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Elsevier

Libros en Química

  • Kinetics Of Gas Reaction VIB

    • 1 Edición
    • Willhelm Jost
    • Inglés
    Physical Chemistry: An Advanced Treatise: Kinetics of Gas Reactions, Volume VIB, is devoted to gas phase chemical reactions. The purpose of this treatise is to present a comprehensive treatment of physical chemistry for advanced students and investigators in a reasonably small number of volumes. An attempt has been made to include all important topics in physical chemistry together with borderline subjects which are of particular interest and importance. The book contains six chapters and begins with a study on the elastic and inelastic scattering of ions on molecules, including such topics as rainbow scattering, reactive scattering, and experimental procedures and results of high-resolution measurements. This is followed by separate chapters on collision processes and the theory of elastic scattering; and atom reactions, with a discussion of experimental techniques (static, flow, and pulse methods), among the selected examples being the reactions of H, O, C, and N atoms with alkanes, alkenes, acetylene, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds. Subsequent chapters deal with experimental methods and results obtained by several techniques of relaxation methods in gases; thermal unimolecular reactions; and the interactions between chemical reactions, transport processes, and flow phenomena.

  • Alkali Halide Vapors

    Structure, Spectra, and Reaction Dynamic
    • 1 Edición
    • P. Davidovits
    • Inglés
    Alkali Halide Vapors: Structure, Spectra, and Reaction Dynamics highlights the various studies done in the subject area of alkali halide chemistry. These studies have resulted to providing many relevant insights and paving the way for the study of more complex chemical systems. This book ultimately reviews and summarizes the said studies. This text is divided into two categories: structural and spectral properties of the alkali halide molecules and dynamics of various alkali atom-halogen reactions. The first category is discussed in Chapters 1, 3-5, and 15, while the second category is presented in Chapters 6-14. Chapter 2 however belongs to neither of the said categories as it describes the techniques and considerations related to alkali halogen experiments. Numerous quantitative data in table format are presented all of the discussions in this book. An index of these tables has been compiled and can be found in the last part of the book. This book will be a valuable material to students, scientists, and researchers in the scientific field of chemistry, physics, and applied science.

  • Polypropylene and other Polyolefins

    Polymerization and Characterization
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 7
    • S. van der Ven
    • Inglés
    This book deals with polyolefins prepared via Ziegler-Natta catalysis, from a polymer chemist's viewpoint, i.e. with emphasis on their preparation and on their basic composition and properties. In addition to chapters on catalysts, polymerization behaviour and polymer properties such as tacticity, crystallinity, morphology etc., a chapter is also devoted to characterization methods. The main part of this work is reserved for polypropylene in all its forms, namely, homopolymer, random copolymer and toughened (`block') copolymers, for which extensive own-experience was present. The other polyolefins are also covered by means of a thorough literature review.This book is intended for scientists active in the field of polyolefins, including catalyst development, but should also prove an invaluable medium in academia to illustrate the growth of understanding in catalysis, kinetics and characterization of a commercially very important class of polymers.

  • Atmospheric Oxidation and Antioxidants

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen I
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • Inglés
    Volume I reviews current understanding of autoxidation, largely on the basis of the reactions of oxygen with characterised chemicals. From this flows the modern mechanism of antioxidant actions and their application in stabilisation technology.

  • Research in Chemical Kinetics

    • 1 Edición
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • Inglés
    Research in Chemical Kinetics, Volume 1 focuses on authoritative review articles on a wide range of developing topics in the kinetics of gaseous and condensed phases. The selection first elaborates on gas-phase kinetics of free radicals studied by pulse radiolysis combined with time-resolved infrared diode laser spectroscopy and solid/liquid reactions of environmental significance. Discussions focus on coprecipitation of phosphate with calcite, reactions of silica and quartz, infrared spectroscopy of free radicals, and kinetics of methyl radicals. The book then examines the collision energy dependence of reaction cross sections and photoelectrochemical dynamics, including organometallic photoelectrochemistr... and photofragmentation voltammetry, contrasting reactivity of ion radical excited states, photoelectrochemical reaction mechanisms, and experimental methods. The publication tackles collisional electronic energy transfer in CN free radicals, photo-ion imaging techniques and future directions in reactive scattering, and photoelectrochemical dynamics. Topics include photoelectrochemical reaction mechanisms, photoelectrochemical measurement of quantum yields, photofragment translational spectroscopy, and velocity distributions. The selection is a valuable reference for researchers interested in the kinetics of gaseous and condensed phases.

  • Molecular Conformation and Dynamics of Macromolecules in Condensed Systems

    A Collection of Contributions Based on Lectures Presented at the 1st Toyota Conference, Inuyama City, Japan, 28 September - 1 October 1987
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 2
    • M. Nagasawa
    • Inglés
    Macromolecular materials possess some remarkable features arising from the fact that their molecules are made up of more or less flexible chains which can have various conformations. The study of molecular conformations and dynamics of macromolecules is important in polymer science and technology from both basic and practical viewpoints. In practice, these studies have concentrated on dilute solutions but more recently there has been a clear trend towards studying molecular properties in condensed systems in order to understand the entire macromolecular system based on a unified concept.Based on lectures presented by an internationally recognized group of polymer scientists at a meeting held in Japan in October 1987 (plus two additional contributions), this volume summarises present knowledge of molecular conformations and dynamics of macromolecules from dilute solutions to various condensed systems. The book is not a random collection of papers of the usual conference proceedings type. Authors prepared their contributions in line with an overall plan for the work, were able to discuss the content with colleagues at the meeting, and finalised their text after the conference. It is thus a comprehensive, integrated overview of the field. Current developments in both theory and experiment are discussed in a well-balanced way. The behaviour of macromolecules at phase transition and interface is discussed in relation to their behaviour in bulk systems.The book offers a particularly up-to-date and authoritative picture of the current state of the art, and will be of interest to all research and professional workers concerned with polymer science in universities, industry, and government institutions.

  • Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Hydrogen

    • 1 Edición
    • Oleg N. Chupakhin + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Nucleophilic aromatic substitution in carbo- and heteroaromatic systems is a subject of considerable interest to chemists. This book uniquely addresses the systematic analysis of a vast range of nucleophilic substitutions of aromatic hydrogen.

  • The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents VA

    Principles and Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • J.J. Lagowski
    • Inglés
    The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents, Volume V-A: Principles and Basic Solvents provides the theoretical aspects of nonaqueous solution chemistry independent of solvent and information on individual solvent systems. This volume contains chapters on solvation and complex formation in protic and aprotic solvents; solvent basicity; ion-selective electrodes in nonaqueous solvents; nonaqueous solvents in organic electroanalytical chemistry; and anhydrous hydrazine and water-hydrazine mixtures. Chemists, researchers, and students of chemistry and chemical engineering will find the book a good reference material.

  • Material Concepts in Surface Reactivity and Catalysis

    • 1 Edición
    • Henry Wise
    • Inglés
    Material Concepts in Surface Reactivity and Catalysis focuses on the physical and chemical properties of the surface in a reacting system, identifying surface properties that influence interfacial reactions in metal and nonmetal systems. This book discusses the bulk and surface imperfections, surface energy of multicomponent systems, adsorption isotherms and isosteres, and Lennard-Jones potential curves. The adsorbate-induced surface reconstruction, metal-support reactions, defect thermodynamics, and defect metal oxides with crystallographic shear structures are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the metal oxide catalysis, component segregation at grain boundaries, diffusion-controlled metal oxidation, and kinetics of metal deposition. This publication is useful to students in materials science, solid-state chemistry, and catalysis, as well as specialists engaged in research.

  • Transition metal Organometallics In Organic Synthesis

    • 2 Edición
    • Howard Alper
    • Inglés
    Transition Metal Organometallics in Organic Synthesis: Volume I reviews the literature in the field of organic synthesis with a focus on the most effective synthetic transformations. The text covers topics such as the general considerations in organic synthesis, C-C and C-X bond formations, and the isomerization and reorganization reactions of olefins. Also covered are topics such as displacement reactions with transition metal complexes, electrophilic reactions of organopalladium complexes, carbonylation reactions, and metal-carbene complexes — its structure, spectra, bonding, and direct synthesis. The book is recommended as a reference for chemists and inorganic chemists who would like to learn the applications of organometallic complexes as reagents and catalysts.

  • Stereochemistry of Organometallic and Inorganic Compounds

    • 1 Edición
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • Inglés
    The authors of this fourth volume in the series have reviewed the making and breaking of chemical bonds in a sophisticated manner. In particular, new pressures brought about by environmental concerns, larger demands for the medical and pharmaceutical sectors and economics of the market place are forcing us into demanding greater stereochemical control and better product yields for chemical reactions capable of producing useful products. The chapters are written by leading experts in this area and give excellent overviews of the strengths and weaknesses of the various methodologies.In Chapter 1 newer discoveries in such tried and true methods of C-C bond formation as alkylations and aldol reactions of metal enolates are reviewed. The author of Chapter 2 discusses the ability of ab-initio methods to justify the results of empirical observations in the field of transition metal derivatives of small molecules such as N2, CO2 and similar small molecules. Having established the strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches to such theoretical calculations, a more interesting approach to these methods is pursued, namely, their ability to predict, in those areas in which they are particularly strong and reliable, chemical and stereochemical events and/or results in advance of experiments, later carried out in the laboratory. Finally, Chapter 3 reviews the stereochemical results of electron transfer reactions in mononuclear copper compounds.

  • Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods V4

    • 1 Edición
    • F.C. Nachod
    • Inglés
    Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods, Volume 4 is a seven-chapter text that discusses the refinements of some established physical methods for organic structure determination. Each chapter of this book examines specific physical method, including high-field and pulsed NMR, nuclear magnetic double resonance spectroscopy, and 15N, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. The historical developments, principles, instrumentation, and applications to organic chemistry of these methods are discussed. This work will be of value to organic and analytical chemists and researchers.

  • Theoretical Chemistry Advances and Perspectives V2

    • 1 Edición
    • Henry Eyring
    • Inglés
    Theoretical Chemistry: Advances and Perspectives, Volume 2 covers all aspects of theoretical chemistry. This book reviews the techniques that have been proven successful in the study of interatomic potentials in order to describe the interactions between complex molecules. The ground state properties of the interacting electron gas when a magnetic field is present are also elaborated, followed by a discussion on the Gellman-Brueckner-Ma... theory of the correlation energy that has applications in atomic and molecular systems. This volume considers the instability of the Hartree-Fock ground state in a magnetic field and very high magnetic fields that are pertinent to the structure of matter in collapsed stellar objects. The electron-hole plasma in certain highly-doped semiconductors and many-electron correlation problem are likewise included. This publication is a good reference for students and researchers conducting work on the mathematical description of chemistry.

