its related areas. The book covers the synthetic aspects and structural or mechanistic features of elements, including the main group hydrides, alkali and alkaline earth elements, boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, chalcogens, halogens and pseudohalogens, and noble gases. The text also discusses the synthetic aspects and structural or mechanistic features of elements of yttrium, scandium, lanthanides, and actinides, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, cobalt, and nickel. The chemistry of ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, and mercury is also encompassed. The book concludes by describing the synthesis and structures of metalloporphyrins. Chemists, chemistry students, and people working in chemical laboratories will find the book invaluable.

  • Advances in Liquid Crystal Research and Applications

    Proceedings of the Third Liquid Crystal Conference of the Socialist Countries, Budapest, 27–31 August 1979
    • 1 Edición
    • Lajos Bata
    • Inglés
    Advances in Liquid Crystal Research and Applications, Volume 2 covers the proceedings of the Third Liquid Crystal Conference of the Socialist Countries. The book discusses several papers concerning the development and advancement of the research and application aspects of liquid crystals. The text is comprised of 52 chapters that are organized into four parts explaining an aspect of liquid crystal. Part I covers amphiphilic, while Part II discusses mesomorphic polymers. The third part tackles synthesis and the fourth part talks about the physical properties and applications. The book will be of great use to researchers and professionals whose line of work concerns liquid crystals.

  • Extrusion Reactions

    • 1 Edición
    • B. P. Stark + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Extrusion Reactions presents a critical review of the reactions which presents a rupture of both of the bonds connecting an atom or a small group of atoms into a ring system. It discusses the loss of small fragments from cyclic structures under non-catalyzed conditions. It addresses those reactions wherein the major output and starting materials are cyclic. It demonstrates the general characteristics of the main classes of residua. Some of the topics covered in the book are the conditions for extrusion; types of concurrent reactions; choice of experimental conditions in extrusion; structural requirements for extrusion, and special cases of the reaction; extrusion from analogous systems; extrusions of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; and extrusion of sulfur dioxide and oxidized sulfur fragments. The extrusions of the elementary chalcogens: sulfur, selenium, and oxygen are fully covered. Extrusion of nitrogen from pyrazolines and 3H-pyrazoles are extensively discussed. An in-depth evaluation of the course of extrusion from pyrazolines is provided. The extrusion of nitrogen from triazolines and formation of aziridines from triazolines are also presented. A chapter is devoted to possible intervention of oxadiazolines and thiadiazolines in syntheses of oxirans. The book can provide useful information to chemists, students, and researchers.

  • Trace Analysis

    Volume 3
    • 1 Edición
    • James F. Lawrence
    • Inglés
    Trace Analysis, Volume 3 focuses on critical discussions of selected topics in organic and inorganic analytical chemistry including instrumentation, techniques, and applications to the detection, identification, and quantitation of trace quantities of substances in a large variety of sample materials. The book is divided into two parts: Section 1, biological fluids and tissues, and Section 2, environmental analysis. Chapters are devoted in the discussion of subjects on the analysis of carbonyl compounds; the use of enzymatic methods for clinical analysis; the use of fluorescence spectroscopy for single compounds or multicomponent analysis of pollutants in air, water, and soils, with emphasis on fuel oils; and the analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds in combustion emissions. Organic and inorganic chemists and medical technicians will find the book a good reference text.

  • 4-Aminobenzenesulfonamides

    6-Membered Heterocyclic Substituents and Miscellaneous Systems
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 36
    • A.N. Paruta + 1 más
    • Inglés
    One of three volumes which together cover all reported solubility data for an important pharmaceutical class: the sulfonamides. A knowledge of solubility data is invaluable in all pharmaceutical research. Published solubility data for the title compounds have been compiled and critically evaluated, resulting in recommended solubility values which practising scientists may use with confidence. Each volume includes structural formulae and molecular weight details for the compounds covered, conveniently grouped together.

