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Elsevier

Libros en Química

  • Introduction to Chemical Kinetics

    • 1 Edición
    • Gordon Skinner
    • Inglés
    Introduction to Chemical Kinetics is a compilation of lecture notes of the author about principles, concepts, and theories in chemical kinetics. The book tackles the nature of chemical kinetics, reaction rates and order, and thermodynamic consistency of rate laws. The effects of temperature on kinetics, prediction of reaction rates, gas-phase reactions, and controlled reactions are also discussed. The text also explains the reactions catalyzed by enzymes; reactions in solids and heterogenous systems; oxidation of metals; catalysis of reactions by solids; and methods for different reaction rates. The monograph is recommended as a textbook for undergraduate students in chemistry who are currently taking up kinetics, as it is an easily understood and concise book that can also be used as reference.

  • Introductory Organic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • J.T. Gerig
    • Inglés
    Introductory Organic Chemistry provides a descriptive overview of organic chemistry and how modern organic chemistry is practiced. Organic compounds such as alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, cycloalkenes, and alkynes are covered, along with aromatic hydrocarbons, compounds derived from water and hydrogen sulfide, and compounds derived from ammonia. This book also explores organic reaction mechanisms and describes the use of molecular spectroscopy in studying the chemical structure of organic complexes. This text consists of 15 chapters and begins with a discussion on some fundamental ideas about organic chemistry, from the electronic structure of atoms to molecular structure, molecular orbitals, hybridization of atomic orbitals in carbon, chemical equilibrium, enthalpy, and acids and bases. The chapters that follow focus on the compounds of carbon such as alkanes and cycloalkanes; benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons; amines and other heterocyclic molecules; aldehydes and ketones; carboxylic acids and their derivatives; nucleic acids; amino acids; peptides; and proteins. The use of instrumentation methods in organic chemistry, particularly mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, is also considered. An account of the mechanisms of an organic reaction is presented, paying particular attention to displacement and elimination reactions. This book concludes with a commentary on how most of the amino acids, sugars, heterocyclic molecules, and fatty acids necessary for life processes could have been formed on Earth. This book is intended for nonmajors taking an introductory organic chemistry course of two quarters or one semester in length.

  • Fundamentals of Carbanion Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Donald J. Cram
    • Inglés
    Organic Chemistry, Volume 4: Fundamentals of Carbanion Chemistry provides information pertinent to carbanion chemistry. This book explores several topics, including carbonium ions, carbanions, carbenes, and carbon radicals. Comprised of six chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the variation of the kinetic and thermodynamic acidities of carbon acids with substituents and environments. This text then explores the methods of carbanion stabilization by substituents and discusses the various types of stabilization. Other chapters explain the stereochemistry of hydrogen–deuterium exchange and examine the stereochemistry of substitution reactions of organometallic compounds. This book discusses as well the structure and immediate environment of reaction intermediates through the use of stereochemical techniques. The final chapter considers the unsaturated anionic rearrangements of carbanions, carbonium ions, as well as carbon radicals and other rearrangements. Chemists, organic chemists, researchers, and graduate students interested in the field of carbanion chemistry will find this book extremely useful.

  • Recent Progress in Photobiology

    • 1 Edición
    • E Bowen
    • Inglés
    Recent Progress in Photobiology contains the proceedings of the Fourth International Photobiology Congress, held in Oxford on July 26-30, 1964 and organized by a committee set up by the British Photobiology Group. Contributors explore the developments in photobiology, particularly with respect to biological structures, chemical changes, and molecular energy. This volume is organized into 10 sections encompassing 33 chapters and begins with an overview of basic photochemical processes that have direct implications on photobiology. The next chapters discuss the photochemistry of nucleic acids and their derivatives, with some reference to their biological significance. The book also studies the visual processes in humans and animals; the structure, pigment chemistry, and function of photoreceptor systems of plant and animal cells; and receptor mechanisms in human vision. The natural photoenvironment and its influence on life and development is also explained, emphasizing how light shapes the ultimate fate of an organism in its habitat. The remaining chapters focus on energy conversion and photosynthesis; micro-irradiation of cells; photochemistry and photobiology of space research; light and melanin pigmentation of the skin; and the effect of light on plant and animal cells. This book will be of interest to biologists and physiologists, as well as to anyone engaged in photobiological research.

  • Activation Of Small Inorganic Molecules

    • 1 Edición
    • M.M. Taqui Khan
    • Inglés
    Homogeneous Catalysis by Metal Complexes, Volume I: Activation of Small Inorganic Molecules reviews and systematizes the chemistry of the metal ion activation of the small diatomic molecules. The book discusses the activation of molecular hydrogen, molecular oxygen, molecular nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide.

  • Physical Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry V3

    • 1 Edición
    • A Katritzky
    • Inglés
    Physical Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Volume III provides information pertinent to ionization constants and ultraviolet spectra. This book discusses the methods for the prediction of ionization constants. Comprised of seven chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the ionization constants of a number of heterocyclic compounds. This text then describes the procedures that are usually followed when molecular structure determinations based on electron diffraction measurements are carried out. Other chapters consider the concept of group frequencies, which rests upon the experimental fact that certain groups of atom give rise to vibrational transitions which are close or at the same frequency irrespective of the particular molecule in which the group occurs. The final chapter deals with the optical rotatory power, which is the only generally accessible physical property by which enantiomers can be distinguished in isolation. Heterocyclic chemists, biochemists, molecular biologists, and researchers will find this book extremely useful.

