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Elsevier

Libros en Química

  • The Actinides: Electronic Structure and Related Properties

    • 1 Edición
    • A.J. Freeman
    • Inglés
    The Actinides: Electronic Structure and Related Properties, Volume I reviews major advances that have been made concerning the electronic structure and properties of actinide elements, alloys, and compounds. The electronic energy band structure and magnetic properties of the actinides are examined, and results of hyperfine and neutron scattering studies are presented. Comprised of six chapters, this book opens with a historical introduction to actinide research followed by a chapter on crystal field theory that discusses the behavior of 5f electrons in actinide compounds when exposed to strong crystal-field interactions, with emphasis on the strong intra-atomic correlation between electrons. The following chapters discuss the electronic energy band structure of the actinide metals, as derived from energy band theory; the magnetic properties of the actinide compounds in relation to their electronic structure; and the microscopic electronic properties of actinide metals and compounds obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance and neutron scattering studies. The final chapter summarizes the unique contribution by slow neutron-scattering experiments. This volume will be useful to scientists involved in work on the actinides as well as newcomers in the field.

  • Theoretical Chemistry Advances and Perspectives

    • 1 Edición
    • Henry Eyring
    • Inglés
    Theoretical Chemistry: Advances and Perspectives, Volume 1 analyzes all aspects of theoretical chemistry. This volume describes the statistical techniques for studying the nonequilibrium behavior of physical systems, followed by a discussion on the theory of optical activity. The interactions of inert gas molecules at large separations and conformal theory of solutions are also reviewed. This book likewise covers the application of the Hartree-Fock approximation to solids. Other topics include the line of sight interaction model, calculation of long-range interaction coefficients, perturbation expansion, common M-fluid theories, and classical Madelung sums. This publication is intended for researchers and practitioners of disciplines related to theoretical chemistry.

  • Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods V5

    • 1 Edición
    • F.C. Nachod
    • Inglés
    Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods, Volume 5 is a seven-chapter text that discusses the improvements of some established physical methods for organic structure determination. Each chapter of this book examines specific physical method, including electron diffraction, spin saturation labeling, chemically and electro-magnetically induced dynamic nuclear polarization, ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy, nuclear quadrupole resonance, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and automated analysis systems. The historical developments, principles, instrumentation, and applications to organic chemistry of these methods are discussed. This work will be of value to organic and analytical chemists and researchers.

  • Dehydrobenzene and Cycloalkynes

    • 1 Edición
    • Reinhard W. Hoffmann
    • Inglés
    Dehydrobenzene and Cycloalkynes deals with the problems associated with the production and reactions of dehydrobenzene and of the related fields of dehydroheterocycles and cycloalkynes. This book also describes the various synthetic applications of dehydrobenzene and provides a list of reactions in which dehydrobenzene occurs as an intermediary. The text explains the generation of dehydrobenzene by cleavage of cyclic systems, by photolytic methods, and by free radical reactions. Nucleophilic and electrophilic monodentate attacks on dehydrobenzene, as well as, bidentate additions to dehydrobenzene yielding cycloadducts. The book also notes that dehydrobenzene is not only a transition state but can be an intermediate of characteristic selectivity and lifetime. The reactions of dehydrobenzene in the gaseous phase affirm that the existence of dehydrobenzene is not restricted to the presence of a solvation shell. The researcher can then study the molecular structure of dehydrobenzene when its existence has been fully established. The text also extends the principle that the dehydroaromatic intermediates can be obtained by abstracting two adjacent hydrogen atoms from an aromatic substrate different from the 1- and 2- positions to arrive at a 1,3- and 1,4-dehydrobenzene. Researchers and scientists whose works are associated with organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, molecular physics or physical chemistry will find this book valuable.

  • Physical Chemistry and Its Biological Applications

    • 1 Edición
    • Wallace Brey
    • Inglés
    Physical Chemistry and Its Biological Applications presents the basic principles of physical chemistry and shows how the methods of physical chemistry are being applied to increase understanding of living systems. Chapters 1 and 2 of the book discuss states of matter and solutions of nonelectrolytes. Chapters 3 to 5 examine laws in thermodynamics and solutions of electrolytes. Chapters 6 to 8 look at acid-base equilibria and the link between electromagnetic radiation and the structure of atoms. Chapters 9 to 11 cover different types of bonding, the rates of chemical reactions, and the process of adsorption. Chapters 12 to 14 present molecular aggregates, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and photochemistry, and radiation. This book is useful to biological scientists for self-study and reference. With modest additions of mathematical material by the teacher, the book should also be suitable for a full-year major's course in physical chemistry.

  • The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes V6

    Reactive Dyes
    • 1 Edición
    • K Venkataraman
    • Inglés
    The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes, Volume VI: Reactive Dyes is devoted solely to the reactive dyes, emphasizing their outstanding technical importance and development. This compilation is divided into three chapters. Chapter I focuses on the reactive group, while Chapter II describes the methods of preparation of typical and technically important reactive dyes. The technology and basic chemistry of the application of reactive dyes to textile fibers are covered in the last chapter. This compilation specifically discusses the reactive groups bound to the colorant, synthesis of reactive dyes, and establishment of the dye-fiber linkage. This volume is intended primarily for organic chemists and technologists concerned with the synthesis of dyes and their applications.

  • Modern Experimental Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • George W. Jr. Latimer
    • Inglés
    Modern Experimental Chemistry provides techniques of qualitative analysis that reinforce experiments on ionic equilibriums. This book includes the determination of water in hydrated salts; identification of an organic compound after determining its molecular weight; and nonaqueous titration of a salt of a weak acid. The calculation of chemical stoichiometry; calculation of thermodynamic properties by determining the change in equilibrium with temperature; and chromium chemistry are also covered. This compilation contains enough experiments for classes which have six hours of laboratory (two 3-hour meetings) per week to last two semesters. This publication is intended for chemistry students as an introductory manual to chemistry laboratory.

