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Libros en Química

  • Multiplets of Transition-Metal Ions in Crystals

    • 1 Edición
    • Satoru Sugano
    • Inglés
    Multiplets of Transition-Metal Ions in Crystals provides information pertinent to ligand field theory. This book discusses the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and the theory of atomic spectra. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the qualitative nature of the splitting of the energy level as well as the angular behavior of the wavefunctions. This text then examines the problem of obtaining the energy eigenvalues and eigenstates of the two-electron systems, in which two electrons are accommodated in the t2g and eg shells in a variety of ways. Other chapters discuss the ligand-field potential, which is invariant to any symmetry operation in the group to which symmetry of the system belongs. This book discusses as well the approximate method of expressing molecular orbitals (MO) by a suitable linear combination of atomic orbitals (AO). The final chapter discusses the MO in molecules and the self-consistent field theory of Hartree–Fock. This book is a valuable resource for research physicists, chemists, electronic engineers, and graduate students.

  • The Proteins Pt 3

    • 3 Edición
    • Hans Neurath
    • Inglés
    The Proteins, Volume III, Third Edition deals with the structure of proteins in terms of composition, amino acid sequence, and three-dimensional conformation. Special consideration is given to sulfur and the sulfur-containing amino acids because of their unique contribution to the structure and reactivity of certain proteins. The book reviews the strategies and procedures for determining the amino acid sequence of a protein. The "spinning-cup" sequenator method of Edman and Begg; the role of sulfur in proteins; and the three-dimensional structure of some crystalline proteins by X-ray diffraction analysis are covered as well. Protein chemists, medical and biological researchers, and students who require more knowledge of protein chemistry will find the book extremely useful.

  • Survey of Progress in Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Gene Wubbels
    • Inglés
    Survey of Progress in Chemistry, Volume 10 provides information pertinent to the essential developments in chemistry. This book discusses the several topics related to chemistry, including catalysis, surface chemistry, stereochemistry, mobility of ligands, Belousov reaction, Wittig reaction, and ylides. Organized into four chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the importance of the selective catalytic conversion of a reactant into a particular product. This text then examines the hydrogenolysis of cyclopropane and ethane over supported metal catalysts. Other chapters consider the related reactions over single-crystal surfaces of Ir, Ni, Pt, and Ru. This book discusses as well the details of the interaction of hydrogen with clean surfaces. The final chapter deals with ylides of phosphorus and related elements, which are powerful ligands for both transition metals and main group elements. This book is a valuable resource for college and university teachers, advanced students, and industrial and academic chemists.

  • Polymers as Aids in Organic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • N.K Mather
    • Inglés
    Polymers as Aids in Organic Chemistry covers the broad classifications and application of polymers in organic chemistry. This book is organized into 15 chapters that focus on the transformation of polymers and their role in other reagents that must be easily separated from their final product. After a brief introduction to polymer chemistry, the book presents a tabulation of the various types of polymers that have been used and the methods for their characterization. It then discusses the use of polymers as supports in peptide, oligonucleotide, and oligosaccharide chemistry; in peptide sequencing; in monofunctionalized difunctional compounds preparation, as aids in asymmetric syntheses; and as trapping agents in the determination of reaction intermediates. The subsequent chapters describe the use of polymers as catalysts, with particular emphasis on transition metals immobilized in the polymer matrix and used as catalysts. The concluding chapters examine polymer-immobilized compounds, enzymes, and whole cells that have been used to carry out a large number of reaction, most of which impinge on the area of organic chemistry. Polymer scientists and researchers and organic chemists will find this book invaluable.

  • Superionic Solids And Solid Electrolytes Recent Trends

    • 1 Edición
    • Amulya Laskar
    • Inglés
    Superionic Solids and Solid Electrolytes: Recent Trends describes the fundamental aspects, unique properties, and potential applications of superionic solids and solid electrolytes. These materials significantly contribute to the development of the solid state ionics technology. This book is divided into 17 chapters, and begins with an overview of various materials, such as glasses, heterogeneous or dispersed phase conductors, proton conductors, Nasicon, and fluorites. These topics are followed by a discussion on the problems related with entropy effects, subsurface space charge, and defect formation parameters. Significant chapters deal with the phenomenological, fractal, molecular dynamics, fluctuations, and correlations in superionic solid and solid electrolyte materials. A chapter tackles the solid state battery applications of solid electrolytes. This text ends with a chapter on the prediction of the potentials of activity in superionics. This book will be of value to graduate students and researchers who are interested in the solid state ionics technology.

  • Photothermal Investigations of Solids and Fluids

    • 1 Edición
    • J Sell
    • Inglés
    Photothermal Investigations of Solids and Fluids discusses photothermal optical diagnostic techniques in the study of solids and fluids, which involve areas of photothermal spectroscopy, imaging, and velocimetry. This book explores the development of lasers as powerful and convenient sources of localized energy. Organized into 10 chapters, this monograph begins with an overview of photothermal spectroscopy as the field in which the nature of matter is probed using optical excitation of a medium and optical probing of the thermal energy that results from this excitation. This book then provides the reader with a link between the physics applicable to the photothermal experiments and the methodology involved in such investigation. Other chapters examine the experimental photothermal detectors that are constructed for use in most forms of chromatography and electrophoresis. The final chapter deals with several promising spectroscopies, including photothermal interferometry, photothermal modulation of Mie scattering, and photophoretic spectroscopy. Graduate students, professors, and research scientists will find this monograph extremely useful.