  • Preparative Chemistry Using Supported Reagents

    • 1 Edición
    • Pierre Laszlo
    • Inglés
    Preparative Chemistry Using Supported Reagents explains a certain dimension in the methodology of organic reactions. This book discusses the physical methods for study that characterizes surfaces and their adsorbates and chemical reactivity at interfaces. The polymer-supported reagents, shape-selectivity within zeolites, and graphite intercalates are also described. Other topics include the metal oxides and their physico-chemical properties in catalysis and synthesis; photochemistry of adsorbed molecules; and magnetic spin resonance methods and applications to oxide surfaces. The physico-chemical characterization of supported reagents; polymer-supported oxidations; and alumina and alumina-supported reagents are likewise deliberated. This text also covers the novel aluminophosphate-bas... molecular sieves, clay-activated isomerization reactions, anionic activation, and cationic reactions. This publication is beneficial to chemists and researchers conducting work on supported reagents.

  • Polymer-Polymer Miscibility

    • 1 Edición
    • Olagoke Olabis
    • Inglés
    Polymer–Polymer Miscibility discusses miscibility of polymeric mixtures. This book explains the theoretical and practical aspects of polymer miscibility, which has become a considerable area of research in many academic and industrial laboratories. Comprised of seven chapters, this book starts with an overview of the physical nature of the variations of the basic polymer structure. This monograph then discusses the two cases of miscible polymer blends, namely, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)–butadiene/acry... copolymer (NBR) and polystyrene–poly(2,6... oxide) (PPO) blends. This text explores the useful and unique properties of blends of poly(vinyl chloride) and butadiene/acrylonitr... copolymer rubber. Other chapters discuss the thermodynamic theories for the phase separation of block copolymers. The reader is also introduced to other variations of chemical structure, which can result in the permanent attachment of polymers to each other through block and graft copolymers. This text also explores the feasibility of covalent bonding of polymer components. This book is intended for chemical engineers and materials scientists.

  • Intra-and Intermolecular Interactions, Radiation Effects in DNA Cells, and Repair Mechanisms

    • 1 Edición
    • J Duchesne
    • Inglés
    Physico-chemical Properties of Nucleic Acids, Volume III revolves around three major concepts, which are intra- and intermolecular interactions, radiation effects in DNA cells, and repair mechanisms. This volume also presents the stage of specific biological functions and how repair mechanisms relate to the problem of evolution. Comprised of six chapters, this volume begins with the concept of renaturation of polynucleotides. Interactions in nucleic acids and nucleotides are discussed in several chapters. Other topics covered in this volume include polymer and salt-induced condensation of DNA and strand-breaks in the DNA of mammalian cells. The last chapter explores the stability and evolution of DNA in terms of molecular radiobiology. This chapter also presents and reviews some evolutionary problems, specifically the prebiotic evolution. The elements of stabilization and variability of genetic information are also discussed in the last chapter. As with the other volumes, this volume is a valuable reference for students and researchers in the fields of chemistry, biology, molecular biology, microbiology, and biophysics.

  • Principles of Chemical Kinetics

    • 1 Edición
    • Gorden Hammes
    • Inglés
    Principles of Chemical Kinetics is devoted to the principles and applications of chemical kinetics. The phenomenology and commonly used theories of chemical kinetics are presented in a critical manner, with particular emphasis on collision dynamics. How and what mechanistic information can be obtained from various experimental approaches is stressed throughout this book. Comprised of nine chapters, this text opens with an overview of reaction rates and their empirical analysis, along with theories of chemical kinetics. The following chapters consider reactions and unimolecular decompositions in the gas phase; chemical reactions in molecular beams; and energy transfer and partitioning in chemical reactions. Kinetics in liquid solutions and fast reactions in liquids are also described. The final chapter looks at the kinetics of enzymes, with particular reference to steady state and transient state kinetics, the pH and temperature dependence of kinetic parameters, and the mechanism underlying enzymatic action. This monograph is intended for students with a general college background in chemistry, physics, and mathematics, and with a typical undergraduate course in physical chemistry.

  • Quantum Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • John Lowe
    • Inglés
    Quantum Chemistry covers the basic principles, methods, and results of quantum chemistry, providing insights on electron behavior. This book is organized into 14 chapters that focus on ground state molecular orbital theory. After briefly dealing with some of the concepts of classical physics, the book goes on describing some simple but important particle systems. It then examines several systems with discontinuous potential energies, such as the simple harmonic oscillator and the hydrogen-like ion system. A chapter presents a set of postulates and theorems that form the formal foundation of quantum mechanics. Considerable chapters are devoted to various quantum chemical methods, as well as their basic features and application to molecular orbital evaluation. These methods include Huckel molecular orbital, variation, linear variation, extended Huckel, and SCF-LCAO-MO. The concluding chapters deal with the development of theories for molecular orbital, including time-independent Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation, group, and qualitative molecular orbital theories. Supplemental texts of the more complicated derivations or proofs and problems encountered in quantum chemistry are also provided. This book is an introductory text intended for organic, inorganic, and physical chemists, as well as for graduate and undergraduate students.