  • The Organic Chemistry of Iron Pt 1

    • 1 Edición
    • Ernst A. Koerner Von Gustorf
    • Inglés
    The Organic Chemistry of Iron, Volume 1 covers the structures and bonding and the applications of a variety of physical techniques to organo-iron compounds, optically active compounds, as well as chapters on ?-bonded, ?2-, ?3-, and ?4-organo-iron compounds. The book discusses the structure and bonding in organic iron compounds; NMR spectroscopy of organoiron compounds; and mass spectra. The text also describes Mössbauer spectroscopy; magnetic properties; electron paramagnetic resonance; and optical activity of iron. Compounds with iron-carbon?-bonds; monoolefin iron complexes; allyl iron complexes; and diene iron complexes are also considered. The stabilization of unstable species with carbonyliron is also encompassed.

  • symmetry In Coordination Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • John P. Jr. Fackler
    • Inglés
    Symmetry in Coordination Chemistry provides a comprehensive discussion of molecular symmetry. It attempts to bridge the gap between the elementary ideas of bonding and structure learned by freshmen, and those more sophisticated concepts used by the practicing chemist. The book emphasizes the use of symmetry in describing the bonding and structure of transition metal coordination compounds. The book begins with a review of basic concepts such as molecular symmetry, coordination numbers, symmetry classification, and point group symmetry. This is followed by separate chapters on the electronic, atomic, and magnetic properties of d-block transition elements; the representation of orbital symmetries in a manner consistent with the point group of a molecule. Also included are discussions of vibrational symmetry; crystal field theory, ligand field theory, and molecular orbital theory; and the chemistry of a select few d-block transition elements and their compounds. This book is meant to supplement the traditional course work of junior-senior inorganic students. It is for them that the problems and examples have been chosen.

  • Advanced Organic Synthesis

    Methods and Techniques
    • 1 Edición
    • Richard Monson
    • Inglés
    Advanced Organic Synthesis: Methods and Techniques presents a survey and systematic introduction to the modern techniques of organic synthesis. The book attempts to acquaint the reader with a variety of laboratory techniques as well as introduce chemical reagents that require deftness and care in handling. Chapters are devoted that discuss the techniques of organic synthesis; apparatus and terminology used in the description of synthetic procedures; the scope and mechanism of chemical reactions; and technical procedures on how to perform chemical experiments. The text will be of vital importance to advanced undergraduate student or beginning graduate student of chemistry.

  • Survey of Progress in Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 6
    • Arthur Scott
    • Inglés
    Survey of Progress in Chemistry, Volume 6 is a five-chapter text that covers the developments of some areas in chemistry. Chapter 1 describes the unusual reactivity of ruthenium(II) amines and outlines some qualitative ideas that help in understanding the chemistry of Ru(II) in relation to that of comparison ions. This text also examines the affinity of Ru(II) for unsaturated ligands and the chemical effects of back-bonding on the properties of ligands. Chapter 2 investigates the concept of the so-called “chemical evolution” and its role in the origins of life on Earth. Chapter 3 presents the various methods that have been applied to follow the rates of ionization of carbon acids. Chapter 4 focuses on the mechanisms of pericyclic reactions and orbital symmetry. This chapter specifically tackles cycloadditions, electrocyclizations, sigmatropic shifts, chelotropic reactions, group transfers, and some types of addition and elimination reactions. Chapter 5 discusses the fundamentals of polypeptide conformation and the conformation and function of selected peptides. This book is an ideal source for chemistry teachers and students.

  • Environment, Chemistry, and metabolism

    • 1 Edición
    • Harry Gelboin
    • Inglés
    Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Cancer, Volume 1: Environment, Chemistry, and Metabolism brings together information from many diverse disciplines in the environmental, chemical, biological, and medical sciences to provide a comprehensive account of the link between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cancer. This volume consists of 19 chapters divided into seven sections based on the following themes: Energy Sources; Environmental Occurrence and Monitoring; Tobacco Carcinogenesis; Chemistry, Carcinogenicity, and Theory; Metabolism and Activation; Enzymology; and Pharmacokinetics. The first three chapters focus on the energy sources, occurrence and surveillance, and environmental monitoring of PAHs. The discussion then turns to the link between smoking and cancer; the carcinogenicity of 5-methylchrysene; synthesis and reactions of diol epoxides and related metabolites of carcinogenic hydrocarbons; and enzymes of oxygenation. The final chapter is devoted to the pharmacokinetics of chemically reactive metabolites. This book will be of interest to investigators and educators concerned with scientific aspects of PAH research; government officials and elected representatives as well as industry leaders who must confront and solve the problems related to PAHs; and others in various fields such as chemistry, environmental science, biochemistry and enzymology, pharmacology, molecular and cell biology, and genetics.

  • Handbook of Naturally Occurring Compounds V2

    • 1 Edición
    • T.K. Devon
    • Inglés
    Handbook of Naturally Occurring Compounds, Volume II: Terpenes is a handbook of naturally occurring compounds to which structures have been assigned, with particular reference to terpenes. Each structure is stored in the handbook with its name, molecular formula, molecular weight, optical rotation, melting point, literature reference, and classification number. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of terpenes and their classification schemes, followed by terpenoid classes and their structural/biogeneti... categories as well as skeletons: monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sesterterpenes, triterpenes, steroids, carotenoids, and polyprenoids. Miscellaneous compounds of terpenoid origin are also considered, including the ionones and fraxinellone. This final category for miscellaneous compounds of terpenoid origin arises through the somewhat frequent occurrence of oxidative degradation in terpenoid biosynthesis. In general these compounds have degraded structures such that there exists some ambiguity as to their precise biosynthetic precursors. Each individual compound possesses a compound sequence number which, in combination with the Classification Code Number, supplies a unique address for that compound. This book should be a valuable resource for chemists as well as students and researchers of chemistry.