  • Plasma Polymerization

    • 1 Edición
    • H K Yasuda
    • Inglés
    Plasma Polymerization aims to bridge the conceptual gap between the academic and practical approaches to plasma polymerization and highlights the significance of plasma polymerization in materials science and technology. The major topics covered are gas-phase kinetics, ionization of gases, fundamentals of polymerization, mechanism of polymer formation in plasma, competitive aspects of polymer formation and ablation, mechanism of polymer deposition, operational factors of plasma polymerization, and electrical properties of plasma polymers. This book is comprised of 11 chapters and begins with a brief overview of plasma polymerization and its growing importance for the formation of entirely new kinds of materials. The discussion then shifts to a comparison between plasma-state polymerization and plasma-induced polymerization, between plasma polymerization and graft polymerization, and between plasma polymerization and radiation polymerization. The reader is also introduced to fundamental aspects of gas-phase reactions, paying particular attention to the classical kinetic theory of gas, as well as the mechanisms of formation of polymeric materials in plasma, competitive ablation and polymer formation in plasma, and polymer deposition in plasma polymerization. The operational parameters of plasma polymerization are described and a chapter devoted to the electrical properties of plasma-polymerized thin organic films concludes the book. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of material science.

  • Relaxation kinetics

    • 1 Edición
    • Claude Bernasconi
    • Inglés
    Relaxation Kinetics focuses on the theory of relaxation kinetics (also known as chemical relaxation) and the experimental techniques used in the study of fast reactions. Topics covered include relaxation times in single-step, two-step, and multistep systems; small perturbations; and relaxation amplitudes in single-step and multistep systems. Chemical relaxation in complex systems is also described, and a complete solution of the relaxation equation is presented. This book is comprised of 16 chapters divided into two sections and begins with an overview of the basic principles of chemical relaxation, including the linearization of rate equations, relaxation times, and transient and stationary relaxation methods. The following chapters explore relaxation times in single-step, two-step, and multistep systems, as well as relaxation amplitudes in single-step and multistep systems. The possibility of linearization of a rate equation for ""small"" perturbations is then considered, along with the derivation of the complete relaxation equation. The next chapter discusses transient relaxation techniques and explains how the data are analyzed for the stationary techniques when dealing with the specific techniques. The second section is devoted to experimental techniques such as the temperature-jump method, the electric field-jump method, and the concentration-jump method. Ultrasonic techniques and stationary electric field methods are also described. This monograph will be a valuable resource for chemists and physicists.

  • Dielectrics in Time-Dependent Fields

    • 2 Edición
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • Inglés
    Theory of Electric Polarization, Volume II: Dielectrics in Time-Dependent Fields focuses on the processes, reactions, and principles involved in the application of dielectrics in time-dependent fields, as well as the Kerr effect, statistical mechanics, and polarization. The publication first examines the phenomenological theory of linear dielectrics in time-dependent fields; empirical description of dielectric relaxation; and the relationship between macroscopic and molecular dielectric relaxation behavior. Concerns cover the relationship between macroscopic and microscopic correlation functions; statistical mechanics of linear dissipative systems and the relationship between response functions and correlation functions; superpositions of distribution functions; and the use of complex dielectric constant in problems with time-dependent field sources. The book then ponders on the dipole correlation function, polarization in the infrared and optical frequency range, and the Kerr effect and related phenomena. Discussions focus on the Kerr effect in condensed systems, extensions of the Kerr effect, extrapolation of the refractive index to infinite wavelength, results obtained from computer simulations, rotational diffusion, and general aspects of molecular reorientation. The manuscript tackles the dielectric properties of molecular solids and liquid crystals and experimental determination of permanent dipole and quadrupole moments. The text is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in the application of dielectrics in time-dependent fields.

  • Catalytic Reactions

    The Organic Chemistry of Palladium
    • 1 Edición
    • Peter Maitlis
    • Inglés
    The Organic Chemistry of Palladium, Volume I1: Catalytic Reactions deals with organic transformations resulting from palladium complexes either stoichiometrically or catalytically. One feature of a reaction catalyzed by transition metals is the absence of evidence for the typical reactive intermediates of organic chemistry, carbanions, and carbonium ions. This lack of evidence is due to the metal acting both as a source and a sink of electrons that result in energetically unfavorable ionic intermediaries. The book explains that palladium (II) can induce C-O bond formation. These reactions involve oxidation of the organic substrate and reduces the Pd(II) to metal, and are not catalytic. Industrial applications can re-oxidize the palladium metal back to Pd(II) in situ, making the reactions catalytic. The text also discusses certain reactions that can form C-O bonds as part of an oxidative process. The book also describes significant reactions that can be catalyzed by palladium metal, such as in the hydrogenation of multiple bonds, in the carbonylation of certain olefins and acetylenes, and in the catalytic cracking of high molecular weight hydrocarbons. Organic chemists, analytical chemists, investigators, and scientists whose works involve physical or inorganic chemistry will find the book truly useful.

  • Second Quantization-Based Methods in Quantum Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Poul Joergensen
    • Inglés
    Second Quantization-Based Methods in Quantum Chemistry presents several modern quantum chemical tools that are being applied to electronic states of atoms and molecules. Organized into six chapters, the book emphasizes the quantum chemical methods whose developments and implementations have been presented in the language of second quantization. The opening chapter of the book examines the representation of the electronic Hamiltonian, other quantum-mechanical operators, and state vectors in the second-quantization language. This chapter also describes the unitary transformations among orthonormal orbitals in an especially convenient manner. In subsequent chapters, various tools of second quantization are used to describe many approximation techniques, such as Hartree-Fock, perturbation theory, configuration interaction, multiconfigurational Hartree-Fock, cluster methods, and Green’s function. This book is an invaluable source for researchers in quantum chemistry and for graduate-level students who have already taken introductory courses that cover the fundamentals of quantum mechanics through the Hartree-Fock method as applied to atoms and molecules.