  • Techniques in Protein Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Tony Hugli
    • Inglés
    Techniques in Protein Chemistry compiles reports of methods and techniques presented at the second symposium of the Protein Society in August 1988. This book includes methods and applications in protein sequencing, advanced applications of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance technology, limitations of amino acid microanalysis, and advances in high-performance liquid chromatography. The structure of synthetic test peptide-3 (STP-3), a peptide designed to test the analytical limits of current technology in the field of protein chemistry is also elaborated. This publication is suited for chemists and researchers conducting work on the analytical techniques available for the molecular characterization of proteins.

  • Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods V3

    • 1 Edición
    • F.C. Nachod
    • Inglés
    Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods, Volume 3 is a seven-chapter text that describes the refinements of some established physical methods for organic structure determination. Each chapter of this book examines specific physical method, including photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, optical rotary dispersion, circular dichroism, mass spectrometry, and electron spin resonance and NMR spectroscopies. The historical developments, instrumentation, and applications to organic chemistry of these methods are discussed. This work will be of value to organic and analytical chemists and researchers.

  • Ozonation in Organic Chemistry V2

    Nonolefinic Compounds
    • 1 Edición
    • Philip S. Bailey
    • Inglés
    Ozonation in Organic Chemistry, Volume II: Nonolefinic Compounds discusses the reactions of ozone with organic compounds. The book presents the role of ozone in air pollution. It demonstrates the use of ozonation in wastewater purification, effects of ozone on biological systems, and degradation of rubber. The text describes the ozonation of acetylenic compounds, benzene, and substituted benzenes. It discusses the bond attack on benz-fused carbocyclics. Another topic of interest is the mechanism of ozonation of anthracene. The section that follows describes the electrophilic ozone attack on nitrogen. The book will provide valuable insights for chemists, environmentalists, students, and researchers in the field of organic chemistry.

  • Liquid Crystalline Order in Polymers

    • 1 Edición
    • Alexandre Blumstein
    • Inglés
    Liquid Crystalline Order in Polymers examines the topic of liquid crystalline order in systems containing rigid synthetic macromolecular chains. Each chapter of the book provides a review of one important area of the field. Chapter 1 discusses scattering in polymer systems with liquid crystalline order. It also introduces the field of liquid crystals. Chapter 2 treats the origin of liquid crystalline order in macromolecules by describing the in-depth study of conformation of such macromolecules in their unassociated state. The chapters that follow describe successively the liquid crystalline order in polymers with mesogenic side groups and rigid backbones, in polypeptides, and in block copolymers. Chapter 7 discusses the rheology of such systems. The last two chapters examine liquid crystalline order in biological materials and mesomorphic order in the realm of polymers with inorganic backbones. This book is intended to provide the polymer scientist, the materials scientist, and the biologist with a valuable source of information.

  • Oxidation in Organic Chemistry 5-D

    • 1 Edición
    • Walter Trahanovsky
    • Inglés
    Organic Chemistry, A Series of Monographs, Volume 5-D: Oxidation in Organic Chemistry is a four-chapter text that discusses the specific oxidants in oxidation reactions of organic compounds. Chapter I covers oxidations with lead tetraacetate, an oxidant that has been used widely for the selective oxidation of a variety of functional groups. Chapter II examines an oxidant that has a long and extensive history, the permanganate, with emphasis on phase transfer assisted permanganate oxidations. Chapter III discusses the intramolecular oxidative coupling of aromatic substrates, highlighting the utility of developed methods, such as vanadium oxytrifluoride oxidations, in the syntheses of complex natural products. Chapter IV describes the process of coal oxidation with emphasis on the selective oxidative degradation procedures as tools for characterization of coal structure. This text will be of value to organic chemists, researchers, teachers, and students who are interested in oxidation of organic compounds.

  • Synthetic Multidentate Macrocyclic Compounds

    • 1 Edición
    • Reed Izatt
    • Inglés
    Synthetic Multidentate Macrocyclic Compounds attempts to bring together selected chapters in which the authors discuss in depth investigations in important areas of macrocycle research. The chapters deal mainly with macrocyclic compounds (saturated polyethers and their derivatives), and macrobicyclic compounds (cryptates). The book contains six chapters and opens with a first-hand account of the initial synthesis of the cyclic polyethers. This is followed by separate chapters on the synthesis of cyclic polyethers, polyether amines, and polyether sulfides; the synthesis of multidentate compounds; and the structure of synthetic macrocyclic compounds and their cation complexes. Subsequent chapters deal with the rates of reactions and the mechanism by which synthetic macrocyclic ligands complex substrates in solution; and commercial applications of the synthetic macrocyclic ligands. This book is primarily aimed at researchers and students in organic, physical, analytical, and inorganic chemistry, and in chemical engineering. However, it will also be of interest to many in the areas of biology, biochemistry, and physiology. Extensive literature references are found in each chapter.

  • The Proton: Applications to Organic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Ross Stewart
    • Inglés
    The Proton: Applications to Organic Chemistry deals with several aspects of the proton drawn from organic chemistry. This book begins with an introductory chapter, followed by discussions on the strengths of neutral organic acids and neutral organic bases. The mode of transfer of hydrogen in its three forms—H+, H•, and H-, alternative sites of protonation or deprotonation of organic compounds, and acid-base chemistry of unstable and metastable species are also elaborated. This text concludes with a presentation of the activation induced in organic molecules by proton addition or removal and its catalytic effects. This publication is intended for practicing organic chemists and researchers conducting work on protons.

  • Chemistry and Technology of Silicones

    • 1 Edición
    • Walter Noll
    • Inglés
    Chemistry and Technology of Silicones retains the nature of a monograph despite its expanded scope, giving the reader in condensed form not only a wide-ranging but also a thorough review of this rapidly growing field. In contrast to some other monographs on organosilicon compounds that have appeared in the interim, the silicones occupy in this edition the central position, and the technological part of the work is entirely devoted to them. This book comprises 12 chapters, and begins with a general discussion of the chemistry and molecular structure of the silicones. The following chapters then discuss preparation of silanes with nonfunctional organic substituents; monomeric organosilicon compounds RnSiX4-n; and organosilanes with organofunctional groups. Other chapters cover preparation of polyorganosiloxanes; the polymeric organosiloxanes; other organosilicon polymers; production of technical silicone products from polyorganosiloxanes; properties of technical products; applications of technical silicone products in various branches of industry; esters of silicic acid; and analytical methods. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of molecular chemistry.