  • The variation method in quantum chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Saul Epstein
    • Inglés
    The Variation Method in Quantum Chemistry is generally a description of the basic theorems and points of view of the method. Applications of these theorems are also presented through several variational procedures and concrete examples. The book contains nine concise chapters wherein the first two ones tackle the general concept of the variation method and its applications. Some chapters deal with other theorems such as the Generealized Brillouin and Hellmann-Feynman Theorems. Also covered in the discussion is the relation of the Perturbation Theory and the Variation Method. This book will be of great help to students and researchers studying quantum chemistry.

  • Seismic Migration

    Imaging of Acoustic Energy by Wave Field Extrapolation
    • 1 Edición
    • A. J. Berkhout
    • Inglés
    Seismic Migration: Imaging of Acoustic Energy by Wave Field Extrapolation derives the migration theory from first principles. This book also obtains a formulated forward modeling and migration theory by introducing the propagation matrices and the scattering matrix. The book starts by presenting the basic results from vector analysis, such as the scalar product, gradient, curl, and divergence. It also describes the theorem of Stokes, theorem of Gause and the Green’s theorem. The book also deals with discrete spectral analysis, two-dimensional Fourier theory and plane wave analysis. It also describes the wave theory, including the plane waves and k-f diagram, spherical waves, and cylindrical waves. This book explores the forward problem and the inward problem of the wave field extrapolation, as well as the modeling by wave field extrapolation. Furthermore, the book explains the migration in the wave number-frequency domain. It also includes the summation approach and finite-difference approach to migration, as well as a comparison between the different approaches to migration. Finally, the book offers the limits of lateral resolution as the last chapter.

  • Simple Dense Fluids

    • 1 Edición
    • H.L. Frisch
    • Inglés
    Simple Dense Fluids is a nine-chapter text that explores the chemistry and physics of simple fluid systems. Simple systems primarily include the noble gases, the homonuclear diatomic molecules, and a select group of some polyatomic but spherically symmetrical molecules. The opening chapter describes the change of thermodynamic functions along the saturation line and how these functions can best be obtained from sets of measurements that are often in conflict, with an emphasis on the functions of three simple liquids: argon, nitrogen, and oxygen. The following chapter outlines the basic thermodynamic and statistical mechanical ideas that have been applied to the liquid-vapor interface, followed by a summary of surface tension data of simple fluids. Considerable chapters are devoted to X-ray, light, and neutron scattering measurements on simple dense fluids. This book further discusses the use of electromagnetic data, especially the dielectric constant and refractive index, in the interpretation of molecular interactions and molecular structure. The available experimental data on several nonpolar liquids and liquid mixtures are also provided. The final chapters survey the nuclear relaxation and spectroscopic data in simple liquids. These chapters also present experimental data relevant to transport phenomena in simple fluids. Workers and researchers in the field of simple dense fluids will find this book of great value.

  • Reactive Free Radicals

    • 1 Edición
    • J Hay
    • Inglés
    Reactive Free Radicals deals with the chemistry of reactive free radicals. The initial premise is that the reactivity of a free radical depends upon its shape and therefore upon the character of the orbital(s) containing the unpaired electron. Based on this premise, a possible explanation for some of the fascinating phenomena observed in a number of free radical reactions such as combustion and pyrolysis is offered. This book is comprised of five chapters and begins with a brief overview of the chemistry of free radicals, what they are and how they are formed, and their structure and reactivity. The emphasis is on those characteristics of free radicals attributable directly to the unpaired electron function. The reader is then introduced to the techniques used for the determination of the structure of free radicals, including electron spin resonance spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Subsequent chapters focus on bond dissociation energies and some of the complications arising from polar and non-polar effects in free radical reactions. This monograph should serve as a valuable reference for organic chemists as well as undergraduate and graduate students of organic chemistry.

  • Fundamentals of Chemistry: A Modern Introduction (1966)

    • 1 Edición
    • Frank Brescia
    • Inglés
    Fundamentals of Chemistry: A Modern Introduction focuses on the formulas, processes, and methodologies used in the study of chemistry. The book first looks at general and historical remarks, definitions of chemical terms, and the classification of matter and states of aggregation. The text then discusses gases. Ideal gases; pressure of a gas confined by a liquid; Avogadro's Law; and Graham's Law are described. The book also discusses aggregated states of matter, atoms and molecules, chemical equations and arithmetic, thermochemistry, and chemical periodicity. The text also highlights the electronic structures of atoms. Quantization of electricity; spectra of elements; quantization of the energy of an electron associated with nucleus; the Rutherford-Bohr nuclear theory; hydrogen atom; and representation of the shapes of atomic orbitals are explained. The text also highlights the types of chemical bonds, hydrocarbons and their derivatives, intermolecular forces, solutions, and chemical equilibrium. The book focuses as well on ionic solutions, galvanic cells, and acids and bases. It also discusses the structure and basicity of hydrides and oxides. The reactivity of hydrides; charge of dispersal and basicity; effect of anionic charge; inductive effect and basicity; and preparation of acids are described. The book is a good source of information for readers wanting to study chemistry.

  • Carbene Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Wolfgang Kirmse
    • Inglés
    Organic Chemistry, Volume 1: Carbene Chemistry is a 12-chapter text that covers pertinent research studies on the carbene chemistry. The first ten chapters are devoted to comprehensive surveys of carbene chemistry. Each chapter tackles specific carbene compound, such as olefinic and acetylenic carbenes, aryl and diarylcarbenes, carboalkoxycarbenes, ketocarbenes, halocarbenes, heteroatom-containin... carbenes, and dicarbenes. The formation, synthesis, and reactions of these compounds are discussed. The remaining two chapters the excess energy in reactions and spin states of carbenes. This book will be of value to organic chemists, organic chemistry researchers, teachers, and students.