  • Anelastic Relaxation In Crystalline Solids

    • 1 Edición
    • A.S. Nowick
    • Inglés
    Anelastic Relaxation in Crystalline Solids provides an overview of anelasticity in crystals. This book discusses the various physical and chemical phenomena in crystalline solids. Comprised of 20 chapters, this volume begins with a discussion on the formal theory of anelasticity, and then explores the anelastic behavior, which is a manifestation of internal relaxation process. This text lays the groundwork for the formal theory by introducing the postulates. Other chapters explore the different dynamical methods that are frequently used in studying anelasticity. The reader is then introduced to the physical origin of anelastic relaxation process in terms of atomic model. This text also discusses the various types of point defects in crystals, including elementary point defects, composite defects, and self-interstitial defects. The final chapter provides relevant information on the various frequency ranges used in the study. This book is intended for crystallographers, mechanical engineers, metallurgical engineers, solid-state physicists, materials scientists, and researchers.

  • Strategies and Tactics In Organic Synthesis

    • 1 Edición
    • Thomas Lindberg
    • Inglés
    Strategies and Tactics in Organic Synthesis presents the chronological development of ideas and experimentation in organic synthesis. This book is organized into 13 chapters that explore the synthetic pathways of various organic compounds. The first four chapters describe the variations in the synthesis of superphane, gibberellic acid, prostaglandin, and alkaloids. The following chapters cover the organic synthesis and biosynthesis of tylonolide, endiandric acids A-G, dodecahedrane, fomannosin, and illudol. A chapter focuses on the evolution of the total synthesis of jatrophone, an architecturally interesting macrocyclic diterpene extracted from Jatropha gossypiifolia. Another chapter discusses the heuristic principle for the stereorationale design of alkaloid syntheses. The remaining chapters discuss the approach to the total synthesis of steroids, streptonigrin, methynolide, and Prelog-Djerassi lactonic acid. Organic chemists, teachers, and students will find this book of great value.

  • Chemistry of Free Atoms and Particles

    • 1 Edición
    • Kenneth Klabunde
    • Inglés
    Chemistry of Free Atoms and Particles covers the chemistry of metal atoms and metallic molecules or fragments. This book contains 10 chapters that are organized on the basis of the Periodic Chart. Each group of elements is separated into a discussion of first the free atoms, followed by a discussion of reactive molecular forms of metal halides, oxides, and sulfides. These sections are further broken down into subsections on ""Occurrence, Properties, and Techniques"" followed by ""Chemistry"". The ""Chemistry"" sections are further divided into several headings, including abstraction, electron-transfer, oxidative addition, simple orbital mixing, substitution, disproportional and ligand transfer, and cluster formation processes. This book will be of value to chemistry researchers, teachers, and students.

  • Chain Structure and Conformation of Macromolecules

    • 1 Edición
    • Frank Bovey
    • Inglés
    Chain Structure and Conformation of Macromolecules provides an introduction to the chain structures of synthetic polymers and their determination in solution and in the solid state. This book discusses the synthetic methods and polymerization mechanisms. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the brief history of the macromolecular concept and of stereochemical and geometrical isomerism in synthetic polymer chains. This text then introduces vibrational spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Other chapters consider the geometric isomerism in diene copolymers as well as the rotational isomeric state method of calculation of polymer chain dimensions. This book discusses as well copolymerization and the measurement of copolymer structure. The final chapter deals with the NMR observation of polymers in the solid state by the method of magic angle spinning, by which both dynamic measurements and high resolution structural information are possible. This book is a valuable resource for organic chemists, chemical engineers, and research workers.

  • The Organic Chemistry of Nickel

    Organonickel Complexes
    • 1 Edición
    • P.W. Jolly
    • Inglés
    The Organic Chemistry of Nickel, Volume I: Organonickel Complexes is devoted to a description of the organonickel complexes. The major goal is to provide a reference work, and for this reason a conventional layout has been adopted with separate chapters devoted to each type of organic ligand. In the interest of readability, known compounds have been assembled in tables at the end of each chapter, thereby allowing the text to be used for discussions of the general chemistry involved and to highlight the special reactions associated with nickel. Conscious of the needs of organometallic chemists, the authors included systems in which no nickel-carbon bond is involved. Among these is a chapter on the tetrakisligand nickel complexes and sections on dioxygen and azobenzene complexes. The nitrosyl complexes and complexes containing a metal-metal bond—topics frequently considered to be part of the domain of the organometallic chemist—have not received individual attention. Tables of the observed bond distances in organonickel complexes are provided as an Appendix; a short list of the more important review articles relevant to each organic ligand can be found at the end of each chapter.

  • Chitin, Chitosan, and Related Enzymes

    • 1 Edición
    • John Zikakis
    • Inglés
    Chitin, Chitosan, and Related Enzymes documents the proceedings of a four-day joint United States-Japan seminar held at the University of Delaware. The said seminar is aimed to explore the potential of the application of chitin, chitosan, and related products in different scientific fields. The book is divided into six parts. Part I covers the application of chitin and chitosan to pharmaceutical preparations. Part II discusses the applications of chitin and its derivatives. Part III features chitin and chitosan in relation to enzymology and genetic engineering. Respectively covered in Parts IV, V, and VI are the chemical and physical structure of chitin and chitosan; biochemical and physiological properties of chitin and its derivatives; the effects of phosphate on chitin production; and the development of chitin as a suture as well as for orthopedic uses. The text is recommended for biochemists who would like to know more or make further studies about the different applications of chitin, chitosan, and related enzymes.