  • Reaction In Condensed Phases

    • 1 Edición
    • Henry Eyring
    • Inglés
    Physical Chemistry: An Advanced Treatise: Reactions in Condensed Phases, Volume VII, deals with reactions in condensed phases. The purpose of this treatise is to present a comprehensive treatment of physical chemistry for advanced students and investigators in a reasonably small number of volumes. An attempt has been made to include all important topics in physical chemistry together with borderline subjects which are of particular interest and importance. The book begins by discussing the basic principles of reaction rates in solution. This is followed by separate chapters on estimating the rate parameters of elementary reactions; the use of correlation diagrams to interpret organic reactions; perturbation of reaction rates by substituents; and inorganic reactions. Subsequent chapters cover the important field of free radicals, including chain reactions and solvent effects; heterogeneous catalysis; various types of surface reactions; surface annealing; electron reactions; nucleation; and radiation chemistry. The book presents a broad picture of current developments in reaction rates in condensed phases in a form accessible to all students of chemical kinetics. This treatment, by experts in widely different areas, will hopefully meet many student needs and provide a useful overview for all.

  • Excited States V3

    • 1 Edición
    • Edward Lim
    • Inglés
    Excited States, Volume 3 deals with excited states and covers topics ranging from two-photon molecular spectroscopy in liquids and gases to time evolution of excited molecular states. Product energy distributions in the dissociation of polyatomic molecules are also discussed, along with the mechanism of optical nuclear polarization in molecular crystals and vibronic interactions and luminescence in aromatic molecules with non-bonding electrons. Comprised of five chapters, this volume begins with a didactic treatment of the theory of simultaneous two-photon absorption spectroscopy from the point of view concerned primarily with molecular gases and liquids. The basic theoretical quantity is shown to be an absorption tensor, as contrasted with the absorption vector of one-photon spectroscopy. The next chapter considers the time evolution of a molecular system interacting with a photon wave packet. The theory is applied to handle photon scattering from several physical models for molecular level structure in excited electronic states of polyatomic molecules. The remaining chapters explore various polyatomic decomposition processes and the basic features governing the internal energy distribution of the fragments; optical nuclear polarization in molecular crystals and vibronic interactions; and luminescence in aromatic molecules with non-bonding electrons. This book should be of interest to chemists and molecular physicists.

  • Asymmetric Synthesis V1

    • 1 Edición
    • James Morrison
    • Inglés
    Asymmetric Synthesis, Volume 1: Analytical Methods covers the major analytical methods used to determine enantiomeric ratios. This volume contains chapters that discuss the methods used to obtain chiral compounds and shows how to evaluate the chiral efficiency of an asymmetric synthesis. Analytical methods such as polarimetry, competitive reaction methods, isotope dilution, gas and liquid chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance methods are also discussed. Chemists and researchers in the field of pharmaceutical will find the book very useful.

  • Chains, Clusters, Inclusion Compounds, Paramagnetic Labels, and Organic Rings

    • 1 Edición
    • P. Zanello
    • Inglés
    The role of stereochemistry to elucidate reaction patterns and physico-chemical properties in topical subjects ranging from inorganic to organic chemistry are treated in the fifth and final volume of this series. Detailed accounts are given to study: chaining in polyphosphates, electron-transfers in carbonyl clusters, inclusion of organometallic molecules in cyclodextrins, stereochemistry of paramagnetic metal complexes by labeling with nitroxyl radicals, stereocontrol in organic syntheses assisted by inorganic complexes.

  • Solid Acids and Bases

    Their Catalytic Properties
    • 1 Edición
    • Kozo Tanabe
    • Inglés
    Solid Acids and Bases: Their Catalytic Properties reviews developments in the studies of acidic and basic properties of solids, including the efficacy and special characteristics of solid acid and base catalysts. This book discusses the determination of basic and acidic properties on solid surfaces and relationship between acid strength and acid amount. The structure and acid-base properties of mixed metal oxides and correlation between acid-base properties and catalytic activity and selectivity are also deliberated. This publication is useful to professional chemists and graduate students in the fields of organic, inorganic and physical chemistry, petroleum chemistry and catalysis, including readers interested in the acidic and basic properties on solid surfaces.

  • The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes V5

    • 1 Edición
    • K Venkataraman
    • Inglés
    The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes, Volume V is a critical assessment of patent literature and scientific journals on the synthesis and applications of synthetic dyes. This volume contains eight chapters, and begins with a description of several interesting reactions involved in the synthesis of naphthoquinonoid dyes and pigments, followed by a discussion on the influence of coplanarity on the affinity of these dyes for cellulosic and synthetic fibers. The subsequent six chapters are devoted to the synthesis, reactions, properties, and applications of specific synthetic dyes, including acid anthraquinone, anthoquinonoid vat, phthalocyanine, phthalogen, organic, and hair dyes. The final chapter describes the fluorescent brightening agents and their close relationship to synthetic dyes. This book will prove useful to organic chemists and technologists who are concerned with the synthesis of dyes and their applications.