  • Transparency Masters for Basics for Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • David Ucko
    • Inglés
    Transparency Masters for Basics for Chemistry consists of 47 figures, tables, and charts illustrating concepts in basic chemistry, including energy levels, molecular formation and characteristics, the periodic table of elements, and much more.

  • Free Radical Telomerization

    • 1 Edición
    • Charles Starks
    • Inglés
    Free Radical Telomerization focuses on the scattered theory, experimental work, and technology of free radical telomerization. This book begins by discussing the theory and general features of telomerization, free radical reactivities, and kinetics, followed by a systematic catalog of the chemistry and quantitative behavior of individual telogens. This text concludes with a presentation on cotelomerization. The telomerization reactions mediated by species other than free radicals are not covered. Other topics include the catalysis of chain transfer with transition metal salts, abstraction chain transfer activity of halo compounds, radical rearrangements during telomerization, and phosphorus compounds as telogens. This publication is recommended for chemists interested in free radical telomerization.

  • The Organic Chemistry of Nickel

    Organic Synthesis
    • 1 Edición
    • P.W. Jolly
    • Inglés
    The Organic Chemistry of Nickel, Volume II: Organic Synthesis describes the chemistry of the organonickel complexes and the use of nickel in organic synthesis. Composed of six chapters, this volume starts with discussions on the oligomerization, co-oligomerization, and polymerization of olefins, followed by short accounts of the mechanistically related isomerization and hydrogenation of olefins, as well as the hydrosilylation and hydrocyanation reactions. Chapter II examines the oligomerization of acetylene and substituted alkynes, the co-oligomerization of alkynes with olefins, the related oligomerization of allene, including a number of telomerization reactions involving alkynes or allenes. Chapters III and IV describe the oligomerization, co-oligomerization, and polymerization of butadiene and substituted 1,3-dienes. Chapter V explores the coupling of organic halides in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of zerovalent nickel complexes, and the nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between organic halides and Grignard reagents. Lastly, Chapter VI emphasizes the carbonylation of alkynes, olefins, and organic halides using nickel complexes. This book will be of great value to organic chemists and researchers who are interested in the application of nickel complexes to organic synthesis.

  • Combustion

    • 1 Edición
    • Irvin Glassman
    • Inglés
    Combustion deals with the underlying principles of combustion and covers topics ranging from chemical thermodynamics and chemical kinetics to detonation, oxidation characteristics of fuels, and flame phenomena in premixed combustible gases. Diffusion flames, ignition, and coal combustion are also discussed. This book consists of nine chapters and begins by introducing the reader to heats of reaction and formation, free energy, the equilibrium constant, and flame temperature calculations. The next chapter explores the rates of reactions and their temperature dependency; simultaneous interdependent and chain reactions; pseudo-first-order reactions; and pressure effect in fractional conversion. The explosion limits and oxidation characteristics of fuels such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons are also considered. The remaining chapters look at the laminar flame speed and stability limits of laminar flames, along with deflagration and detonation, burning in convective atmospheres, and the theory of thermal ignition. The final chapter is devoted to the burning of coal. This monograph will be a useful resource for students and teachers of physics.

  • Conceptual Models In Exploration Geochemistry

    The Canadian Cordillera And Canadian Shield
    • 1 Edición
    • P Bradshaw
    • Inglés
    Conceptual Models in Exploration Geochemistry: The Canadian Cordillera and Canadian Shield is a compilation of 38 case histories from the shield and the cordillera. This volume aims to develop models ideally for the systematic description and exploration of geochemical data. These idealized models describe the principles and mechanisms of anomalies, which govern the use of exploration geochemistry. Furthermore, this volume focuses on the use of soils and sediments in exploration geochemistry. This volume is divided into four sections, the first of which is an introduction about landscape geochemistry, the idealized models, standardization of field data, and the general principles of geochemical migration. The second section consists of the idealized models and nineteen case studies obtained from the Canadian Cordillera. The third section also consists of idealized models and case studies but these were obtained from the Canadian Shield. Both the second and third sections discuss, in different views, the mineral zoning and distribution of mineralization, Pleistocene geology, physiography, climate and vegetation, and soils. This volume concludes with a discussion on orientation sampling and standardization of data collection and presentation.

  • Catalytic Hydrogenation over Platinum Metals

    • 1 Edición
    • Paul Rylander
    • Inglés
    Catalytic Hydrogenation over Platinum Metals focuses on catalytic hydrogenation as an effective process in attaining controlled transformations of organic compounds. Composed of contributions of various authors, the book first provides information on catalysts, equipment, and conditions. Catalyst stability and reuse; types of catalyst; platinum metals; and synergism are covered. The text proceeds with discussions on hydrogenation reactors. Topics include atmospheric pressure reactors; low pressure reactors; microreactors; and high pressure reactors. The book also covers hydrogenation of carbon-carbon unsaturation. Catalytic metal; modified catalyst systems; stereochemistry; diacetylenes; and hydrogenolysis are discussed. The text also looks at the hydrogenation of aromatics, nitrogen and carbonyl compounds, and hydrogenolysis. Numerical representations and analysis, diagrams, and reactions of compounds when exposed to different laboratory conditions are considered. The selection is a great source of data for readers interested in studying the process of catalytic hydrogenation.