  • Chemical Methods of Rock Analysis

    • 3 Edición
    • D. Hutchison + 1 más
    • Inglés
    A practical guide to the methods in general use for the complete analysis of silicate rock material and for the determination of all those elements present in major, minor or trace amounts in silicate and other rocks that are routinely, commonly or occasionally determined by methods that are considered to be essentially chemical in character. Such methods include those based upon spectrophotometry, flame emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy, as well as gravimetry, titrimetry and the use of ion-selective electrodes. Separation stages are described in full, using precipitation, solvent extraction, distillation, and ion-ex procedures as appropriate. The third edition has been fully revised and updated.

  • The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes V8

    • 1 Edición
    • K Venkataraman
    • Inglés
    The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes, Volume VII stresses the relation between the chemistry of synthetic dyes and their application properties. This book describes the dyes for leather, synthetic carotenoids as food colorants, and solvent dyes. The phenomenal progress made in transfer printing, which the first commercial process became available as recently as 1968, is also discussed. This text likewise considers the influence of structural factors on the lightfastness of dyed fibers and structures of dyes with their technical properties. This volume is a good reference for organic chemists and technologists working on the synthesis of dyes and their applications.

  • Thermodynamic Properties of Nonelectrolyte Solutions

    • 1 Edición
    • William Acree
    • Inglés
    Thermodynamic Properties of Nonelectrolyte Solutions reviews several of the more classical theories on the thermodynamics of nonelectrolyte solutions. Basic thermodynamic principles are discussed, along with predictive methods and molecular thermodynamics. This book is comprised of 12 chapters; the first of which introduces the reader to mathematical relationships, such as concentration variables, homogeneous functions, Euler’s theorem, exact differentials, and method of least squares. The discussion then turns to partial molar quantities, ideal and nonideal solutions, and empirical expressions for predicting the thermodynamic properties of multicomponent mixtures from binary data. The chapters that follow explore binary and ternary mixtures containing only nonspecific interactions; the thermodynamic excess properties of liquid mixtures and ternary alcohol-hydrocarbon systems; and solubility behavior of nonelectrolytes. This book concludes with a chapter describing the use of gas-liquid chromatography in determining the activity coefficients of liquid mixtures and mixed virial coefficients of gaseous mixtures. This text is intended primarily for professional chemists and researchers, and is invaluable to students in chemistry or chemical engineering who have background in physical chemistry and classical thermodynamics.

  • Theory of Electric Polarization

    Dielectrics in Static Fields
    • 2 Edición
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • Inglés
    Theory of Electric Polarization: Dielectrics in Static Fields: Second Edition concerns the theory of the static behavior of dielectrics. The book reviews electric moment, electric dipoles, some concepts of, and problems of electrostatics. One problem concerns the phenomena of a conducting sphere in a homogeneous external field which was resolved using Laplace's equation. The text also discusses the work required to assemble a charge distribution, the energy of a dialectric or an induced dipole in an external field, and the electrostatic interaction of two particles. The book explores the reaction field of a polarizable or non-polarizable point dipole, the reaction field in an ellipsoidal cavity, the reaction field of an eccentric dipole in a spherical cavity, and the contribution of the permanent dipoles to the cohesion energy of a liquid. The text tackles the Onsager equation, the Debye equation, a correction to the Clausius-Mossotti equation, and the Kirkwood correlation factor. The book explains normal and anomalous saturation, electrostriction, as well as the non-linear effect due to the anisotropy of polarizability and hyperpolarizabilitie... The text can prove beneficial for researchers, investigators or scientists whose work involve organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, and inorganic chemistry.

  • Higher Excited States of Polyatomic Molecules V3

    • 1 Edición
    • Melvin Robin
    • Inglés
    Higher Excited States of Polyatomic Molecules, Volume III focuses on higher electronic excitations in polyatomic molecules, with emphasis on excitations beyond 50,000 cm-1. This book explores the various transitions on the basis of their orbital characteristics. Organized into 22 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the relationships between spectra of different molecules and between the results of various types of spectroscopy. This book then discusses the higher excited states involving Rydberg excitation. Other chapters explore the higher excited states in all classes of biological, organic, and inorganic molecules. This text further discusses the progress in the area of higher excitations in polyatomic atoms and the technique of multiphoton ionization (MPI) spectroscopy that yields a remarkable amount of spectroscopic information applicable to the vacuum-ultraviolet region. The final chapter deals with the vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopy of biological materials. Analytical chemists, photochemists, molecular spectroscopists, and researchers will find this book extremely useful.

  • Biotransfrmtns Prepartv Organic Chemistry

    The Use of Isolated Enzymes and Whole Cell Systems in Synthesis
    • 1 Edición
    • H. G. Davies + 3 más
    • Inglés
    This volume is designed for chemists working in an organic chemistry laboratory and for all scientists with an interest in biotransformations. It summarizes the important aspects of work in the burgeoning field of biotransformations, th...[missing text]

  • Phytochemicals in Plant Cell Cultures

    • 1 Edición
    • Indra K. Vasil
    • Inglés
    Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants, Volume 5: Phytochemicals in Plant Cell Cultures provides comprehensive coverage of the wide variety of laboratory procedures used in plant cell culture, fundamental aspects of cell growth and nutrition, and plant regeneration and variability. This book consists of five main topics—phenylpropano... naphthoquinones, and anthraquinones; mevalonates; alkaloids; glucosinolates, polyacetylenes, and lipids; and biologically active compounds. This publication specifically discusses the coumarins in crown gall tumors, natural occurrence of bufadienolides, and accumulation of protoberberine alkaloids. The flavor production in tissue cultures of allium species and callus cultures derived from carrot root explants is also reviewed. This volume is valuable to experienced researchers and those newly entering the field of plant cell and tissue culture.