  • Determination Of Organic Structures By Physical Methods V6

    • 1 Edición
    • F.C. Nachod
    • Inglés
    Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods, Volume 6 is a six-chapter text that describes the refinements of some established physical methods for organic structure determination. The opening chapters examine the application of mass spectroscopy to amino acid sequencing of oligopeptides and the computerized organic structure retrieval. The following chapters discuss the historical developments, principles, instrumentation, and application of flash photolysis and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance to structure determination. A chapter considers the relevant theory from which information on internuclear distances can be obtained and the steady-state measurements, transient methods, as well as the use of Fourier transform technique. This chapter also explores the application of nuclear overhauser effect measurements to structural and stereochemical problems. The concluding chapter deals with the liquid crystal structure determination using NMR spectroscopy. This work will be of value to organic and analytical chemists and researchers.

  • Molecular Graphics on The IBM ® PC Microcomputer

    • 1 Edición
    • James Henkel
    • Inglés
    Molecular Graphics on the IBM® PC Microcomputer is a five-chapter manual that introduces the PC MODEL computer package and provides step-by-step instructions for using it. The PCMODEL is a program to draw and manipulate molecules in graphic form using the IBM® PC, PC/XT, PC/AT, PCjr, and true compatible personal computers. This package has a multitude of applications, including the study of conformations of organic molecules and the organization of organic and inorganic crystal lattices. This manual is organized into two sections, namely, the tutorial and reference parts. The first section is highly tutorial in nature because this is where one will need it most, whereas the later section is much less so because one will then be more in need of detailed reference material. This book will be of value to organic chemists and researchers.

  • The Porphyrins V1

    Structure and Synthesis, Part A
    • 1 Edición
    • David Dolphin
    • Inglés
    The Porphyrins, Volume I: Structure and Synthesis, Part Ais the first in a series of seven volumes and covers topics like nomenclature, purification, and structural determination of porphyrins, metalloporphyrins, and other related compounds. This volume serves to be a critical review of the topics covered and presents a complete and comprehensible discussion on the chemistry and biochemistry of porphyrins. The chapters in the text tackle the history and geochemistry of porphyrins and related systems. Also covered and discussed in the chapters is the synthesis of porphyrins from mono-, di-, and tetrapyrrolic intermediates. The isolation and modification of porphyrins from natural sources are also discussed. Other related compounds are also included, such as metallo-, aza-, and N-methylporphyrins, and their synthesis and properties. This book is a good introduction and reference for students studying in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry.

  • Organic Syntheses with Noble Metal Catalysts

    • 1 Edición
    • Paul N. Rylander
    • Inglés
    Organic Chemistry, Volume 28: Organic Syntheses with Noble Metal Catalysts provides information pertinent to the catalysis by noble metals, which is presented in a form as to be of use to those interested in organic synthesis. This book discusses the mechanistic aspects of reactions. Organized into nine chapters, this volume begins with an overview of catalytic dehydrogenation over platinum metals, which provides a convenient method for synthesis of organic compounds. This text then examines the mechanisms and kinetics of homogeneous hydrogenation. Other chapters consider the oxidation of organic compounds in the presence of noble metal catalysts that may affect a variety of changes, including introduction of alcohol, epoxide, carbonyl, and halogen functions into the molecule. This book discusses as well the differences between osmium tetroxide and ruthenium tetroxide in their reactions with organic compounds. The final chapter deals with noble metal catalysts. This book is a valuable resource for synthetic organic chemists.

  • Cycloaddition Reactions of Heterocumulenes

    • 1 Edición
    • Henri Ulrich
    • Inglés
    Cycloaddition Reactions of Heterocumulenes reviews cycloaddition reactions, particularly on hetercocumulenes having "four-electron" bonds. This book discusses the chemical relationship among the various classes of heterocumulenes, including their chemical reactivity which ranges from highly reactive species to nearly inert compounds. This text also investigates the nucleophilic reactions of ketenes and isocyanates with suitable substrates, and if possible, correlates available data with the reactivity of these species in cycloaddition reactions. This book also investigates the cycloaddition reactions of carbon suboxide and other aspects of its chemistry due to the presence of many other interrelated reactions. The synthetic organic chemist should also investigate the application of isocyanate reactions associated with the cumulative double bonds. This text investigates carbodiimides as useful reagents for peptide synthesis, and notes that the stability of carbodiimides increases significantly with sterical hindrance around the cumulative double bond system. This book discusses three compounds that have a central electrophilic carbon atom, namely, carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulfide, and carbon disulfide. The book also describes the cycloaddition reactions of sulfenes, of N-sulfinylamines, of N-sulfinylsulfonamid... and of sulfurdiimides. This book can prove useful for researchers, technicians, and scientists whose works involve organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and other related fields of chemistry.

  • A Textbook of Physical Chemistry

    • 2 Edición
    • Arthur Adamson
    • Inglés
    A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Second Edition serves as an introductory text to physical chemistry. Topics covered range from wave mechanics and chemical bonding to molecular spectroscopy and photochemistry; ideal and nonideal gases; the three laws of thermodynamics; thermochemistry; and solutions of nonelectrolytes. The kinetics of gas-phase reactions; colloids and macromolecules; and nuclear chemistry and radiochemistry are also discussed. This edition is comprised of 22 chapters; the first of which introduces the reader to the behavior of ideal and nonideal gases, with particular emphasis on the van der Waals equation. The discussion then turns to the kinetic molecular theory of gases and the application of the Boltzmann principle to the treatment of molar polarization; dipole and magnetic moments; the phenomenology of light absorption; and classical and statistical thermodynamics. The chapters that follow focus on the traditional sequence of chemical and phase equilibria, electrochemistry, and chemical kinetics in gas phase and solution phase. This book also considers wave mechanics and its applications; molecular spectroscopy and photochemistry; and the excited state, and then concludes with an analysis of crystal structure, colloid and polymer chemistry, and radio and nuclear chemistry. This reference material is intended primarily as an introductory text for students of physical chemistry.