  • Homogeneous Nucleation Theory

    The Pretransition Theory of Vapor Condensation
    • 1 Edición
    • Farid Abraham
    • Inglés
    Homogeneous Nucleation Theory: The Pretransition Theory of Vapor Condensation discusses the influence of classical thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and multistate kinetics on the homogeneous nucleation theory. This book is organized into 10 chapters and begins with a simple model calculation that yields an important insight into the major physical features governing supersaturated vapor condensation. The following chapters explore the development of the theory of equilibrium thermodynamics pertinent to the study of a nucleation phenomena and a postulatory formulation of statistical mechanics and its relation to the calculation of the thermodynamic potentials. The discussion then shifts to a statistical thermodynamics description of an imperfect gas assuming the droplet model of Band-Bijl-Frenkel and to the development of the multistate kinetics of cluster formation. The book also explores the development of the classical Einstein theory for crystalline solids and generalizes this theory for its applications to planar surfaces of microcrystalline clusters. It also presents a comparison of the exact free energies for the microcrystallites with the predictions of the droplet model using the capillarity approximation. Three distinct approaches for calculating the thermodynamic properties of physical clusters are covered in the concluding chapters.

  • Ultraviolet Photoelectron and Photoion Spectroscopy, Auger Electron Spectroscopy, Plasma Excitation in Spectrochemical Analysis

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 9
    • G. Svehla
    • Inglés

  • Carbohydrate Chemistry

    Monosaccharides and Their Oligomers
    • 1 Edición
    • Hassan El Khadem
    • Inglés
    Carbohydrate Chemistry: Monosaccharides and Their Oligomers is a textbook designed to fill the gap between large, multivolume reference books and elementary books. The contents of the book are divided into two major parts, monomeric carbohydrates and oligosaccharides, with an introductory chapter discussing the historical background and significance of carbohydrates. The chapters under Part I: Monosaccharides deal with its chemistry, specifically the determination of the structure, configuration, and conformation. Other topics covered in this part are the discussion on the elucidation, proper nomenclature of carbohydrates, structure elucidation, and the reactions of monosaccharides. Part II deals with oligosaccharides and oligonucleotides. Some of the topics discussed in this part include structure elucidation, wet chemical methods, and chemical synthesis and modification. This book will be of great use to graduate and undergraduate students in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, medicine, and pharmacy.

  • The Theory of Kinetics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 2
    • R.G. Compton + 2 más
    • Inglés
    The Theory of Kinetics covers the practice and theory of kinetics and the kinetics of inorganic and organic reactions in gaseous and condensed phases and at interfaces. This text is composed of five chapters and starts with a review of the kinetic characterization of complex reaction systems. The succeeding chapter describes the formal and radical kinetics, as well as the energy factor in chain reactions. These topics are followed by a survey of the theory of the kinetics of elementary gas phase reactions and the unimolecular reaction of activated chemical species. The discussion then shifts to the general properties, reactions, and the theory of elementary reactions in solution. The last chapter examines the theory of kinetics of solid-state reactions. This book is of great value to physical, inorganic, and organic chemists.

  • Nonstoichiometric Oxides

    • 1 Edición
    • O.T. Soerensen
    • Inglés
    Nonstoichiometric Oxides discusses the thermodynamic and structural studies of nonstoichiometric oxides. This eight-chapter text also covers the defect-defect interactions in these compounds. The introductory chapters describe the thermodynamic properties of nonstoichiometric oxides in terms of defect complexes using the classical thermodynamic principles and from a statistical thermodynamics point of view. These chapters also include statistical thermodynamic models that indicate the ordered nonstoichiometric phase range in these oxides. The subsequent chapters examine the transport properties, such as diffusion and electrical conductivity. Diffusion theories and experimental diffusion coefficients for several systems, as well as the electrical properties of the highly defective ionic and mixed oxide conductor, are specifically tackled in these chapters. The concluding chapters present the pertinent results obtained in nonstoichiometric oxide structural studies using high-resolution electron microscopy and X-ray and neutron diffraction. Inorganic chemists and inorganic chemistry teachers and students will greatly appreciate this book.

  • Physical Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry V6

    • 1 Edición
    • A Katritzky
    • Inglés
    Physical Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Volume VI discusses several topics including bond energies, electron-spin resonance, microwave spectroscopy, and photoelectron spectroscopy. This book explores the thermochemical applications to heterocyclic chemistry. Comprised of five chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the technique of photoelectron spectroscopy. This text then illustrates the various potentialities of photoelectron spectroscopy by discussing four examples taken from the field of heterocyclic compounds. Other chapters determine the magnitudes as well as the lines of action of electric dipole moments in the molecular framework. This book discusses as well the emission of light by individual molecules in solution, particularly heterocyclic molecules, which are electronically excited as a result of the absorption of visible or ultraviolet light. The final chapter deals with the aspects of heats of combustion, heats of hydrogenation, heats of formation, and bond energies. Heterocyclic chemists, chemists, biochemists, molecular biologists, and researchers will find this book extremely useful.

  • Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals V1

    • 1 Edición
    • D.S. Chemla
    • Inglés
    Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Volume 1 discusses the nonlinear optical effects in organic molecules and crystals, providing a classical distinction between quadratic and cubic processes. This book begins with a general overview of the basic properties of organic matter, followed by a review on the benefits derived from quantum-chemistry-ba... models and growth and characterization of high quality, bulk organic crystals and waveguided structures. A case study focusing on a specific material, namely urea, which exemplifies a situation in which transparency in the UV region has been purposely traded for nonlinear efficiency is also deliberated. This text concludes with a description of a type of trade-off between the unpredictable orientation of molecules in crystalline media, polarity of liquid-crystalline structures, and dominant electronic contribution to the electro-optic effect. This publication is beneficial to solid-state physicists and chemists concerned with nonlinear optical properties of organic molecules and crystals.