  • The Organic Chemist's Book of Orbitals

    • 1 Edición
    • William Jorgensen
    • Inglés
    The Organic Chemist's Book of Orbitals focuses on the mechanisms, stereochemistry, and reactivity of molecular orbitals. Composed of four chapters, the book outlines how molecular orbitals are created by delocalization. Concerns include CC and CH single-bond orbitals; bond orbitals and group orbitals; and the localized orbitals of CH2 and CH3 groups. Schematic diagrams are presented to show the nature, reactions, and compositions of molecular orbitals. The text offers a list of molecules and orbital occupancies. Orbital drawings are presented to show the differences of the molecular orbitals of hydrogen, water, ammonia, methane, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and acetylene. The book also provides an index of references for the molecular geometries and orbital energies employed in the orbital drawings. Considering the weight of data presented, the book is a great find for readers interested in studying molecular orbitals.

  • The Proteins Pt 3

    • 3 Edición
    • Hans Neurath
    • Inglés
    The Proteins, Third Edition, Volume II is a three-chapter text that highlights the application of methods of organic chemistry to the study of protein structure. Chapter 1 reviews the chemical modification of proteins by group- and site-specific reagents. This chapter also discusses the methods for the chemical modification of proteins and their application to the study of the structure, conformation, and biologic activity of certain proteins. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis of peptides by solution methods and the procedures employed for the synthesis of biologically active peptide hormones. This chapter also deals with the many difficulties inherent in the application of the existing synthetic methods and emphasizes the stringent standards that must be maintained for the successful chemical synthesis of naturally occurring polypeptides. Chapter 3 presents the solid-phase methods for the synthesis of peptides on solid supports. Organic chemists and researchers, teachers and undergraduate students will find this book invaluable.

  • The Laue Method

    • 1 Edición
    • J.L. Amoros
    • Inglés
    The Laue Method demonstrates why and how the Laue method provides an easy vehicle for identification of crystalline species. The more important aspects of classical crystal theory and projection methods (such as the stereographic, gnomonic and stereognomonic projections) are discussed. The subject matter of this book falls into two parts. After a brief historical introduction that considers early interpretation of Laue photographs and Laue's theory of diffraction by crystals, the first part provides, at an elementary level, a simple and compact treatment of the Laue method and the background needed to make use of it. The stereographic projection, gnomonic projection, stereognomonic projection, and crystallochemical analysis are covered here. The chapters that follow examine the Laue method on a higher level, paying particular attention to the polychromatic component, the cross ratio and its application in crystallography, and the indexing of Laue photographs. The reader is also introduced to the optics of the Laue method and the application of Laue photographs to the study of diffuse scattering. The book concludes with a very simple new interpretation of the Laue method. This book should appeal to both students and specialists who study crystals.

  • Ion-Containing Polymers

    Physical Properties and Structure
    • 1 Edición
    • A. Eisenberg
    • Inglés
    Ion-Containing Polymers: Physical Properties and Structure is Volume 2 of the series Polymer Physics. This book aims to fill in the gap in literature regarding the physical aspects of ion-containing polymers. A total of five chapters comprise this book. The Introduction (Chapter 1) generally deals with the application of ion-containing polymers, general classification, and the available works regarding the subject. Chapter 2 establishes the concepts of supermolecular structure and glass transitions in terms of the effects of ionic forces in polymers. These chapters provide the context in the discussion of viscoelastic properties of homopolymers and copolymers in Chapters 3 and 4. Finally, Chapter 5 tackles the configuration-depend... properties of ion-containing polymers. This volume will be of particular help to students in the field of physics and chemistry.

  • Molecular crystals and Molecules

    • 1 Edición
    • A Kitaigorodsky
    • Inglés
    Molecular Crystals and Molecules deals with some of the problems of molecular crystallography and certain aspects of molecular structure. This book is composed of eight chapters that specifically cover the significant progress of conformational research. The opening chapter describes the structure of crystals considering the close-packing principle, disorder elements, and binary systems. The next two chapters examine the calculation of crystal lattice energy and dynamics. These topics are followed by discussions on the molecular movement, structural, and thermodynamic aspects of crystals. The final chapters look into the parameters for conformational calculations of molecules, macromolecules, and biopolymers. This book will be of great value to physical chemists and researchers who are interested in crystal and molecular structure.

  • Alkali Metal Orthophosphates

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 31
    • J. Eysseltova + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This volume presents and evaluates reported solubility data for the title compounds, complementing an earlier volume in the IUPAC Solubility Data Series dealing with alkali metal halides. Orthophosphates have been known and used for many years; principal applications include their use in fertilizers, as corrosion inhibitors and in piezoelectric components. Most published data relate to sodium and potassium orthophosphates; introductory chapters on these two systems are followed by chapters dealing with individual phosphates with various metal/phosphorus ratios, together with coverage of ternary and multicomponent systems. In compiling the data, all relevant articles published up to 1984 have been consulted. Critical evaluation of the data has made possible the definition of recommended solubility values.

  • Organotransition Metal Chemistry A Mechanistic Approach

    • 1 Edición
    • Richard Heck
    • Inglés
    Organotransition Metal Chemistry: A Mechanistic Approach describes a mechanistic approach to the study of the chemistry of organotransition metals. Organotransition metals are discussed in relation to their reactions with specific functional groups or types of compounds rather than by metals. Topics covered include the formation of hydrogen and carbon bonds to transition metals; reactions of transition metal δ- and π-bonded derivatives; and addition and elimination reactions of olefinic compounds. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with a historical overview of organotransition metal chemistry, together with the unique chemistry of transition metals and mechanisms of ligand replacements. The following chapters discuss the methods of preparation of hydrido complexes and carbon-transition metal bonds; homogeneous hydrogenation reactions; isomerization, dimerization, oligomerization, and polymerization of olefins; and reactions of dienes, trienes, and tetraenes with transition metal compounds. Transition metal reactions with acetylenes and carbon monoxide as well as organic carbonyl compounds are also examined. This monograph should be of value to organic chemists as well as students and researchers of organic chemistry.