  • High Resolution NMR

    Theory and Chemical Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • Edwin D. Becker
    • Inglés
    High Resolution NMR: Theory and Chemical Applications focuses on the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), as well as chemical shifts, lattices, and couplings. The book first offers information on the theory of NMR, including nuclear spin and magnetic moment, spin lattice relaxation, line widths, saturation, quantum mechanical description of NMR, and ringing. The text then ponders on instrumentation and techniques and chemical shifts. Discussions focus on the origin of chemical shifts, reference compounds, empirical correlations of chemical shifts, modulation and phase detection, requirements for high resolution NMR, and superconducting magnets. The text elaborates on electron-coupled spin-spin interactions, as well as origin of spin-spin coupling, signs of coupling constants, theory of spin-spin coupling, correlation of coupling constants with other physical properties, and observed coupling constant. The manuscript also ponders on the use of NMR in structure elucidation, theory and applications of double resonance, and analysis of complex spectra. The publication is a dependable reference for readers interested in high resolution NMR.

  • Esters with Water

    Esters 7-C to 32-C
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 49
    • F.W. Getzen + 2 más
    • Inglés
    This is the second volume in this series devoted to the solubility of esters with water. It includes solubility data for binary systems containing an ester and water up to the end of 1988. The critical evaluations were all prepared by one author and an introductory section has been included to elaborate the philosophy and methodology followed in the evaluations.

  • Analytical Chemistry—3

    • 1 Edición
    • P. Gh. Zugrǎvescu
    • Inglés
    Analytical Chemistry–3 provides information pertinent to the development of analytical chemistry. This book discusses the significant role of analytical chemistry in the progress of the chemical industry. Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of the contribution of analytical chemistry in the development as well as in process control of the industrial chemistry. This text then presents a brief history concerning the development of analytical chemistry in Romania. Other chapters consider the general problem of utilizing gradients in chromatography. This book discusses as well the developments in the determination of some common anions and describes the separation of anions of the same species. The final chapter deals with the classification of enrichment methods according to the type of sample for which they are to be used. This book is a valuable resource for chemists, analytical chemists, and pharmaceutical chemists. Teachers, scientists, researchers, and specialists in Romanian school of chemistry will also find this book useful.

  • For and Against

    A Discussion on the Award Scheme
    • 1 Edición
    • Alison Taylor
    • E. R. Staniford
    • Inglés
    For and Against: A Discussion on the Award Scheme provides a critical review of the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award for Young People. The awarding scheme is divided into two, a scheme for Boys and a scheme for Girls. The awards are given in bronze, silver, and gold. This book covers the means of determining the recipient of the award; the benefits that is given by the awarding system; the origin and development of the award giving body; the member clubs and organization involve in the awarding scheme; the activities organized by the committee; and fields of study that is under the coverage of the awarding scheme. This text also considers the design for living of the participants as well as a study of the possible improvements that could be made to the awarding system. The awarding system aims to provide an encouragement for youth to participate in physical exercises. The final chapter describes the opinions of panel member that is critical to the determination of winners. The book can provide useful information to the general reader.

  • The Destruction of Organic Matter

    International Series of Monographs in Analytical Chemistry
    • 1 Edición
    • T. T. Gorsuch
    • Inglés
    International Series of Monographs in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 39: The Destruction of Organic Matter focuses on the identification of trace elements in organic compounds. The monograph first offers information on the processes involved in the determination of trace elements in organic matters, as well as the methods not involving complete destruction of these elements. The text surveys the sources of errors in the processes responsible in pinpointing elements in organic compounds. These processes include sampling, disruption of the samples, manipulation, and measurements. The book examines the processes of wet and dry oxidation, including their applications to sulfuric, nitric, and perchloric acids and hydrogen peroxide. The methods of dry ashing and oxidation with excited oxygen and oxidative fusion are elaborated. The text also underscores the varying methods in removing trace elements in organic compounds. The elements include zinc, copper, silver, gold, lead, germanium, titanium, arsenic, bismuth, and vanadium. The book also describes wet digestion methods and dry ashing procedures in the removal of trace elements in organic matters. The monograph is a vital source of information for readers interested in the identification of trace elements in organic compounds.