  • Atmospheric Oxidation and Antioxidants

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen II
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • Inglés
    This volume examines the oxidation chemistry of carbon-based materials in more detail with emphasis on the technological phenomena that result from the attack of oxygen and the practical procedures developed to prevent them.

  • Molecular Properties V4

    • 1 Edición
    • Douglas Henderson
    • Inglés
    Physical Chemistry: An Advanced Treatise, Volume IV: Molecular Properties provides the aspects of the properties of single molecules and physical methods available for their determination. This book discusses linear polyatomic molecules, quantum-mechanical theory of vibrations, spectra of organic molecules, production and detection of free radicals, and force constants and molecular structure. The Hund's coupling cases for diatomic molecules, methods of measuring dipole moments, NMR spectra, and ESR spectra of organic species are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the applications of the Mössbauer effect, electric deflection experiments, and effects of intramolecular motions on diffraction patterns. This volume is intended for graduate and physical chemistry students interested in molecular properties.

  • Absorbent Polymer Technology

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 8
    • L. Brannon-Peppas + 1 más
    • Inglés
    In recent years, there has been a veritable explosion of research and development in consumer-oriented fields that utilize polymeric materials which absorb large amounts of water. These fields encompass the preparation, characterization and commercialization of separation systems, pharmaceutical and personal care products such as infant diapers, feminine products, incontinence products and many other related areas. The polymeric materials utilized in these applications are known as absorbent or superabsorbent materials because of their ability to swell rapidly and to retain large volumes of water, urine and other biological fluids.The aim of this book is to introduce the fundamentals of polymer structure and swelling as related to polymers used for these superabsorbent materials. In the field of absorbence, particular attention is given to crosslinked structures which swell to more than fifty times their initial weight in water or electrolytic solutions. The book also provides descriptions of novel applications of superabsorbent materials as well as a detailed analysis of water transport in crosslinked polymers.Absorbent Polymer Technology should be of interest to chemists, polymer scientists, chemical engineers, and industrial scientists working with swellable polymeric systems in personal care, pharmaceutical, agricultural waste treatment and separation industries.

  • Gaussian Basis Sets for Molecular Calculations

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 16
    • S. Huzinaga + 5 más
    • Inglés
    Physical Sciences Data, Volume 16: Gaussian Basis Sets for Molecular Calculations provides information pertinent to the Gaussian basis sets, with emphasis on lithium, radon, and important ions. This book discusses the polarization functions prepared for lithium through radon for further improvement of the basis sets. Organized into three chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the basis set for the most stable negative and positive ions. This text then explores the total atomic energies given by the basis sets. Other chapters consider the distinction between diffuse functions and polarization function. This book presents as well the exponents of polarization function. The final chapter deals with the Gaussian basis sets. This book is a valuable resource for chemists, scientists, and research workers.

  • Methods for Oxidation of Organic Compounds V2

    Alcohols, Alcohol Derivatives, Alky Halides, Nitroalkanes, Alkyl Azides, Carbonyl Compounds Hydroxyarenes and Aminoarenes
    • 1 Edición
    • Alan Haines
    • Inglés
    Methods for the Oxidation of Organic Compounds: Alcohols, Alcohol Derivatives, Alkyl Halides, Nitroalkanes, Alkyl Azides, Carbonyl Compounds, Hydroxyarenes and Aminoarenes describes the different methods used for the controlled oxidation of alcohols, alcohol derivatives, alkyl halides, nitroalkanes, alkyl azides, carbonyl compounds, hydroxyarenes, and aminoarenes. Most of the oxidative techniques considered are illustrated with detailed experimental procedures taken from the literature. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with a discussion on the oxidation of alcohols, with particular emphasis on the formation of carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acids. The following chapters focus on the oxidation of esters and alkyl halides; ethers, acetals, and metal derivatives of alcohols; amines, nitro compounds, and azides; carbonyl compounds; 1,2-diols and related compounds; and hydroxyarenes, aminoarenes, dihydroxyarenes, diaminoarenes, and aminohydroxyarenes. Methods such as catalytic oxidation, catalytic dehydrogenation, and electrochemical and biochemical oxidation are mentioned. This monograph should be of interest to organic chemists and research students.

  • Metal Complexes

    The Organic Chemistry of Palladium
    • 1 Edición
    • Peter Maitlis
    • Inglés
    The Organic Chemistry of Palladium, Volume 1: Metal Complexes deals with the number of organic reactions that can be catalyzed by palladium, particularly as regards the structures bonding, and reactions of the metal complexes. The book discusses monodentate ligands which are either neutral (carbonyls, isonitriles, carbenes) or anionic (methyl, phenyl, ethynyl, hydride). The text also examines the complexes formed by 1,3-. 1,4-, and 1,5-diolefins where four carbon atoms are bound to the metal. Palladium (II) can undergo a reaction with the 1,3-dienes and results in a ?-allylic complexes where only three carbon atoms are coordinated to the metal. (The bonding situation in complexes 1,4- and 1,5-dienes, where no great interaction between the olefins are similar to that in monoolefin complexes, is straightforward), Olefins can also react with palladium chloride in protic solvents to produce ketones (or aldehydes) or organic coupling products. Some experiments conducted by Huttel et al shows that some palladium was precipitated from the reactions giving lower yields, resulting in various aldehydes and ketones as by products. The book also discusses cyclopentadienyl and benzene complexes. The text can prove beneficial for researchers, investigators and scientists whose works involve organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry and inorganic chemistry.