  • Phase Transitions and Adsorbate Restructuring at Metal Surface

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 7
    • D.A. King + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The objective in initiating this series in 1980 was to provide an in-depth review of advances made in the understanding key aspects of surface chemistry and physics through the application of new techniques to the study of well-defined surfaces. Since then the field of surface science has greatly matured, and further important techniques, particularly scanning probe microscopies, have been successfully assimilated into the applications armoury of the surface scientist.The present volume is a series of timely reviews by many of the current experts in the field of phase transitions and adsorbate-induced surface restructuring. No aspect of the science of solid surfaces can be fully understood without accounting for the structural diversity of surfaces, now revealed in atomic detail by techniques based on diffraction and scanning probe microscopies. For example, it is now clear to those working in heterogeneous catalysis that adsorbate-induced restructuring of surfaces can play a critical role in phenomena such as bistability, kinetic oscillations, and promotion and poisoning. Structural transitions at surfaces can also play a key role in determining the electronic properties of surfaces, reviewed in volume 5.

  • Fundamentals of Electrochemical Science

    • 1 Edición
    • Keith Oldham + 1 más
    • Inglés
    "Fundamentals of Electrochemical Science is a valuable contribution and I support the publication....I am looking forward to seeing this book on the shelves, and once published, I will not hesitate to recommend itto my students." --ANDRZEJ WIECKOWSKI, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

  • Introduction to Quasicrystals

    • 1 Edición
    • Marko Jaric
    • Inglés
    Aperiodicity and Order, Volume 1: Introduction to Quasicrystals deals with various aperiodic types of order in quasicrystals as well as the basic physics of quasicrystalline order and materials. Questions about the nature of order and the order of nature are addressed. This volume is comprised of six chapters; the first of which introduces the reader to icosahedral coordination in metallic crystals, with emphasis on the structural principles of metallic materials that are crystalline and may be expected to carry over to aperiodic materials. The discussion then turns to short- and long-range icosahedral orders in glass, crystals, and quasicrystals. The origins of icosahedral order are explained, and the physical properties of icosahedral materials are described. The chapters that follow focus on the metallurgy of quasicrystals, the crystallography of ideal icosahedral crystals, and stability and deformations in quasicrystalline solids. The book concludes with a discussion on symmetry, elasticity, and hydrodynamics in quasiperiodic structures. A pedagogical review of continuum elastic-hydrodynamic theory for quasicrystals and related structures is presented. This book is intended primarily as an introduction for new students in the field and as a reference for active researchers.

  • Electron Densities in Molecular and Molecular Orbitals

    • 1 Edición
    • J.R. Van Wazer
    • Inglés
    Electron Densities in Molecules and Molecular Orbitals aims to explain the subject of molecular orbitals without having to rely much on its mathematical aspect, making it more approachable to those who are new to quantum chemistry. The book covers topics such as orbitals in quantum-chemical calculations; electronic ionizations and transitions; molecular-orbital change distributions; orbital transformations and calculations not involving orbitals; and electron densities and shapes in atoms and molecules. Also included in the book are the cross-sectional plots of electron densities of compounds such as organic compounds like methane, ethane, and ethylene; monomeric lithium fluoride and monomeric methyl lithium; hydrogen cyanide and methinophosphide; and monomeric borane and diborane. The text is recommended for those who have begun taking an interest in quantum chemistry but do not wish to deal yet with the mathematics part of the subject.

  • Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases

    • 3 Edición
    • Bernard Lewis + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases, Third Edition provides the chemist, physicist, and engineer with the scientific basis for understanding combustion phenomena.

  • Liquid State VIIIA

    • 1 Edición
    • Douglas Henderson
    • Inglés
    Physical Chemistry: An Advanced Treatise: Liquid State, Volume VIIIA, deals with simple liquids because the theory is most developed for these liquids. The purpose of this treatise is to present a comprehensive treatment of physical chemistry for advanced students and investigators in a reasonably small number of volumes. An attempt has been made to include all important topics in physical chemistry together with borderline subjects which are of particular interest and importance. The book contains six chapters and begins with an introduction to intermolecular pair potential-energy functions, the principle of corresponding states, and the equation of state for dense liquids. It then discusses the static and dynamic structure of liquids, followed by separate chapters on the four main techniques in the theory of liquids: simulation studies, integral equation methods, lattice theories, and perturbation theories.

  • Nitrogen, the Confer-N-s

    • 1 Edición
    • K. van der Hoek + 3 más
    • Inglés
    The First International Nitrogen Conference provided an opportunity for researchers and decision-makers to exchange information on environmental pollution by nitrogen compounds on three scales: global, continental/regional and local. The main topics were air, ground water and surface water pollution; emission sources, atmospheric chemistry, deposition processes and effects; disturbance of nitrogen cycles, critical loads and levels; assessments, policy development and evaluation; target groups and abatement techniques; and new approaches leading to an integrated abatement strategy.The peer-reviewed papers from the Conference presented in this volume will provide readers with a comprehensive review of the transport, deposition and impact on ecosystems of nitrogen.