  • Mercury in Liquids, Compressed Gases, Molten Salts and Other Elements

    Solubility Data Series
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 29
    • H. Lawrence Clever
    • Inglés
    An element of obvious importance, mercury is also hazardous in the environment and corrosive to many materials. A knowledge of its solubility is inestimable in addressing problems concerning the element's concentration in our surroundings. This volume presents all relevant data published on the solubility of mercury up to June 1986. By combining these data with the mercury equilibrium vapour pressure, Henry's constant and Ostwald coefficients can be calculated.

  • Reactive Intermediates in the Gas Phase

    Generation and Monitoring
    • 1 Edición
    • D. W. Setser
    • Inglés
    Reactive Intermediates in the Gas Phase: Generation and Monitoring covers methods for reactive intermediates in the gas phase. The book discusses the generation and measurement of atom and radical concentrations in flow systems; the high temperature flow tubes, generation and measurement of refractory species; and the electronically excited long-lived states of atoms and diatomic molecules in flow systems. The text also describes the production and detection of reactive species with lasers in static systems; the production of small positive ions in a mass spectrometer; and the discharge-excited rare gas halide lasers. Chemists, physicists, and people working in aerochem laboratories will find the book invaluable.

  • Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications of Liquid Chromatography

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 1
    • W.J. Lough + 2 más
    • Inglés
    This volume reflects the changes that have taken place in the pharmaceutical industry over the last ten years, most notably the increased importance attached to the question of chirality, the growing influence of biotechnology and the need for more rigorous documentation and validation of analytical methods and procedures.The first part of this book deals with the application of new technology to pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, reflecting the present needs for increased speed, sensitivity and selectivity in the analysis of drugs. The second chapter provides an overview of capillary electophoresis, which represents one of the most inportant analytical developments to impact directly on pharmaceutical development in recent years. Although not a chromatographic technique, capillary electrophoresis was considered too important to be ignored.Over the last 25 years, liquid chromatography has grown into a mature analytical technique and many of the fundamental issues concerned with retention and separation are well defined. The practitioners of modern liquid chromatography spend as much time in the development of techniques for sampling handling and automation as they do in the development of the separation. Therefore, Part Two of this book describes some of the recent advances in the areas of sample handling and the isolation of compounds from biological samples, including solid phase extraction, restricted access media for direct injection, coupled column technology and microdialysis. Similarily, Part Three contains two chapters concerned with liquid chromatographic methods for the isolation of drug substances, peptides and proteins from other complex media.The pharmaceutical industry and the process of drug development are highly regulated and the increasing importance that the regulatory authorities attach to validation has had a significant impact on the analytical techniques used for the analysis of drugs. Although this has increased the workload of analysts in the pharmaceutical industry, it has also improved the quality of analytical methods used in the support of investigational and new drug applications as well as the quality of methods published more recently in the literature. Consequently, Part Four of this volume describes approaches to the optimization and validation of liquid chromatography methods for the analysis of drugs in the bulk form, in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids.

  • Determination of Beta-Blockers in Biological Material

    Evaluation of Analytical Methods in Biological Systems
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 4
    • V. Marko
    • Inglés
    This is the third volume of a sub-series entitled Evaluation of Analytical Methods in Biological Systems. (The first two were Analysis of Biogenic Amines edited by G.B. Baker and R.T. Coutts, and Hazardous Metals in Human Toxicology edited by A. Vercruysse).This latest volume addresses beta-blockers - an area of research for which a Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded in 1988. It provides an up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of the theory and practice of the determination of beta-blockers in biological material. Two main fields of research are dealt with in this book: analytical chemistry and pharmacology, and, as it deals with drugs used in clinical practice, it is also related to a third area: therapy. Thus, it offers relevant information to workers in all three fields.Some 50 beta-blockers are discussed, and nine methods of analysis. The methods are divided into three groups: optical, chromatographic, and saturation methods. In addition to the analytical methods themselves, sample handling problems are also discussed in detail, as is the information content of the analytical results obtained. Special chapters are directed towards those working in pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Finally, as recent evidence points to the increased importance of distinguishing optical isomers of drugs, a chapter on the determination of optical isomers of beta-blockers in biological material is also included. An extensive subject index and two supplements giving retention indices and structures of beta-blockers complete the book.This is the first book to treat beta-blockers from the point of view of their determination and to discuss in detail the use of analytical methods for beta-blockers. It will thus appeal to a wide-ranging readership.