  • Physical Principles and Techniques of Protein Chemistry Part B

    • 1 Edición
    • Sydney Leach
    • Inglés
    Physical Principles and Techniques of Protein Chemistry, Part B deals with the theories and application of selected physical methods in protein chemistry evaluation. This book is divided into seven chapters that cover the ultracentrifugal analysis, light scattering, infrared (IR) methods, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and differential thermal analysis of protein properties. This text first describes the fundamental ideas and methodology of sedimentation analysis of ideal noninteracting solutes and the problems of nonideality and solute-solute interaction. This book then deals with the problems involved in the interpretation of viscometric data for evaluation of intrinsic viscosity of proteins. The following chapters examine the principles, measurement and analysis of spectra, and experimental techniques of light scattering, IR, and NMR spectroscopic methods. Discussions on coordination phenomena, identification of binding sites, and ion binding in the crystalline state and in protein solutions are included. The concluding chapter presents some examples of protein analysis using differential thermal analysis technique. This book is of great value to chemists, biologists, and researchers who have great appreciation of protein chemistry.

  • Advances in High Temperature Chemistry V4

    • 1 Edición
    • Leroy Eyring
    • Inglés
    Advances in High Temperature Chemistry, Volume 4 reviews and evaluates some techniques in high temperature chemistry. This book first discusses infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy of free radicals and molecular ions. It then turns to atomic carbon reactions and gas-solid surface reactions. It also presents several techniques for studying liquids and solids at extreme temperatures. Researchers and high temperature chemists will find this book invaluable.

  • Chemistry

    Imagination and Implication
    • 1 Edición
    • A. Truman Schwartz
    • Inglés
    Chemistry: Imagination and Implication focuses on the importance and impact of chemistry on daily living. This book discusses the essential concepts of chemistry and its application. Organized into 16 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the experimental facts, principles, and methods of chemistry as an aid in exercising intelligent and informed judgment in instances where controversy surrounds the interaction of chemistry with society or the individual. This text then explores the practical arts of metallurgy, which achieved a considerable degree of sophistication long before they were scientifically understood. The reader is then introduced to the atomic concept, the conservation of mass, as well as to the substances that constitute the living things. Other chapters consider the polymerization of amino acids into peptides and proteins. The final chapter examines the various applications of radioactive isotopes produced in particle accelerators. This book is intended for students and teachers who are involved in a chemistry course.

  • Student Guide For Living Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Barbara Ucko
    • Inglés
    Student Guide for Living Chemistry is a 23-chapter textbook guide that allows students to study and review on their own and test their understanding to help them prepare for examinations. Every chapter begins with a list of objectives, stating exactly the skills to develop in a particular unit. Each objective corresponds to a section in the textbook Living Chemistry. Three kinds of questions are provided for each objective to check the student’s understanding, namely, short answer (Study Questions), multiple-choice, and fill-in. The answers for all questions are provided at the end of the chapter. The opening chapters cover the SI units, composition of matter, chemical bonding, compounds, chemical change, gases, respiration, and water. The subsequent chapters deal with solutions, acids, bases, salts, nuclear and organic chemistry, oxygen derivatives and hydrocarbons, polymers, and other organic derivatives. This textbook also explores the chemistry of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, and energy and carbohydrate metabolism. The remaining chapters discuss the chemistry of vitamins, hormones, body fluid, drugs, and poisons. Undergraduate chemistry students will find this book invaluable.

  • Transition-Metal Organometallic Chemistry

    An Introduction
    • 1 Edición
    • R. Bruce King
    • Inglés
    Transition-Metal Organometallic Chemistry: An Introduction presents the basic facts and principles of transition-metal organometallic chemistry. The book discusses the general principles of transition-metal organometallic chemistry; the organometallic derivatives of the early transition metals; and the organometallic derivatives of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. The text also describes the organometallic derivatives of manganese, technetium, and rhenium; the organometallic derivatives of iron, ruthenium, and osmium; and the organometallic derivatives of cobalt, rhodium, and iridium. The organometallic derivatives of nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, and gold are also considered. Chemists and chemistry students will find the book invaluable.

  • Membrane Electrodes

    • 1 Edición
    • N Lakshminarayanaiah
    • Inglés
    Membrane Electrodes considers the significant developments in the field of sensing probes, with an emphasis on membrane electrodes. This book is organized into three parts encompassing 11 chapters. Part I is an introduction to the variety of ion-selective membrane electrodes that have been constructed and with which experiments have been conducted. This part deals first with the thermodynamic principles and other concepts underlying the description of the behavior of electrolyte solutions, followed by a discussion on the various theories of membrane potential applicable to a variety of solid and liquid membrane electrodes. Part II describes the preparation, properties, and uses of the various solid and liquid membrane electrodes. Part III presents glass membrane electrodes as a prelude to the description of other membrane systems in which glass electrodes are invariably used as the primary sensing device. This book will prove useful to students, technologists, and researchers in various fields of science and technology.

  • New Frontiers in Rare Earth Science and Applications

    • 1 Edición
    • Xu Guangxian
    • Inglés
    New Frontiers in Rare Earth Science and Applications, Volume I consists of extended abstracts of the lectures, papers, and posters presented at the International Conference on Rare Earth Development and Applications held in Beijing on September 10-14, 1985. This compilation discusses rare earth chemical and physical metallurgy, geology of rare earth mineralization in China, and study of hydroxamic acids for the floatation of rare earth minerals. The reactions of organolanthanoid complexes, use of lanthanide ions in the study of calmodulin structure, and influence of the weak magnetic field on red blood cell electrophorisis in mice bodies are also deliberated. This publication is a good source for researchers and scientists of disciplines related to earth science.