  • Glass Science

    • 1 Edición
    • Wilhelm Eitel
    • Inglés
    Silicate Science, Volume VII: Glass Science reviews the advances made in silicate research from 1960 through 1970, with emphasis on glass science. Although much of the discussion is still based on the classic physical chemistry theories, an attempt is made to introduce the essential solid-state physics principles and to show how they can be applied to non-crystalline solids. The properties of many diverse vitreous materials are presented. Comprised of seven chapters, this volume begins with an overview of glass-forming elements and their compounds, paying particular attention to their general character as glass-forming phases. The properties of of chalcogenide glasses and non-silicate oxide glasses are also discussed. The next chapters focus on the viscosity of molten glass; the electrolytic conductivity of silicates; the specific volumina of glass melts; and specific applications of infrared spectroscopy to solving structure problems. The physical properties of glass, varied by thermal actions in the transformation and annealing ranges, are considered as well. The final chapter is devoted to miscellaneous additional constitution problems, with particular reference to the volatilization of lead silicate glasses from glass melts and vitreous semiconductors of chalcogenide glasses. This book will be of interest to mineralogists and crystallographers.

  • Multiplets of Transition-Metal Ions in Crystals

    • 1 Edición
    • Satoru Sugano
    • Inglés
    Multiplets of Transition-Metal Ions in Crystals provides information pertinent to ligand field theory. This book discusses the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and the theory of atomic spectra. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the qualitative nature of the splitting of the energy level as well as the angular behavior of the wavefunctions. This text then examines the problem of obtaining the energy eigenvalues and eigenstates of the two-electron systems, in which two electrons are accommodated in the t2g and eg shells in a variety of ways. Other chapters discuss the ligand-field potential, which is invariant to any symmetry operation in the group to which symmetry of the system belongs. This book discusses as well the approximate method of expressing molecular orbitals (MO) by a suitable linear combination of atomic orbitals (AO). The final chapter discusses the MO in molecules and the self-consistent field theory of Hartree–Fock. This book is a valuable resource for research physicists, chemists, electronic engineers, and graduate students.

  • The Proteins Pt 3

    • 3 Edición
    • Hans Neurath
    • Inglés
    The Proteins, Volume III, Third Edition deals with the structure of proteins in terms of composition, amino acid sequence, and three-dimensional conformation. Special consideration is given to sulfur and the sulfur-containing amino acids because of their unique contribution to the structure and reactivity of certain proteins. The book reviews the strategies and procedures for determining the amino acid sequence of a protein. The "spinning-cup" sequenator method of Edman and Begg; the role of sulfur in proteins; and the three-dimensional structure of some crystalline proteins by X-ray diffraction analysis are covered as well. Protein chemists, medical and biological researchers, and students who require more knowledge of protein chemistry will find the book extremely useful.

  • Survey of Progress in Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Gene Wubbels
    • Inglés
    Survey of Progress in Chemistry, Volume 10 provides information pertinent to the essential developments in chemistry. This book discusses the several topics related to chemistry, including catalysis, surface chemistry, stereochemistry, mobility of ligands, Belousov reaction, Wittig reaction, and ylides. Organized into four chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the importance of the selective catalytic conversion of a reactant into a particular product. This text then examines the hydrogenolysis of cyclopropane and ethane over supported metal catalysts. Other chapters consider the related reactions over single-crystal surfaces of Ir, Ni, Pt, and Ru. This book discusses as well the details of the interaction of hydrogen with clean surfaces. The final chapter deals with ylides of phosphorus and related elements, which are powerful ligands for both transition metals and main group elements. This book is a valuable resource for college and university teachers, advanced students, and industrial and academic chemists.

  • Polymers as Aids in Organic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • N.K Mather
    • Inglés
    Polymers as Aids in Organic Chemistry covers the broad classifications and application of polymers in organic chemistry. This book is organized into 15 chapters that focus on the transformation of polymers and their role in other reagents that must be easily separated from their final product. After a brief introduction to polymer chemistry, the book presents a tabulation of the various types of polymers that have been used and the methods for their characterization. It then discusses the use of polymers as supports in peptide, oligonucleotide, and oligosaccharide chemistry; in peptide sequencing; in monofunctionalized difunctional compounds preparation, as aids in asymmetric syntheses; and as trapping agents in the determination of reaction intermediates. The subsequent chapters describe the use of polymers as catalysts, with particular emphasis on transition metals immobilized in the polymer matrix and used as catalysts. The concluding chapters examine polymer-immobilized compounds, enzymes, and whole cells that have been used to carry out a large number of reaction, most of which impinge on the area of organic chemistry. Polymer scientists and researchers and organic chemists will find this book invaluable.

  • Superionic Solids And Solid Electrolytes Recent Trends

    • 1 Edición
    • Amulya Laskar
    • Inglés
    Superionic Solids and Solid Electrolytes: Recent Trends describes the fundamental aspects, unique properties, and potential applications of superionic solids and solid electrolytes. These materials significantly contribute to the development of the solid state ionics technology. This book is divided into 17 chapters, and begins with an overview of various materials, such as glasses, heterogeneous or dispersed phase conductors, proton conductors, Nasicon, and fluorites. These topics are followed by a discussion on the problems related with entropy effects, subsurface space charge, and defect formation parameters. Significant chapters deal with the phenomenological, fractal, molecular dynamics, fluctuations, and correlations in superionic solid and solid electrolyte materials. A chapter tackles the solid state battery applications of solid electrolytes. This text ends with a chapter on the prediction of the potentials of activity in superionics. This book will be of value to graduate students and researchers who are interested in the solid state ionics technology.

  • Photothermal Investigations of Solids and Fluids

    • 1 Edición
    • J Sell
    • Inglés
    Photothermal Investigations of Solids and Fluids discusses photothermal optical diagnostic techniques in the study of solids and fluids, which involve areas of photothermal spectroscopy, imaging, and velocimetry. This book explores the development of lasers as powerful and convenient sources of localized energy. Organized into 10 chapters, this monograph begins with an overview of photothermal spectroscopy as the field in which the nature of matter is probed using optical excitation of a medium and optical probing of the thermal energy that results from this excitation. This book then provides the reader with a link between the physics applicable to the photothermal experiments and the methodology involved in such investigation. Other chapters examine the experimental photothermal detectors that are constructed for use in most forms of chromatography and electrophoresis. The final chapter deals with several promising spectroscopies, including photothermal interferometry, photothermal modulation of Mie scattering, and photophoretic spectroscopy. Graduate students, professors, and research scientists will find this monograph extremely useful.