  • Interfacial Transport Processes and Rheology

    • 1 Edición
    • Howard Brenner
    • Inglés
    This textbook is designed to provide the theory, methods of measurement, and principal applications of the expanding field of interfacial hydrodynamics. It is intended to serve the research needs of both academic and industrial scientists, including chemical or mechanical engineers, material and surface scientists, physical chemists, chemical and biophysicists, rheologists, physiochemical hydrodynamicists, and applied mathematicians (especially those with interests in viscous fluid mechanics and continuum mechanics).As a textbook it provides materials for a one- or two-semester graduate-level course in interfacial transport processes. It may also be noted that, while separate practical and theoretical subdivisions of material have been introduced, a kind of cross-emphasis is often stressed: (i) to the academic scientist, or the importance of understanding major applications of interfacial transport; and (ii) to the industrial scientist, of the importance of understanding the underlying theory.

  • Gas Phase Ion Chemistry

    Volume 2
    • 1 Edición
    • Michael T. Bowers
    • Inglés
    Gas Phase Ion Chemistry, Volume 2 covers the advances in gas phase ion chemistry. The book discusses the stabilities of positive ions from equilibrium gas-phase basicity measurements; the experimental methods used to determine molecular electron affinities, specifically photoelectron spectroscopy, photodetachment spectroscopy, charge transfer, and collisional ionization; and the gas-phase acidity scale. The text also describes the basis of the technique of chemical ionization mass spectrometry; the energetics and mechanisms of unimolecular reactions of positive ions; and the photodissociation of gas-phase ions. The applications of molecular beam techniques to the study of ion-molecule collisions; as well as the variational treatment of charge transfer reactions are also encompassed. Chemists and biochemists will find the book invaluable.

  • Ion Exchange Equilibrium Constants

    • 1 Edición
    • Y. Marcus + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Ion Exchange Equilibrium Constants focuses on the test-compilation of equilibrium constants for ion exchange reactions. The book first underscores the scope of the compilation, equilibrium constants, symbols used, and arrangement of the table. The manuscript then presents the table of equilibrium constants, including polystyrene sulfonate cation exchanger, polyacrylate cation exchanger, polymethacrylate cation exchanger, polysterene phosphate cation exchanger, and zirconium phosphate cation exchanger. The text highlights zirconium oxide anion exchanger, zeolite type 13Y cation exchanger, and zeolite type 4A cation exchanger. The book also presents references for mineral exhangers and polymeric ion exchangers. The book is a valuable reference for readers interested in equilibrium constants.

  • Slurry Flow

    Principles and Practice
    • 1 Edición
    • C A Shook + 1 más
    • Howard Brenner
    • Inglés
    Slurry Flow: Principles and Practice describes the basic concepts and methods for understanding and designing slurry flow systems, in-plan installations, and long-distance transportation systems. The goal of this book is to enable the design or plant engineer to derive the maximum benefit from a limited amount of test data and to generalize operating experience to new situations. Design procedures are described in detail and are accompanied by illustrative examples needed by engineers with little or no previous experience in slurry transport.The technical literature in this field is extensive: this book facilitates its use by surveying current research results and providing explanations of mechanistic flow models. This discussion of background scientific principles helps the practitioner to better interpret test data, select pumps, specify materials of construction, and choose measuring devises for slurry transport systems. The extensive range of topics covered in Slurry Flow: Principles and practice includes slurry rheology, homogeneous and heterogeneous slurry flow principles, wear mechanisms, pumping equipment, instrumentation, and operating aspects.