  • Radiationless Transitions

    • 1 Edición
    • Sheng Lin
    • Inglés
    Radiationless Transitions is a critical discussion of research studies on the theory and experiments in radiationless transitions. This book is composed of nine chapters, and begins with discussions on the theory and experiment of photophysical processes of single vibronic levels and/or single rovibronic levels. The subsequent chapters deal with the spectroscopic investigations of intramolecular vibrational relaxation; the dynamics of molecular excitation by light; and the photophysical processes of small molecules in condensed phase. The discussions then shift to the high pressure effects on molecular luminescence and the internal conversion involving localized excitations, presenting one qualitative and one quantitative example, as well as the intersystem crossing with localized excitations. A chapter explores the energy transfer processes that occur after a molecule in solution is excited by light, with an emphasis on solid solutions in which the large amplitude molecular motion is largely quenched. This chapter also looks into the liquid solutions in which the molecules can translate and rotate under the influence of fluctuating forces from the liquid. The concluding chapter focuses on ultrafast processes. Researchers in the fields of physics, chemistry, and biology will benefit from this book.

  • Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry V1

    • 2 Edición
    • Georg Brauer
    • Inglés
    Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 1, Second Edition focuses on the methods and mechanisms involved in conducting experiments on inorganic chemistry. Composed of contributions of various authors, the first part of the handbook focuses on special methods and devices for inorganic preparations. The materials mentioned include metals, plastics, pure solvents, and mercury. The text also looks at the importance of temperature and electrical discharges at the laboratory. The second part focuses on elements and compounds, hydrogen peroxide, and fluorine. Schematic diagrams and numerical representations are presented. The chemical reactions of these compounds when exposed to different laboratory conditions are analyzed through numerical representations and schematic diagrams. The handbook also presents lengthy discussions on the properties, compositions, and chemical responses of elements, compound, alkali metals, and earth metals. The formulas, reactions, and methodologies used in the experiments are presented. Considering the value of experiments contained, this manual is a valuable reference for readers interested in studying inorganic chemistry.

  • Basic Principles in Nucleic Acid Chemistry V2

    • 1 Edición
    • Paul O.P. Ts'o
    • Inglés
    Basic Principles in Nuclear Acid Chemistry, Volume II presents the significant progress in nucleic acid research and its contribution and influence on various aspects of human life. This book contains five chapters and begins with the susceptibility of nucleic acids towards attack by chemical reagents whose reactions with polynucleotides have been studied. This topic is followed by a presentation of experimental techniques used to study the properties of nucleic acids. The following chapter discusses some basic features embodied in the polyribo- and poly-deoxyribonucleo... backbone chains; the possibility of rotation around backbone bonds in the ""random"" single-stranded form; and the short- and long-range interactions in idealized and real chains. This chapter also looks into the thermodynamic and polyelectrolyte aspects of nucleic acid behavior. A chapter describes the special features of the third class of DNA, namely, closed duplex DNA, in which covalent chain scissions are absent. The last chapter examines the intrinsic properties and the interaction of the dimers and oligomers, with special emphasis on the influence of the phosphodiester linkages on the conformation and interaction of these short segments of nucleic acids. This book is of great value to workers in biomedical research and to higher level biochemistry instructors.

  • The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes V4

    • 1 Edición
    • K Venkataraman
    • Inglés
    The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes, Volume IV is a critical assessment of patent literature and scientific journals on the synthesis and applications of synthetic dyes. This volume is composed of seven chapters, and begins with a discussion on the application of dyes in textile fibers and printing, as well as in dyeing industry. A chapter provides a general description of dyeing, other properties, and applications of basic dyes. These topics are followed by a survey of the classification and potential application of cationic dyes. Another chapter focuses on the synthesis and reaction mechanisms of cyanine dyes. The final chapters look into the principles and chemistry of the formation of images by oxidative coupling. These chapters also examine the general laws governing the photochemical processes of dyes and of other organic compounds; the photochemical reactions of dyes in solution; the light-fading of dyed textiles and other dyes substrates; and the effect of spectral sensitization and special photo-reactions of dyes. This book will prove useful to organic chemists and technologists who are concerned with the synthesis of dyes and their applications.

  • Chemistry Of Marine Natural Products

    • 1 Edición
    • Poul Schever
    • Inglés
    Chemistry of Marine Natural Products explores the marine environment and its chemical composition. This book discusses the factors that contribute to the increasing interest in the study of marine environment. Organized into five chapters, this text starts with a discussion on the organic compound isoprenoids. This book then examines the sterol composition in several species, including crustaceans, echinoderms, mollusks, and invertebrates. This text also discusses phenols and its derivatives, including bromophenols and dibrophenol. Amino acids, carbohydrates, and polymers are also presented in this book. Other chapters explain the secondary metabolites, particularly amino acids and simple amines. This book further discusses the chemistry of fatty acids and determines whether marine animals and plants elaborate any distinct fatty acids. The final chapter explores the biogenetic relationship of hydrocarbons to fatty acids. This book is intended for chemists with an interest in the marine environment. Oceanographers, marine biologists, marine scientists, pharmacologists, researchers, teachers, and students will find this book extremely useful.

  • Base-Catalyzed Reactions of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds

    • 1 Edición
    • Herman Pines
    • Inglés
    Base-Catalyzed Reactions of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds focuses on the use of bases as catalysts for the conversion of hydrocarbons and related compounds. In order to emphasize the broad scope of base-catalyzed reactions, examples dealing with the conversion of non-hydrocarbons are given. Comprised of 14 chapters, this book begins with a historical overview of base-catalyzed conversions of hydrocarbons, followed by a discussion on the isomerization of olefins, acetylenes, and allenes, as well as the dimerization and oligomerization of hydrocarbons. The reader is then introduced to a variety of reactions, including those between aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins and between alkylpyridines and alkenylpyridines; homogeneous carbon-carbon addition reactions; and reactions of aprotic solvents with olefins. Subsequent chapters explore carbon-carbon addition of olefins with miscellaneous compounds; addition of ammonia, amines, and anilines to olefinic hydrocarbons; hydrogenation and oxygenation; dehydrogenation, aromatization, and hydrogen transfer; and dehydration of alcohols. This monograph will be of interest to chemists.