  • Introduction to Molecular Energy Transfer

    • 1 Edición
    • James Yardley
    • Inglés
    Introduction to Molecular Energy Transfer intends to provide an elementary introduction to the subject of molecular energy transfer and relaxation. The book covers the foundation of molecular energy transfer such as quantum mechanics; the vibrational state of molecules; and vibrational energy transfer and the experimental methods for its study. Coverage also includes the different kinds of energy transfer in gases; vibrational relaxation in condensed phases; electronic states and interactions; electronic energy as a result of intermolecular interaction; radiationless electronic transition; and rotational energy transfer. The text is recommended for students, graduates, and researchers in the fields of physics and chemistry, especially those who would like to know more about molecular energy transfer.

  • Polymer Stress Reactions

    • 1 Edición
    • Antonio Casale
    • Inglés
    Polymer Stress Reactions, Volume 1: Introduction focuses on the interrelationship between polymer mechanochemistry and the stress-induced polymer reactions. This book discusses each nominal polymer state and describes the parameters and variables that are germane to the mechanically induced reactions in that state. The polymer degradation variables that are generally applicable to mechanochemistry, such as temperature and shear intensity, are also considered. This book consists of five chapters and begins with an overview of mechanochemistry and stress-induced polymer reactions, with particular reference to the distinction between mechanochemical reactions and other modes of reaction. The general regions of viscoelastic behavior for amorphous polymers where mechanochemistry may be conducted are also described. The next chapter explores the mechanisms underlying the modes of reaction in mechanochemistry, focusing on the effects of shear and applied stress as well as how bonds rupture. The discussion then turns to the influence of the principal variables in polymer mechanochemistry; characterization methods for evaluating the fundamentals of mechanochemistry; and methods for the synthesis of block and graft copolymers. This book is a valuable material for those interested in mechanochemistry in general and in polymer stress reactions in particular.

  • Preparative Methods in Solid State Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Paul Hagenmuller
    • Inglés
    Preparative Methods in Solid State Chemistry deals with the preparative methods used in solid state chemistry and highlights the importance of the chemist's role in preparing materials of desired quality as well as obtaining materials according to the requirements of the user such as the physicist. Topics covered range from high-pressure techniques in preparative chemistry to methods of growing single crystals of high-melting-point oxides. This book is comprised of 14 chapters and begins with an overview of possibilities for high-pressure synthesis, as well as the methods used to obtain high pressures, including transmission by gaseous or liquid fluids or in the solid state. The method of shock waves is then considered both from the point of view of thermodynamics and thermoelasticity, along with the possibility of using superpressures for evidently revolutionary applications. Subsequent chapters focus on the synthesis of single crystals of refractory oxides either at high temperatures (essentially liquid-solid transformations) or at lower temperatures in the presence of a solvent or a chemical reagent. The production of single crystals by electrolytic reduction in molten salts is also described. Numerous examples of vapor transport reactions in a temperature gradient are presented. This monograph should be of interest to chemists and students of solid state chemistry.

  • Oxidation in Organic Chemistry 5-C

    • 1 Edición
    • Walter Trahanovsky
    • Inglés
    Organic Chemistry, A Series of Monographs, Volume 5-C: Oxidation in Organic Chemistry covers the preparative use and the mechanistic aspects of the various oxidation reactions. This book contains five chapters that particularly consider oxidations that involve organoselenium intermediates. Chapter I describes the developments of selenium in organic chemistry, particularly the organoselenium reagents for performing selective oxidative transformations under unusually mild conditions. Chapter II deals with the problems encountered in oxygenation reactions carried out by several microorganisms, with an emphasis on a variety of fermentation techniques. Chapter III examines the oxidation of various organic peroxy acids and other peroxides, while Chapter IV discusses the oxidation with nitric acid or nitrogen oxides. Chapter V focuses on the properties of various oxidants and their application to hypohalite oxidation. This text will be of value to organic chemists, researchers, teachers, and students who are interested in oxidation of organic compounds.

  • Inorganic Species, Part 1

    • 1 Edición
    • Roger Minear
    • Inglés
    Inorganic Species, Part 1 separately considers the various inorganic and organic components that occur in water. While this separation is traditional, it does provide some distinct organizational advantages. This is important because of the wide-ranging audience likely to be using these works. Both practicing professionals and students in environmentally related disciplines will find these volumes to be a useful reference source. This book comprises six chapters, and begins with a focus on the origin and nature of selected inorganic constituents in natural waters. Succeeding chapters go on to discuss redox potential, which discusses its measurement and importance in water systems; alkalinity and acidity; conductance, which is defined here as a collective measure of dissolved ions; the theory and measurement of turbidity and residue; and, finally, a summary of methods for water-quality analysis of specific species. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of geology and environmental engineering.

  • Introduction to the Mathematics of Quasicrystals

    • 1 Edición
    • Marko V. Jaric
    • Inglés
    Introduction to the Mathematics of Quasicrystals provides a pedagogical introduction to mathematical concepts and results necessary for a quantitative description or analysis of quasicrystals. This book is organized into five chapters that cover the three mathematical areas most relevant to quasicrystals, namely, the theory of almost periodic functions, the theory of aperiodic tilings, and group theory. Chapter 1 describes the aspects of the theory of tiling in two- and three-dimensional space that are important for understanding some of the ways in which “classical” mathematical crystallography is being generalized; this process is to include possible models for aperiodic crystals. Chapter 2 examines the non-local nature of assembly “mistakes” that might have significance to the quasicrystals growth. This chapter also describes how closely a physical quasicrystal might be able to approximate a three-dimensional version of tilings. Chapter 3 discusses the theoretical background and concepts of group theory of icosahedral quasicrystals. Chapter 4 presents the local properties of the three-dimensional Penrose tilings and their global construction is described through the projection method. This chapter emphasizes the relationship between quasiperiodic sets of points and quasiperiodic tiling. Chapter 5 explores the analysis of defects in quasicrystals and their kinetics, as well as some properties of the perfect system. This book is of great value to physicists, crystallographers, metallurgists, and beginners in the field of quasicrystals.