  • Plasma Polymerization

    • 1 Edición
    • H K Yasuda
    • Inglés
    Plasma Polymerization aims to bridge the conceptual gap between the academic and practical approaches to plasma polymerization and highlights the significance of plasma polymerization in materials science and technology. The major topics covered are gas-phase kinetics, ionization of gases, fundamentals of polymerization, mechanism of polymer formation in plasma, competitive aspects of polymer formation and ablation, mechanism of polymer deposition, operational factors of plasma polymerization, and electrical properties of plasma polymers. This book is comprised of 11 chapters and begins with a brief overview of plasma polymerization and its growing importance for the formation of entirely new kinds of materials. The discussion then shifts to a comparison between plasma-state polymerization and plasma-induced polymerization, between plasma polymerization and graft polymerization, and between plasma polymerization and radiation polymerization. The reader is also introduced to fundamental aspects of gas-phase reactions, paying particular attention to the classical kinetic theory of gas, as well as the mechanisms of formation of polymeric materials in plasma, competitive ablation and polymer formation in plasma, and polymer deposition in plasma polymerization. The operational parameters of plasma polymerization are described and a chapter devoted to the electrical properties of plasma-polymerized thin organic films concludes the book. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of material science.

  • Relaxation kinetics

    • 1 Edición
    • Claude Bernasconi
    • Inglés
    Relaxation Kinetics focuses on the theory of relaxation kinetics (also known as chemical relaxation) and the experimental techniques used in the study of fast reactions. Topics covered include relaxation times in single-step, two-step, and multistep systems; small perturbations; and relaxation amplitudes in single-step and multistep systems. Chemical relaxation in complex systems is also described, and a complete solution of the relaxation equation is presented. This book is comprised of 16 chapters divided into two sections and begins with an overview of the basic principles of chemical relaxation, including the linearization of rate equations, relaxation times, and transient and stationary relaxation methods. The following chapters explore relaxation times in single-step, two-step, and multistep systems, as well as relaxation amplitudes in single-step and multistep systems. The possibility of linearization of a rate equation for ""small"" perturbations is then considered, along with the derivation of the complete relaxation equation. The next chapter discusses transient relaxation techniques and explains how the data are analyzed for the stationary techniques when dealing with the specific techniques. The second section is devoted to experimental techniques such as the temperature-jump method, the electric field-jump method, and the concentration-jump method. Ultrasonic techniques and stationary electric field methods are also described. This monograph will be a valuable resource for chemists and physicists.

  • Dielectrics in Time-Dependent Fields

    • 2 Edición
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • Inglés
    Theory of Electric Polarization, Volume II: Dielectrics in Time-Dependent Fields focuses on the processes, reactions, and principles involved in the application of dielectrics in time-dependent fields, as well as the Kerr effect, statistical mechanics, and polarization. The publication first examines the phenomenological theory of linear dielectrics in time-dependent fields; empirical description of dielectric relaxation; and the relationship between macroscopic and molecular dielectric relaxation behavior. Concerns cover the relationship between macroscopic and microscopic correlation functions; statistical mechanics of linear dissipative systems and the relationship between response functions and correlation functions; superpositions of distribution functions; and the use of complex dielectric constant in problems with time-dependent field sources. The book then ponders on the dipole correlation function, polarization in the infrared and optical frequency range, and the Kerr effect and related phenomena. Discussions focus on the Kerr effect in condensed systems, extensions of the Kerr effect, extrapolation of the refractive index to infinite wavelength, results obtained from computer simulations, rotational diffusion, and general aspects of molecular reorientation. The manuscript tackles the dielectric properties of molecular solids and liquid crystals and experimental determination of permanent dipole and quadrupole moments. The text is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in the application of dielectrics in time-dependent fields.

  • Catalytic Reactions

    The Organic Chemistry of Palladium
    • 1 Edición
    • Peter Maitlis
    • Inglés
    The Organic Chemistry of Palladium, Volume I1: Catalytic Reactions deals with organic transformations resulting from palladium complexes either stoichiometrically or catalytically. One feature of a reaction catalyzed by transition metals is the absence of evidence for the typical reactive intermediates of organic chemistry, carbanions, and carbonium ions. This lack of evidence is due to the metal acting both as a source and a sink of electrons that result in energetically unfavorable ionic intermediaries. The book explains that palladium (II) can induce C-O bond formation. These reactions involve oxidation of the organic substrate and reduces the Pd(II) to metal, and are not catalytic. Industrial applications can re-oxidize the palladium metal back to Pd(II) in situ, making the reactions catalytic. The text also discusses certain reactions that can form C-O bonds as part of an oxidative process. The book also describes significant reactions that can be catalyzed by palladium metal, such as in the hydrogenation of multiple bonds, in the carbonylation of certain olefins and acetylenes, and in the catalytic cracking of high molecular weight hydrocarbons. Organic chemists, analytical chemists, investigators, and scientists whose works involve physical or inorganic chemistry will find the book truly useful.