  • Crystal Chemistry and Semiconduction in Transition Metal Binary Compounds

    • 1 Edición
    • J Suchet
    • Inglés
    Crystal Chemistry and Semiconduction in Transition Metal Binary Compounds provides information pertinent to semiconductor materials. This book discusses the different semiconduction mechanisms in special compounds, including rare earth compounds or transition metals, vitreous or liquid substances, and organic semiconductors. Organized into three parts encompassing 11 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the basic principles of chemistry, such as the periodic table and the structure of the atom. This text then discusses the substances in which atomic magnetic moment exists, and whose transport properties are not typically metallic. Other chapters examine the experimental work on the electrical conductibility of compounds of transition metals, actinides, or rare earths. This book discusses as well the theoretical concepts necessary for the construction of approximate models to estimate the properties of compounds. The final chapter deals with the modulation of visible or infrared light, which is the only application of magneto- and electro-optical effects. This book is a valuable resource for research scientists, engineers, and teachers.

  • Survey of Progress in Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 9
    • Arthur Scott
    • Inglés
    Survey of Progress in Chemistry, Volume 9 provides information pertinent to the essential developments in chemistry. This book discusses the several topics related to chemistry, including organic anions, intercalation compounds, water decomposition, and heterocyclic compounds. Organized into four chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the success of two-phase methods, which is illustrated by their general applicability as well as by their simplicity and effectiveness. This text then examines the main characteristic of two-phase methods wherein the reactants are located in two, mutually insoluble phases, an aqueous, and a nonpolar organic phase. Other chapters consider several main variants and terms describing the application of the approach to problems of organic synthesis. This book discusses as well the criteria for the choice of a catalyst in two-phase reactions. The final chapter deals with the major alkaloid structural types derived from plant sources. This book is a valuable resource for organic chemists.

  • Active Nitrogen

    • 1 Edición
    • A. Nelson Wright
    • Inglés
    Active Nitrogen focuses on the experimental and theoretical investigations on active nitrogen. Divided into five chapters, the book starts by giving an introduction to the discovery of active nitrogen, the energy content, and the methods by which this may be produced. The succeeding part deals with light emissions from active nitrogen system. This discussion includes molecular spectrum of nitrogen, emission from atomic energy and condensed active nitrogen, emission from molecular species with electronic energy levels below and above 9.76 eV, and light-emitting systems of active nitrogen. The next part focuses on theories on active nitrogen. The theories discussed are long-lived Lewis-Rayleigh afterglow and short-lived, energetic afterglows. Numerical representations are provided to test the validity of the theories. Lastly, the discussions end with chemical reactions of active nitrogen. Topics contained in this part are text on recombination of N(4S) atoms; rate constants for reactions presumably induced by direct N(4S) attack; reactions caused by excited nitrogen molecular attack; and mechanism for reactions of active nitrogen that seem to influence direct N(4S) attack. The book is a valuable source of information for readers interested in the research on active nitrogen.

  • Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties

    • 1 Edición
    • Ian Smallwood
    • Inglés
    The properties of 72 of the most commonly used solvents are given, tabulated in the most convenient way, making this book a joy for industrial chemists to use as a desk reference. The properties covered are those which answer the basic questions of: Will it do the job? Will it harm the user? Will it pollute the air? Is it easy to handle? Will it pollute the water? Can it be recovered or incinerated? These are all factors that need to be considered at the early stages of choosing a solvent for a new product or process.

  • Halogen Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Viktor Gutmann
    • Inglés
    Halogen Chemistry, Volume 3 focuses on advancement in the study of halogens. Composed of contributions of authors, the book focuses on discussions on halides that contain multicentred metal-metal bonds. The discussions are initialized with an introduction; identification of factors that influence metal-metal bond formation; and compounds that contain multi-centred metal-metal bonds. The text also looks at the nature of metal-halogen bonds and the metal-halogen vibrational frequencies. Numerical representations and tabulations are presented as well. The book also looks at the halides of niobium and tantalum. Concerns include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine compounds. The compilation further considers pentahalides of transition metals and halide chemistry of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. The book closes with discussions on halogen chemistry of actinides and halogeno metal carbonyls and related compounds. Covered areas include trivalent, tetravalent, pentavalent, and hexavalent actinides, and structures and reactions of halogeno metal carbonyls. The compilation is a valuable source of information for readers interested in the study of halogens.

  • Solvent Effects on Chemical Phenomena

    • 1 Edición
    • Edward Amis
    • Inglés
    Solvent Effects on Chemical Phenomena, Volume I discusses the developments in the understanding of solvent effects on chemical phenomena in solution. This five-chapter volume begins with a discussion on the general concepts of various solvation types, including positive and negative, inner and outer sphere, and mixed component. The subsequent chapter deals with the determination of the actual solvation number for single ions. A short list of the total effective hydration numbers of electrolytes determined from temperature dependence of proton shifts is also provided in this chapter. Another chapter presents a number of examples of the unusual properties of certain mixed aqueous systems. The solvent effects on reaction rates and mechanisms are highlighted in the concluding chapter. This chapter also covers various types of solvents, such as protic and dipolar aprotic. The enthalpy and entropy of activation in salvation and the Finkelstein reactions are also discussed. Research chemists and scientists, teachers, and students with courses in solution chemistry will greatly benefit from this volume.