  • High and Low Erucic Acid in Rapeseed Oils

    • 1 Edición
    • John K G Kramer
    • Inglés
    High and Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oils: Production, Usage, Chemistry, and Toxicological Evaluation covers a wide range of subjects related to rapeseed, that is, from plant breeding, industrial processing, to nutrition and biochemistry. Composed of 22 chapters, this book first discusses the origin and properties of Brassica oilseed crops. Subsequent chapters describe the world production and trade of rapeseed and its products, as well as the history and marketing of rapeseed oil in Canada. Other chapters elucidate the chemical composition of rapeseed oil; the introduction and consumption of low erucic acid rapeseed varieties in Canada; and the development of improved rapeseed cultivars. Results obtained with consumption of high and low erucic acid rapeseed oils to experimental animals are also shown. This work will be helpful as an introductory material to those who are not familiar with the production, use, and properties of rapeseed oil.

  • Boron Hydride Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Earl Muetterties
    • Inglés
    Boron Hydride Chemistry covers the significant contributions of boron hydride research in the subjects of bonding, structure, and stereochemistry. This book contains 12 chapters that illustrate the merging of certain areas of boron hydride chemistry with other disciplines, such as organic, organometallic, and transition metal chemistry. After providing an overview of the general geometric, stereochemical, and dynamic stereochemical features of boron hydrides, this book goes on exploring the bonding theory and theoretical research on boron hydrides, with an emphasis on boron hydrides that have open polyhedral structures. These topics are followed by discussions on gas phase and solution reactions of borane and substituted boranes. A chapter focuses on the chemistry of cations containing boron atoms bonded to hydrogen. The remaining chapters examine the syntheses, structures, bonding, spectral properties, and chemistry of specific boron hydrides, including borazines, closo-boron hydrides, carboranes, icosahedral carboranes, and close- and nido-heteroboranes. Inorganic chemists and researchers, teachers, and undergraduate inorganic chemistry students will find this book invaluable.

  • Nonaqueous Electrolytes Handbook

    • 1 Edición
    • G.J. Janz
    • Inglés
    Nonaqueous Electrolytes Handbook, Volume II, is an authoritative and updated information source for nonaqueous solvent systems. The information in this handbook covers literature to 1973 and includes data for some 310 solvent systems. This volume has been organized to include 11 well-defined areas: Solubilities of Electrolytes; EMF and Potentiometric Titrations; Vapor Pressures; Cryoscopy; Heats of Solution Calorimetry; Polarography; Ligand Exchange Rates and Electrode Reactions; Electrical Double Layer; Spectroscopy and Structure of Electrolytes; Organic Electrolyte Battery Systems; and Additional References and Data Sources. The section on polarography is divided further according to inorganic electrolytes, organic electrolytes, and organometallic compounds, in order to present the wealth of data in a concise and orderly manner. As in Volume I, the last section covers additional data sources, reviews, and data and references that were received too late to include in the earlier sections. The method of presentation of material is briefly described in the introduction to each section to facilitate the use of the tabulated information and bibliographies are given at the end of each section. A Compound Index is included.

  • Methods for Oxidation of Organic Compounds V1

    Alcohols, Alcohol Derivatives, Alky Halides, Nitroalkanes, Alkyl Azides, Carbonyl Compounds Hydroxyarenes and Aminoarenes
    • 1 Edición
    • Alan Haines
    • Inglés
    Methods for the Oxidation of Organic Compounds: Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, and Arenes is an account of the different methods used for the controlled oxidation of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and arenes. Most of the oxidative techniques considered are illustrated with detailed experimental procedures taken from the literature. This book is comprised of five chapters and begins with a discussion on alkanes, alkyl groups, and hydrocarbon residues. The formation of alkenes, alcohols, hydroperoxides, dialkyl peroxides, cyclic peroxides, ethers, and esters as well as aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids is described, together with the aromatization of cyclic systems. The following chapters are devoted to alkenes, alkynes, and arenes and focus on the formation of compounds ranging from 1,2-diols and oxiranes (1,2-epoxides) to 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, phenols and their derivatives, and quinones. The formation of dialkynes by oxidative coupling of 1-alkynes is described, along with the oxidative cleavage of arenes and oxidative coupling of phenols. This monograph should be of interest to organic chemists and research students.

  • Isonitrile Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Ivar Ugi
    • Inglés
    Organic Chemistry, Volume 20: Isonitrile Chemistry discusses the fundamental aspects of the chemistry of isonitriles. This book provides an introduction to as well as a thorough coverage of isonitrile chemistry. Organized into 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the general properties and structure of isonitriles. This text then examines the quantitative study of the kinetics of isonitrile rearrangement as well as the principal resonance structure of the isonitrile molecule. Other chapters consider the experimental and theoretical findings on the fall-off behavior of the unimolecular rate constants of different isonitriles with pressure. This book discusses as well the behavior of isonitriles toward a center of low electron density, which is particularly manifested in the reactivity of alkyl and aryl isonitriles toward diborane and alkyl or arylboranes. The final chapter deals with the inorganic coordination chemistry of isonitriles. This book is a valuable resource for organic chemists.

  • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra

    Applications to Chemical Systems
    • 1 Edición
    • John R. Ferraro + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Applications to Chemical Systems presents the chemical applications of the Fourier transform interferometry (FT-IR). The book contains discussions on the applications of FT-IR in the fields of chromatography FT-IR, polymers and biological macromolecules, emission spectroscopy, matrix isolation, high-pressure interferometry, and far infrared interferometry. The final chapter is devoted to the presentation of the use of FT-IR in solving national technical problems such as air pollution, space exploration, and energy related subjects. Research and analytical chemists will find the book insightful.

  • Chemisorption and Magnetization

    • 1 Edición
    • P. W. Selwood
    • Inglés
    Chemisorption and Magnetization focuses on particle size determination and on the number of adsorbent atoms affected when any molecule is adsorbed on a surface. This book examines the adsorption of a molecule on the surface of a ferromagnetic solid that produces a change in the magnetization of the solid. Organized into 12 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the experimental methods used for studying chemisorption and magnetization, which are applicable in granulometry. This text then discusses the measurement of saturation magnetization in a ferromagnetic substance in the form of small particles. Other chapters consider the conditions in a typical nickel silica hydrogenation catalyst. This text examines as well the magnetization at moderate fields and near room temperature. The final chapter deals with the properties and complexities of palladium, platinum, and nickel. Students and researchers interested in heterogeneous catalysis and related areas will find this book extremely useful.

  • Ozonation in Organic Chemistry V1

    • 1 Edición
    • Philip S. Bailey
    • Inglés
    Ozonation in Organic chemistry, Volume I: Olefinic Compounds covers the historical background of ozone reactions with organic substances and the mechanisms of these reactions. Composed of 12 chapters, this book first deals with the development of the available theory of all ozone reactions, such as the Harries and Staudinger theories, particularly the Criegee mechanism of ozonolysis. This text then describes the step-by-step mechanism of the classical ozonolysis reaction of olefins and how it evolved. Considerable chapters are devoted to the reactions that compete with ozonolysis, such as epoxidation and other partial cleavage reactions. Both liquid- and gas-phase ozone reactions are explored in other chapters. This volume will appeal to those who are interested in exploring the frontiers of ozone-organic chemistry.

  • Silica Glass and Binary Silicate Glasses

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 15A
    • Inglés
    Physical Sciences Data, Volume 15: Handbook of Glass Data: Silica Glass and Binary Silicate Glasses, Part A presents information on the systems capable of forming glasses by cooling melts. This book provides data on the crystallization rates of glasses. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the melt properties for the glass-forming systems. This text then examines the notion of a component that is very significant for determining the number of components in each investigated glass. Other chapters consider the contents of several oxides of the same element but in different valent state as the reason to transfer a glass to the category of the increased number of components. This book discusses as well the analytical composition of glass. The final chapter deals with flotation method using tetrabromoethane and benzene mixture. This book is a valuable resource for glass specialists, chemists, engineers, scientists, and information science workers.

  • Cyclophanes

    • 1 Edición
    • Philip Keehn
    • Inglés
    Cyclophanes, Volume I is a collection of papers that reviews cyclophane chemistry. One paper describes the genesis of the cyclophane concept, covering its past, present, and future possible applications. The results of experimental and theoretical studies show the interrelationships between the structure and energetics in the class of compounds known as cyclophanes. Another paper relates the X-ray crystal structure determinations of cyclophanes to set the crystallographic and structural data of these systems in such a form that will enable comparisons, lead to an understanding of the geometries and deviations, and open the application of data to other areas of cyclophane chemistry. One paper reviews the methods by which nuclear magnetic resonance is applied to assign stereochemistry in the fixed phanes to show the conformational effects that have been observed in the mobile phanes. Another paper explains the synthesis, chemical, and physical properties of [n]cyclophanes, including systems with benzene, naphthalene, anthracene rings, heteroaromatics pyridine, furan, pyrrole, and thiophene. This collection can greatly profit researchers and academicians in the fields of organic chemistry, physical chemistry, and other scientists whose works revolve around aromatic compounds and cyclophanes.

  • Photochemical Synthesis

    • 1 Edición
    • I. Ninomiya + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The Best Synthetic Methods Series is aimed at practising organic chemists who require up-to-date details of working methods for the synthesis of organic compounds. This volume concentrates on the synthesis of compounds with specifictypes of structures which has not been possible by standard thermal methods. For ease of use the photochemical reactions covered have been presented by their functional groups.

  • Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry V2

    • 2 Edición
    • Georg Brauer
    • Inglés
    Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 2, Second Edition focuses on the methods, mechanisms, and chemical reactions involved in conducting experiments on inorganic chemistry. Composed of contributions of various authors, the second part of the manual focuses on elements and compounds. Included in the discussions are copper, silver, and gold. Numerical calculations and diagrams are presented to show the properties, compositions, and chemical reactions of these materials when exposed to varying laboratory conditions. The manual also looks at other elements such as scandium, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and thorium. Lengthy discussions on the characteristics and nature of these elements are presented. The third part of the guidebook discusses special compounds. The manual also provides formula and subject index, including an index for procedures, materials, and devices. Considering the value of information presented, the manual can best serve the interest of readers and scientists wanting to institute a system in the conduct of experiments in laboratories.