  • Zirconia

    MMR
    • 3 Edición
    • Sam Stuart
    • Inglés
    Zirconia, 3rd Edition, Volume 1 provides a comprehensive coverage of the various areas of concerns in the zirconia industry. The title first covers the various forms of zirconia, and then proceeds to tackling the sources of zirconia. Next, the selection deals with methods of production. The subsequent chapter covers the production, trade, and consumption of zirconia. The text also talks about end uses of zirconia along with its price. The book will be of great interest to professionals who are involved in the zirconia industry.

  • Organo-Transition Metal Compounds and Related Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysis

    Pergamon Texts in Inorganic Chemistry
    • 1 Edición
    • B. L. Shaw + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Organo-Transition Metal Compounds and Related Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysis deals with the chemistry of organo-transition metal complexes and their uses as homogeneous catalysts and as intermediates in organic synthesis. The compounds are classified mainly from the number of carbon atoms that are actually bonded to the metal and to each other. This volume is comprised of eight chapters and begins with a discussion on alkyls, aryls, acetylides, fluorocarbon complexes, and carbides, along with olefin, allene, and acetylene complexes. The reader is then introduced to π-allylic and related complexes such as fluoroallyl complexes; complexes with conjugated diolefins including fluorodiolefins but excluding cyclobutadienes; cyclopentadienyl-met... pentadienyl-metal, and related complexes; and arene complexes, related complexes with conjugated trienes, and thiophene complexes such as benzenoid-metal or arene-metal complexes, cyclopheptatriene complexes, and complexes with other six electron donors. Cycloheptatrienyl or tropylium complexes are also considered, along with cyclo-octatetraene, azulene complexes, and carborane complexes. This book will be a valuable source of information for inorganic chemists.

  • Cephalosporins and Penicillins

    Chemistry and Biology
    • 1 Edición
    • Edwin H. Flynn
    • Inglés
    Cephalosporins and Penicillins: Chemistry and Biology describes the studies made on cephalosporin in relation to the scientific and medicinal benefits that can be derived from cephalosporin C. This collection discusses how cephalosporin C is produced through modern isolation methods. One paper discusses its structure through chemical means, its degradation products, its derivative and other metabolic products such as penicillin N and cephalosporin P. Another paper explains the preparation method for 7-aminocephalosporan... acid and 6-aminopenicillanic acid through biological or chemical means. Another paper explains the alteration of the dihydrothiazine ring of the cephalosporins as the functionalities of these rings are chemically difficult to obtain. One paper also explains the rearrangements of cephalosporins and penicillins; cephalosporin can be synthesized from penicillin through an intermediacy of penicillin sulfoxide. Other papers discuss the pharmacology and toxicology of cephalosporins, as well as the practical tests and methods of assay that can be used in most cephalosporins, and in some cases, in penicillins. This book can prove useful for pharmacologists, microchemists, research workers, and technologists dealing with toxicology.

  • Organometallic Syntheses

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 4
    • R. Bruce King
    • Inglés
    Over 160 detailed and tested procedures for the preparation of specific organometallic compounds are given in Volume 4. Part I contains procedures for the synthesis of 76 types of transition metal organometallic compounds, and Part II procedures for the synthesis of 85 nontransition metal organometallic compounds. In both parts, the editors have sought to include procedures that give the safe, reliable synthesis of organometallic compounds that can lay some claim to significance in current chemical research. This significance may be based on various factors such as: (a) the synthesis describes the formation of an unusual or less common structural type; (b) the compound prepared is a useful intermediate in other syntheses; (c) the compound is a model reagent for investigating the mechanisms of various fundamental or industrial processes, such as the Fischer-Tropsch reaction; (d) the compound is a useful reagent in organic synthesis; and (e) the techniques employed in the synthesis of the compound are unusual and worthy of further application, such as metal-atom and electrochemical procedures.Each specific or generalized procedure is organized into the following sections: an Introduction which discusses the available procedures and the reasons guiding the choice of the one selected; a Procedure section which strives to describe the modus operandi, the safety concerns and pitfalls in the preparation; a Properties section that offers further physical and chemical data on the product and, where appropriate, indications of how the compounds can be employed in research; and a Reference section which gives both leading literature citations and supplemental comments on the procedure.Research laboratories in organometallic chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry and molecular catalysis have in this book a rich source of information on the preparation of organometallic compounds.