  • Cyclobutadiene and Related Compounds

    • 1 Edición
    • M.P. Cava
    • Inglés
    Cyclobutadiene and Related Compounds describes the four-membered carbocyclic compounds that have only trigonally hybridized carbon atoms in the ring. The book discusses the chemistry of cyclobutadiene and the substituted cyclobutadienes, including the preparation of cyclobutadiene-metal complexes that can be done in four ways. These are (1) by reaction of acetylenes with transition metal compounds, (2) from cyclobutenyl metal complexes, (3) by transformation of other cyclobutadiene-metal complexes, and (4) by trapping cyclobutadienes with transitional metal compounds. The text also describes cyclobutadiene dianion, the chemistry of the cyclobutadienequinon... the condensed methylenecyclobutene aromatic systems, and the higher aromatic analogs of benzocyclobutadiene. The book cites proofs of the structure of biphenylene using chemical and physical methods. The text also presents theoretical aspects of the cyclobutadiene problem including studies regarding the ?-electronic state of cyclobutadiene; the comparisons of some of these studies; the framework energies and Janh-Teller considerations; and the substituted cyclobutadienes, cyclobutadiene divalent ions, and metal complexes. This book is suitable for scientists and researchers working in the field of organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and molecular physics.

  • Electronic Absorption Spectra and Geometry of Organic Molecules

    An Application of Molecular Orbital Theory
    • 1 Edición
    • Hiroshi Suzuki
    • Inglés
    Electronic Absorption Spectra and Geometry of Organic Molecules: An Application of Molecular Orbital Theory focuses on electronic absorption spectra of organic compounds and molecules. The book begins with the discussions on molecular spectra, electronic absorption spectra of organic compounds, and practical measures of absorption intensity. The text also focuses on molecular orbital theory and group theory. Molecular state functions; fundamental postulates of quantum theory; representation of symmetry groups; and symmetry operations and symmetry groups are described. The book also discusses shape of absorption bands and geometry of excited electronic states; effect of environment on electronic absorption spectra; and the application of simple LCAO MO method to simple π systems. An evaluation of the parameters used in simple LCAO MO method is presented. The text notes the usefulness and restrictions of simple LCAO MO method in the interpretation of electronic absorption spectra. The correlation between results of simple MO calculation and spectral data in aromatic hydrocarbons, and correlation between results of simple MO calculation and spectral data in conjugated linear polyenes are discussed. The book also looks at MO methods and the relations between electronic absorption spectra and geometry of molecules, biphenyl, styrene, and related compounds. The text is a good source of data for researchers and chemistry students who want to study electronic absorption spectra.

  • The Organic Chemistry Of iron Pt 2

    • 1 Edición
    • Ernst A. Koerner Von Gustorf
    • Inglés
    The Organic Chemistry of Iron, Volume 2 covers a series of selected topics in organo-iron chemistry, including complexes with poly-olefins, arenes, and sulfur-containing ligands, as well as an account of iron-metal bonds. The book discusses the iron complexes of trienes, tetraenes, and polyenes; the arene complexes; the compounds with iron-metal bonds and clusters; and the complexes with sulfur-containing ligands.

  • The Exciplex

    • 1 Edición
    • Michael Gordon
    • Inglés
    The Exciplex contains the proceedings of the International Exciplex Conference held at the University of Western Ontario, on May 28-31, 1974. The papers explore various aspects of exciplex behavior and cover topics ranging from singlet- and triplet-state exciplexes to the photophysics of aromatic excimers. Electron-transfer reactions in multicomponent systems are also considered, along with intramolecular triplet-state charge-transfer interactions in aminoketones. Comprised of 15 chapters, this book opens with an overview of the photochemistry of excimers and exciplexes, followed by a discussion on singlet- and triplet-state exciplexes and the photophysics of aromatic excimers. Experimental results on intersystem crossing and ionic recombination processes are then presented, and electronic structures as well as dynamical behavior of some exciplex systems are described. The next chapters focus on excimers of hydrogen and acetone; complexes of dipolar excited states and small polar molecules; electron transfer and exciplex formation from triplet states of anthracene and metalloporphyrins; and exciplexes in electrogenerated chemiluminescence. The final chapter is devoted to intramolecular triplet-state charge-transfer interactions in aminoketones. This monograph will be of interest to chemists and physicists.

  • Hückel Molecular Orbital Theory

    • 1 Edición
    • Keith Yates
    • Inglés
    Huckel Molecular Orbital Theory aims to be a simple, descriptive, and non-mathematical introduction to the Huckel molecular orbital theory and its applications in organic chemistry, thus the more basic text found in the book. The book, after an introduction to related concepts such as quantum mechanics and chemical bonding, discusses the Huckel molecular orbital theory and its basic assumptions; the variation principle and the basic Huckel method; and the use of symmetry properties in simplifying Huckel method orbital calculations. The book also covers other related topics such as the extensions and improvements of the simple Huckel method; the quantitative significance Huckel molecular orbital results; and the principle of conservation of orbital symmetry. The text is recommended for undergraduate students of organic chemistry who wish to be acquainted with the basics of the Huckel molecular orbital theory.

  • Energy Transfer Parameters of Aromatic Compounds

    • 1 Edición
    • Isadore Berlman
    • Inglés
    Energy Transfer Parameters of Aromatic Compounds focuses on the mechanisms underlying intramolecular and intermolecular electronic energy transfer in aromatic compounds, with emphasis on dipole-dipole interactions. The compounds covered range from benzene and toluene to phenyl ether, aniline, phenol, styrene, indole, and dibenzofuran. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with an overview of the transfer of electronic energy in reactions in radiation, photochemistry, physics, and biology. A short historical sketch is also provided to give the reader a proper perspective of some of the concepts. Material diffusion or collisional transfer, energy migration, and solvent and host effects are explained, along with phenomenological processes such as singlet-singlet transfer and sensitized fluorescence. The discussion then turns to intermolecular and intramolecular electronic energy transfer, paying particular attention to radiation and radiationless transfer, conjugated and nonconjugated chromophores, and rare-earth chelates. Studies related to electronic energy transfer are also presented. The final chapter includes tables listing compounds in their numbered sequence. The spectroscopic data are taken on solutes that are soluble in cyclohexane. This monograph will be of interest to organic chemists and physicists.

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