  • Photochemistry and Photobiology of Nucleic Acids

    • 1 Edición
    • Shih-Yi Wang
    • Inglés
    Photochemistry and Photobiology of Nucleic Acids, Volume I: Chemistry covers the historical developments in the study of photobiology and photochemistry of nucleic acid components. This volume is divided into 12 chapters that deal with the isolation and characterization of ultraviolet photoproducts of pyrimidines. After briefly covering the concepts of photochemistry of nucleic acids, this volume goes on describing the UV-induced physical and chemical alterations in nucleic acid components, such as pyrimidines, purines, their nucleosides and nucleotides, and related compounds. Significant chapters are devoted to mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and crystal and molecular structure determinations by X-ray diffraction. Together with the pertinent examples, a short discussion on the theory and techniques is also presented in each chapter. This volume also includes a chapter on radiation chemistry to examine the close relationship between the chemical effects of UV-light and X- or gamma-radiation. This volume is of value to researchers who are active in the study of photochemistry and photobiology in nucleic acids as well as to advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in this field.

  • The Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces

    • 1 Edición
    • D.A. King
    • Inglés
    The Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces, Volume 6: Coadsorption, Promoters, and Poisons focuses on the processes, reactions, and approaches involved in coadsorption and the functions of promoters and poisons in synthesis and reactions. The selection first offers information on adsorbate-adsorbate interactions on metal surfaces and interaction between alkali metal adsorbates and adsorbed molecules. Discussions focus on coadsorption of alkali metals and other molecules; model experiments of catalyst promotion; effective medium theory; direct and indirect hybridization effects; and elastic interaction between adsorbates. The publication then ponders on coadsorption of carbon monoxide and hydrogen on metal surfaces and adsorption on bimetallic surfaces. The manuscript examines the chemical properties of alloy single crystal surfaces and promotion in ammonia synthesis. Topics include substrate dependence of nitrogen adsorption and ammonia synthesis; effects of promotion on nitrogen dissociation and ammonia synthesis; and theoretical modeling. The text then elaborates on promotion in the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis, promoters and poisons in the water-gas shift reaction, and strong metal-support interactions. The selection is a recommended reference for physicists and readers interested in coadsorption, promoters, and poisons.

  • Orbital Symmetry

    A Problem - Solving Approach
    • 1 Edición
    • Roland Lehr
    • Inglés
    Orbital Symmetry: A Problem-Solving Approach reviews the methods of analyzing pericyclic reactions. Problem solving is the foundation of this book, providing problems in introductory and theory sections to prepare readers for the more extensive chapters that follow. All problems, except those in Chapter VIII, are answered in this text and are fully referenced where appropriate. Many of the problems require the use of molecular models, while Prentice-Hall's “Framework Molecular Models” and Benjamin's “Maruzen Models” are best suited for the construction of the highly strained molecules. This publication is addressed primarily to advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students concerned with analyzing pericyclic reactions.

  • Elastomers and Rubber Compounding Materials

    • 1 Edición
    • I Franta
    • Inglés
    Elastomers and Rubber Compounding Materials reviews the properties of elastomers and particular groups of ingredients and chemicals mixed into the basic elastomer to form a rubber compound. After introducing the history of rubber industry and the general properties of rubber, the book discusses the properties, classification, concentration, stabilization, modification, application, transport, and storage of latex. It presents as well the methods of production, composition, physical properties, and chemical reactions of dry rubber. The book then focuses on the production and classification of different synthetic rubbers, such as styrene-butadiene, isoprene, butadiene, ethylene-propylene, and chloroprene. It also discusses the production, properties, and applications of elastomers, vulcanization chemicals, fillers, stabilizers, plasticizers, blowing agents, and textile reinforcing materials used in formulating rubber compounds. This book will be of great value not only to those who are in the rubber industry, but also to students of polymer science and rubber technology.

  • Organochromium compounds

    • 1 Edición
    • R Sneeden
    • Inglés
    Organochromium Compounds is a three-chapter text that covers the major developments in the preparation, characterization, and reaction of the five main classes of organochromium compounds. These classes include the chromium π and solvated sodium and lithium poly(organo)chromate... and (II) complexes, carbenoid-chromium, solvated σ-bonded organochromium(III) and (II), solvated sodium and lithium poly(organo)chromate... and (II) complexes, and unsolvated σ-bonded tetra(organo)chromiu... compounds. This book will be of value to organic chemists and researchers who are interested in organotransition metal chemistry.

  • Photochemistry of Air Pollution

    • 1 Edición
    • Philip Leighton
    • Inglés
    Photochemistry of Air Pollution provides information pertinent to air pollution and atmospheric chemistry. This book discusses the photochemical reactions produced by sunlight may convert relatively harmless pollutants into substances that constitute a nuisance, create possible health hazard, and cause economic problem to humans. Organized into 10 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the problem of air pollution, particularly photochemical smog. This text then discusses the factors that collectively determine the amount and spectral distribution of the radiation entering a surface layer of the atmosphere. Other chapters compare the specific absorption rates of several absorbers that are present in the air during periods of photochemical smog, including oxygen, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ketones, peroxides, and particulate matter. The final chapter deals with the process of formation of the substances responsible for the physiological effects of eye irritation and plant damage. This book is a valuable resource for photochemists and air pollution scientists.

  • Metabolomics Coming of Age with its Technological Diversity

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 67
    • Inglés
    Advances in Botanical Research publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences. Currently in its 67th volume, the series features several reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology and ecology. This thematic volume features reviews on metabolomics coming of age with its technological diversity.

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