  • Isotopic Assessment of Heterogeneous Catalysis

    • 1 Edición
    • John Happel
    • Inglés
    Isotopic Assessment of Heterogeneous Catalysis deals with the use of isotopic tracing to study the reaction mechanisms involved in heterogeneous catalysis. It presents special methods for using isotopic and radioactive atomic species for obtaining meaningful kinetic data that can be quantitatively used in mechanistic modeling. It also considers a number of industrial reactions under steady-state reaction conditions in which superposed tracer transfer is also at steady state. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with an introduction to heterogeneous catalysis and an approach to reaction modeling, as well as the experimental reactors for obtaining the type of measurements and data needed in transient modeling. The application of isotopes in studies of heterogeneous catalysis is also discussed. Subsequent chapters focus on the choice of intermediates and reaction steps in tracer experiments; the number of overall stoichiometric chemical reactions that can occur in order to generate product molecules from reactants; superposition modeling of mechanisms; and steady-state tracing. Transient tracing and the development of rate equations are also described. This monograph is intended primarily for students and teachers of such subjects as physical chemistry, as well as research scientists and technologists.

  • High Pressure Phase Behaviour of Multicomponent Fluid Mixtures

    • 1 Edición
    • R.J. Sadus
    • Inglés
    The high pressure phase behaviour of binary fluid mixtures has been extensively studied during the last three decades. There is ample experimental data for a wide variety of binary mixtures and extensive methods for prediction have been developed. In contrast, the investigation of ternary and other multicomponent fluids is in its infancy. Experimental ternary mixture critical data are very rare and theoretical studies have been limited to data correlation rather than genuine prediction. The phase behaviour of ternary and other multicomponent fluid mixtures has many novel aspects which are not manifested in binary mixtures. The properties of ternary mixtures are also likely to be more difficult to characterize experimentally. It is in this context that calculated phase diagrams have an important role in leading the discovery of new phenomena and guiding experimental work.The criteria for phase equilibria of multicomponent fluids with particular emphasis on the critical state are examined in this book, and models for predicting fluid equilibria (e.g., different equations of state) are compared. Particular attention is paid to the critical state of ternary mixtures which has hitherto been largely neglected. The problems associated with predicting ternary equilibria are discussed, and some novel aspects of ternary critical phenomena are illustrated. The books also describes a novel type of critical transition which appears to be a common feature of the equilibria of ternary mixtures. Extensive phase diagrams of a wide range of ternary mixtures including systems containing carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen and tetrafluoromethane as one or more component are presented. The theoretical treatment is detailed in the appendix and a computation of known experimental critical points is also included.

  • The Proteins Pt 1

    • 3 Edición
    • Hans Neurath
    • Inglés
    The Proteins, Volume I, Third Edition presents the procedures for the isolation and characterization of proteins and methods for the establishment of homogeneity. This volume contains chapters that discuss molecular sieve techniques for protein analysis; the theory and practice of biospecific affinity chromatography; gel electrophoresis of proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate; sedimentation analysis of proteins; the subunit structure of proteins; and the analysis of protein subunit structure by electron microscopy. Protein chemists, medical and biological researchers, and students who require more knowledge of protein chemistry will find the book of great value.

  • Electrons In Metals And Alloys

    • 1 Edición
    • J. A. Alonso + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This book is a broad review of the electronic structure of metals and alloys. It emphasises the way in which the behavior of electrons in these materials governs the thermodynamic and other properties of these conducting materials. The theoretical treatment proceeds from a wave mechanics approach to more sophisticated techniques for the description of the properties of metals and alloys.

  • The Proteins Pt 4

    • 3 Edición
    • Hans Neurath
    • Inglés
    The Proteins, Third Edition, Volume IV is a four-chapter text that explores the unifying concepts of protein chemistry and the methods of analysis that can be applied to most proteins. The first chapter deals with the biological origins and subsequent evolution of proteins. This chapter also provides the various procedures for comparing amino acid sequences and for establishing the relatedness of protein structures. A discussion on gene duplication as a principal vehicle of evolutionary change is also included in this chapter. Chapter 2 focuses on chromosomal proteins, such as those proteins associated with the genetic material of eukaryotic organisms, specifically the protamines, the histones, and the ""nonhistone"" proteins. Chapter 3 is devoted to contractile proteins of muscle. This chapter describes the molecular processes whereby chemical energy is converted into the mechanical energy required for the propulsion of living creatures. The structure and function of the individual proteins of the contractile apparatus and their organization as evidenced by light and electron microscopy and by X-ray analysis are also covered. Chapter 4 deals with collagen, an important constituent of the extracellular connective tissues in animals and one of the most abundant proteins. This chapter emphasizes the biosynthesis of collagen fibrils. Organic chemists and researchers, teachers and undergraduate students will find this book invaluable.

  • Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions

    • 1 Edición
    • Elliot Marvell
    • Inglés
    Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions explores the applications of thermal electrocyclic reactions to stereospecific synthesis. This book is divided into nine chapters, and begins with a presentation of the theory of electrocylic reactions using orbital conversions through symmetry operations and correlation diagrams. Considerable chapters are devoted to various conjugate systems entering an electrocyclic process, including two-electron, four electron-three-, four-, and five-atom, and six electron-five-, and six-atom systems. The remaining chapters examine the electrocyclic reaction of longer systems, including eight or more π electrons, as well as conjugated systems with an odd number of electrons, which constitute a special case in the conservation of orbital symmetry. This book will be of great value to organic chemists and researchers.