  • Solubility Data Series

    Carbon Monoxide
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 43
    • R.W. Cargill
    • Inglés
    This volume in the Solubility Data Series contains tabulated collections and critical evaluations of original data for the solubility of carbon monoxide in a variety of liquid solvents. The solvents include water, aqueous and non-aqueous salt solutions, a variety of hydrocarbons, a variety of oxygen-containing, halogen-containing, sulfur-containing, and nitrogen-containing organic compounds, and also some biological fluids with which carbon monoxide has an important interaction. The data were gathered from a search of the world's chemical literature through to the end of 1988, and make up a unique and valuable historical survey of the solubility of carbon monoxide. Their publication is timely in view of current concern about carbon monoxide as an atmospheric pollutant, and in view of the role which carbon monoxide is likely to play in the future, as chemical feedstocks may have to change in response to supply and demand patterns, and as alternative energy sources are developed, especially coal gasification technology. For all of these applications, and for numerous others, this volume of well documented and critically evaluated gas solubility data will be of tremendous benefit.

  • Application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry

    International Series in Organic Chemistry
    • 2 Edición
    • L. M. Jackman + 1 más
    • D. H. R. Barton + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry, Second Edition focuses on the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to problems in organic chemistry and the theories involved in this kind of spectroscopy. The book first discusses the theory of nuclear magnetic resonance, including dynamic and magnetic properties of atomic nuclei, nuclear resonance, and relaxation process. The manuscript also examines the experimental method. Topics include experimental factors that influence resolution and the shapes of absorption lines; measurement of line positions and identification of the chemical shift; and measurement of intensities. The text reviews the theories of chemical effects in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and spin-spin multiplicity and the theory and applications of multiple irradiation. The book also tackles the theory of chemical shift, including the classification of shielding effects, local diamagnetic proton shielding, solvent effects, and contact shifts. The publication is a dependable source of data for readers interested in the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

  • Recommendations for Nomenclature of Ion-Selective Electrodes

    International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry: Analytical Chemistry Division
    • 1 Edición
    • Sam Stuart
    • Inglés
    Recommendations for Nomenclature of Ion-Selective Electrodes presents the recommendations in the standardization of nomenclature in the field of ion-selective electrodes. The report contains most of the suggestions made on previous drafts by experts and other scientific bodies on analytical chemistry from different countries. The text is divided into three sections. The first section presents the general nomenclature recommendations. Part II focuses on the classification of ion-selective electrodes. The final section presents the constants and symbols used in the area of ion-selective electrodes. Chemists and physicists will find the book very useful.

  • Calorimetry of Non-Reacting Systems

    Prepared Under the Sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Commission on Thermodynamics and the Thermochemistry
    • 1 Edición
    • John P. McCullough + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Experimental Thermodynamics, Volume 1: Calorimetry of Non-Reacting Systems covers the heat capacity determinations for chemical substances in the solid, liquid, solution, and vapor states, at temperatures ranging from near the absolute zero to the highest at which calorimetry is feasible. This book is divided into 14 chapters. The first four chapters provide background information and general principles applicable to all types of calorimetry of non-reacting systems. The remaining 10 chapters deal with specific types of calorimetry. Most of the types of calorimetry treated are developed over a considerable period and brought to a relatively sophisticated state. For such calorimetry, the approach adopted is to give detailed accounts of a few examples of apparatus and techniques representative of the best current practice in the field. For the few types of calorimetry, a general review of the field was considered more appropriate. This book will prove useful to thermochemists, engineers, and experimentalists.

  • Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis–1983

    Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis
    • 1 Edición
    • Martin J. O'Donnell + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis—1983 presents an annual review of synthetically useful information that would prove beneficial to nearly all organic chemists, both specialist and nonspecialist in synthesis. It should help relieve some of the information storage burden of the specialist and should aid the nonspecialist who is seeking help with a specific problem to become rapidly aware of recent synthetic advances. In producing this volume the editors abstracted 47 primary chemistry journals, selecting useful synthetic advances. All reactions and methods which are new, synthetically useful, and reasonably general are included. Each entry is comprised primarily of structures accompanied by very few comments. The purpose of this is to aid the reader in rapidly scanning the book. Chapters I-III are organized by reaction type and constitute the major part of the book. Chapter IV deals with methods of synthesizing heterocyclic systems. Chapter V covers the use of new protecting groups. Chapter VI is divided into three main parts and covers those synthetically useful transformations that do not fit easily into the first three chapters. The first part deals only with functional group synthesis. The second part covers ring expansion and contraction, and the third part involves useful multistep sequences.

  • Geodynamic Models

    An Evaluation and Synthesis
    • 1 Edición
    • R. W. Van Bemmelen
    • Inglés
    Developments in Geotectonics, Volume 2: Geodynamic Models: An Evaluation and a Synthesis presents the concept of sea-floor spreading and the hypothesis of global plate tectonics. This book provides a basic understanding of the global movements. Organized into eight chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the concept of global plate tectonics, with its additional hypotheses of subduction zones and sea-floor spreading. This text then examines the concept of vertical deformations of the lithosphere and their gravitational spreading. Other chapters consider the analysis of geotectonic processes that is based on some general principles of their mechanics. This book discusses as well the origin of mega-undations in turbulent and laminar flow systems in the lower mantle, where the matter may have a Newtonian viscosity. The final chapter deals with the geodynamics of the Earth's crust as the result of the outward growth of the deep ocean floor from mid-ocean ridges. This book is a valuable resource for geologists, geonomists, and geophysicists.

  • Introduction to Quantitative Ultramicroanalysis

    • 1 Edición
    • I. M. Korenman
    • Inglés
    Introduction to Quantitative Ultramicroanalysis has been compiled on the basis of reports published by numerous authors. It does not claim to offer an exhaustive treatment of ultramicroanalysis, but it summarizes data on the subject and related experimental methods and techniques, newly designed requisite equipment, etc. Several procedures are described which have proved effective in analyzing minute amounts of sample. The weighing of extremely small objects is treated most extensively, as are the titration and colorimetry of solutions. The equipment used in ultramicroanalysis, in addition to its minute size, is of a highly specialized design. These unique features, as well as some of the simpler micromanipulators, are discussed in the related chapters.

  • Isotopic Tracers in Biology

    An Introduction to Tracer Methodology
    • 3 Edición
    • Martin D. Kamen
    • Louis F. Fieser + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Isotopic Tracers in Biology: An Introduction to Tracer Methodology, Third Edition focuses on stable isotopes, structures, composition, and reactions of nitrogen and oxygen, and radioactive tracers. The book first takes a look at atomic nuclei, radioactivity, and the production of radioactive isotopes and radiation characteristics of tracer atoms. Topics include nuclear reactions, general properties of nuclei, radioactivity, target techniques and radiochemistry, and beta and gamma radiations. The text also discusses isotopic assay, radiation hazards, procedures related with sample preparation for radioactive assay, and combustion of labeled materials. The manuscript examines the biochemical, physiological, and medical aspects of tracer methodology, as well as biochemical applications, value of tracer methods for biology, intermediary metabolism, and applications to clinical research. The text also ponders on the isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Concerns include assay of deuterium and tritium, short-lived and heavy stable carbon, and oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus isotopes. The publication is a dependable reference for readers interested in isotopic tracers.

  • Advances in Magnetic Resonance

    Volume 12
    • 1 Edición
    • John S. Waugh
    • Inglés
    Advances in Magnetic Resonance, Volume 12, presents a variety of contributions to the theory and practice of magnetic resonance. The book contains six chapters and begins with a discussion of diffusion and self-diffusion measurements by nuclear magnetic resonance. This is followed by separate chapters on spin-lattice relaxation time in hydrogen isotope mixtures; the principles of optical detection of nuclear spin alignment and nuclear quadropole resonance; and the spin-1 behavior, including the relaxation of the quasi-invariants of the motion of a system of pairs of dipolar coupled spin-1/2 nuclei. Subsequent chapters deal with the development and application of crafted pulse shapes in nuclear magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance imaging, and optical coherent transient (laser) spectroscopies; and the application of pulsed proton nuclear magnetic resonance "broad line" spectroscopy as a thermal analysis technique and its use to study thermal transformations in hydrogen-containing solids, in particular coals and related organic materials.