  • Ballistic Materials and Penetration Mechanics

    • 1 Edición
    • Roy Laible
    • Inglés
    Ballistic Materials and Penetration Mechanics deals with ballistically protective materials and penetration mechanics. The book discusses historical and practical considerations of ballistic protection, including metallic armor, as well as ballistic testing methodology, the ability of a protective material to stop or slow down a particular projectile, and the theoretical aspects of penetration mechanics. It also highlights the importance of stress wave analysis in the penetration and spalling phenomena. Organized into 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the history of the armor and the modern helmet. It proceeds with a discussion of variations in ballistic test methods, errors in test methods, and the importance of the hardness and geometry of both the target and the projectile. The next chapters focus on the importance of fibrous armor, materials that are visually transparent and resistant to penetration by high-energy projectiles and fragments, and transparent armor and ceramic composite armor. The reader is also introduced to materials used in the design of metallic armor, the role of stress waves in the penetration problem, and the use of computer simulation to analyze ballistic impact experiments. The book looks at numerical techniques for modeling hypervelocity impact and concludes with a chapter on the penetration mechanics of textile structures. This book is a valuable resource for scientists working at government, industrial, and university laboratories, as well as law enforcement officers and others who want information on materials that provide the best protection against damage from impacts, explosions, and bullets.

  • Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Food and Beverages V2

    • 1 Edición
    • George Charalambous
    • Inglés
    Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Food and Beverages, Volume 2 focuses on the role and utilization of reversed-phase separation techniques in the food, agricultural, biochemical, biomedical, and clinical area. This book discusses the high pressure liquid chromatography; estimation of dextrose equivalent value of starch hydrolysates from liquid chromatographic profiles; and analysis of gluconic acid in botrytized wines. The HPLC of carbohydrate products; reducing sugar derivatization for ultraviolet absorption detection in HPLC analyses; and quantitative determination of dextromethorphan hydrobromide in cough remedies by high precision liquid chromatography are also elaborated. This text likewise discusses the separation of hop compounds by reverse-phase HPLC and analysis of polymethoxylated flavones in orange juice and fruit parts. This book is a good reference for food technologists and researchers conducting work on liquid chromatographic analysis of food and beverages.

  • Mathematical Methods XIA

    • 1 Edición
    • Douglas Henderson
    • Inglés
    Physical Chemistry: An Advanced Treatise: Mathematical Methods, Volume XIA, is devoted to mathematical techniques of interest to chemists. The purpose of this treatise is to present a comprehensive treatment of physical chemistry for advanced students and investigators in a reasonably small number of volumes. An attempt has been made to include all important topics in physical chemistry together with borderline subjects which are of particular interest and importance. The book begins with discussions of elementary concepts such as linear vector spaces; generalized function theory; complex variable theory; boundary-value problems; approximating functions and their applications in numerical differentiation, integration, and the solution of differential equations; and group theory. These are followed by more advanced and specialized chapters that emphasize chemical applications rather than mathematical rigor. This book provides the student of physical chemistry with a basic understanding of those additional mathematical techniques which are important in chemistry and should enable him to read the current literature in theoretical chemistry.

  • Pyrolytic Methods in Organic Chemistry

    Application of Flow and Flash Vacuum Pyrolytic Techniques
    • 1 Edición
    • Roger Brown
    • Inglés
    Pyrolytic Methods in Organic Chemistry: Application of Flow and Flash Vacuum Pyrolytic Techniques is concerned with the use of flow pyrolysis and flash vacuum pyrolysis in preparative organic chemistry. Topics covered include pyrolytic generation and reactions of free radicals, arynes, and cyclobutadienes; elimination reactions; rearrangements of carbenes and nitrenes in the gas phase; and fragmentation of cyclic and acyclic structures. Examples of the types of reaction for which flow and flash pyrolytic methods are well suited are provided. This book is comprised of nine chapters and begins by discussing the place of flow and flash vacuum pyrolytic methods in organic chemistry. The next chapter gives an account of apparatus and experimental methods, while the remaining chapters focus on pyrolytic reactions that are grouped together according to the nature of the overall process, the formal structure of the starting material, and mechanistic type. Reactions that are formally related because they involve elimination of a small fragment molecule X-X or X-Y from a larger molecular framework are examined, along with cleavage of carbocyclic systems. The final chapter presents examples of high-temperature rearrangements, focusing on electrocyclic reactions and cycloadditions involving mainly four or six electrons; reactions that proceed through diradical intermediates; and isomerizations of heterocyclic rings. This monograph is intended mainly for practicing academic and industrial organic chemists and for advanced and graduate students.

  • Handbook of Infrared Standards

    With Spectral Maps and Transition Assignments Between 3 and 2600 x gmm
    • 1 Edición
    • Guy Guelachvili + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The development of infrared standards is an ongoing process in laboratories throughout the world. This handbook provides lists of standards based on spectra of easily available molecular species, from the upper end of the microwave region to the near infrared.

  • Diazo Compounds

    Properties and Synthesis
    • 1 Edición
    • Manfred Regitz
    • Inglés
    Diazo Compounds: Properties and Synthesis focuses on the properties and syntheses of aliphatic diazo compounds. This monograph explores the application of diazo compounds in organic synthesis. Organized into two parts encompassing 16 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the structurally inherent effects of diazoalkenes. This monograph then examines the most important contribution of diazo compounds to the chemistry of carbenes and cycloadditions. Other chapters deal with structure, thermal behavior, acidic decomposition, spectroscopic properties, photochemistry of diazoalkenes, and synthetic methods. This book further discusses the qualitative and quantitative studies of the thermal stabilities of alkyl and aryl diazomethanes. The final chapter deals with the isotope-labeled diazo compounds that are of great importance for investigations of organic reaction mechanisms. This book is intended for chemists with an interest in the synthetic application of diazo compounds. Students and researchers engaged in the study of the physical properties of diazo compounds will find this book extremely useful.

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