  • Handbook of Coordination Catalysis in Organic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Penny A Chaloner
    • Inglés
    Handbook of Coordination Catalysis in Organic Chemistry presents the increasing importance of homogeneous catalysis by metal complexes. This book highlights special selectivities that can be obtained using coordination complexes as catalysts, including a discussion of homogeneous catalysts and closely related polymer supported complexes. Other topics include hydrogenation and related reactions, reactions of carbon monoxide, and additions to carbon-carbon multiple bonds. The isomerization reactions, reactions of the carbonyl group, formation of carbon-carbon bonds, and alkene metathesis are also deliberated. This publication is intended for organic chemists, but is also useful to specialists and researchers interested in the coordination catalysis in organic chemistry.

  • Crystals

    Their Role in Nature and in Science
    • 1 Edición
    • Charles Bunn
    • Henry Booker + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Crystals: Their Role in Nature and in Science provides the description of the phenomena and concepts and essential facts and ideas in the study of crystals. The book is divided into two parts. Part 1 discusses the growth and various forms of crystals. Under this section, topics on the etymology of the word "crystal", the existence of crystals, how crystals grow, stacking patterns, and various crystal symmetries are presented. Part 2 covers the crystal structure and how it interacts with light and X-rays. This part discusses some strange light effects that some crystals make; the production of beautiful and scientifically significant color patterns; the possible types of space patterns in crystals; and the use of X-ray in finding the details of the internal atomic pattern of crystals. Crystallographers and laymen interested in the study and appreciation of crystals will find the book invaluable.

  • Critical Evaluation of Some Equilibrium Constants Involving Alkylammonium Extractants

    Commission on Equilibrium Data
    • 1 Edición
    • A. S. Kertes
    • Inglés
    Critical Evaluation of Some Equilibrium Constants Involving Alkylammonium Extractants reviews the data on equilibrium constants involving long-chain alkylammonium salt extractants. The book considers only two types of pertinent heterogeneous equilibria: the formation constants of alkylammonium salts; and the constants of the aggregation equilibria of these salts in organic solvents employed as diluents in solvent extraction processes. The basic principles of the most reliable and recommended experimental procedures; and the methods of treatment of numerical data and the calculations involved are also reviewed. Chemists will find this book a good reference.

  • Introduction to Carbon Science

    • 1 Edición
    • Ian A. S. Edwards + 2 más
    • Harry Marsh
    • Inglés
    Introduction to Carbon Science deals with various aspects of carbon science, from polymer science and prosthetics to crystallography, carbonization, spectroscopy, and surface science. Topics covered include the mechanisms of formation of isotropic and anisotropic carbons, physical properties of pitch relevant to the fabrication of carbon materials; kinetics and catalysis of carbon gasification; and porosity in carbons and graphites. Carbon fibers, cokes and composites, and coal to coke transformations are also discussed. This book is comprised of nine chapters and begins with an overview of the basic structural features of carbon materials, along with definitions of the various carbon forms encountered in carbon science. The principal techniques for studying the structure of solid carbons are also considered. The reader is then introduced to the mechanisms underlying the formation of isotropic and anisotropic carbons; the physicochemical changes that take place when pitch is pyrolyzed to carbon; and kinetics and catalysis of carbon gasification reactions. The following chapters explore various types of porosity in carbons and graphites; manufacture, properties, structure, and applications of carbon fibers; and mechanical properties of cokes and composites. This text concludes by describing the conversion of coal to coke. This monograph will be of interest to carbon scientists, technologists, and engineers, as well as those entering the field of carbon science for the first time.

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