  • Second Quantization-Based Methods in Quantum Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Poul Joergensen
    • Inglés
    Second Quantization-Based Methods in Quantum Chemistry presents several modern quantum chemical tools that are being applied to electronic states of atoms and molecules. Organized into six chapters, the book emphasizes the quantum chemical methods whose developments and implementations have been presented in the language of second quantization. The opening chapter of the book examines the representation of the electronic Hamiltonian, other quantum-mechanical operators, and state vectors in the second-quantization language. This chapter also describes the unitary transformations among orthonormal orbitals in an especially convenient manner. In subsequent chapters, various tools of second quantization are used to describe many approximation techniques, such as Hartree-Fock, perturbation theory, configuration interaction, multiconfigurational Hartree-Fock, cluster methods, and Green’s function. This book is an invaluable source for researchers in quantum chemistry and for graduate-level students who have already taken introductory courses that cover the fundamentals of quantum mechanics through the Hartree-Fock method as applied to atoms and molecules.

  • Anelastic Relaxation In Crystalline Solids

    • 1 Edición
    • A.S. Nowick
    • Inglés
    Anelastic Relaxation in Crystalline Solids provides an overview of anelasticity in crystals. This book discusses the various physical and chemical phenomena in crystalline solids. Comprised of 20 chapters, this volume begins with a discussion on the formal theory of anelasticity, and then explores the anelastic behavior, which is a manifestation of internal relaxation process. This text lays the groundwork for the formal theory by introducing the postulates. Other chapters explore the different dynamical methods that are frequently used in studying anelasticity. The reader is then introduced to the physical origin of anelastic relaxation process in terms of atomic model. This text also discusses the various types of point defects in crystals, including elementary point defects, composite defects, and self-interstitial defects. The final chapter provides relevant information on the various frequency ranges used in the study. This book is intended for crystallographers, mechanical engineers, metallurgical engineers, solid-state physicists, materials scientists, and researchers.

  • Strategies and Tactics In Organic Synthesis

    • 1 Edición
    • Thomas Lindberg
    • Inglés
    Strategies and Tactics in Organic Synthesis presents the chronological development of ideas and experimentation in organic synthesis. This book is organized into 13 chapters that explore the synthetic pathways of various organic compounds. The first four chapters describe the variations in the synthesis of superphane, gibberellic acid, prostaglandin, and alkaloids. The following chapters cover the organic synthesis and biosynthesis of tylonolide, endiandric acids A-G, dodecahedrane, fomannosin, and illudol. A chapter focuses on the evolution of the total synthesis of jatrophone, an architecturally interesting macrocyclic diterpene extracted from Jatropha gossypiifolia. Another chapter discusses the heuristic principle for the stereorationale design of alkaloid syntheses. The remaining chapters discuss the approach to the total synthesis of steroids, streptonigrin, methynolide, and Prelog-Djerassi lactonic acid. Organic chemists, teachers, and students will find this book of great value.

  • Chemistry of Free Atoms and Particles

    • 1 Edición
    • Kenneth Klabunde
    • Inglés
    Chemistry of Free Atoms and Particles covers the chemistry of metal atoms and metallic molecules or fragments. This book contains 10 chapters that are organized on the basis of the Periodic Chart. Each group of elements is separated into a discussion of first the free atoms, followed by a discussion of reactive molecular forms of metal halides, oxides, and sulfides. These sections are further broken down into subsections on ""Occurrence, Properties, and Techniques"" followed by ""Chemistry"". The ""Chemistry"" sections are further divided into several headings, including abstraction, electron-transfer, oxidative addition, simple orbital mixing, substitution, disproportional and ligand transfer, and cluster formation processes. This book will be of value to chemistry researchers, teachers, and students.

  • Chain Structure and Conformation of Macromolecules

    • 1 Edición
    • Frank Bovey
    • Inglés
    Chain Structure and Conformation of Macromolecules provides an introduction to the chain structures of synthetic polymers and their determination in solution and in the solid state. This book discusses the synthetic methods and polymerization mechanisms. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the brief history of the macromolecular concept and of stereochemical and geometrical isomerism in synthetic polymer chains. This text then introduces vibrational spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Other chapters consider the geometric isomerism in diene copolymers as well as the rotational isomeric state method of calculation of polymer chain dimensions. This book discusses as well copolymerization and the measurement of copolymer structure. The final chapter deals with the NMR observation of polymers in the solid state by the method of magic angle spinning, by which both dynamic measurements and high resolution structural information are possible. This book is a valuable resource for organic chemists, chemical engineers, and research workers.

  • The Organic Chemistry of Nickel

    Organonickel Complexes
    • 1 Edición
    • P.W. Jolly
    • Inglés
    The Organic Chemistry of Nickel, Volume I: Organonickel Complexes is devoted to a description of the organonickel complexes. The major goal is to provide a reference work, and for this reason a conventional layout has been adopted with separate chapters devoted to each type of organic ligand. In the interest of readability, known compounds have been assembled in tables at the end of each chapter, thereby allowing the text to be used for discussions of the general chemistry involved and to highlight the special reactions associated with nickel. Conscious of the needs of organometallic chemists, the authors included systems in which no nickel-carbon bond is involved. Among these is a chapter on the tetrakisligand nickel complexes and sections on dioxygen and azobenzene complexes. The nitrosyl complexes and complexes containing a metal-metal bond—topics frequently considered to be part of the domain of the organometallic chemist—have not received individual attention. Tables of the observed bond distances in organonickel complexes are provided as an Appendix; a short list of the more important review articles relevant to each organic ligand can be found at the end of each chapter.

  • Chitin, Chitosan, and Related Enzymes

    • 1 Edición
    • John Zikakis
    • Inglés
    Chitin, Chitosan, and Related Enzymes documents the proceedings of a four-day joint United States-Japan seminar held at the University of Delaware. The said seminar is aimed to explore the potential of the application of chitin, chitosan, and related products in different scientific fields. The book is divided into six parts. Part I covers the application of chitin and chitosan to pharmaceutical preparations. Part II discusses the applications of chitin and its derivatives. Part III features chitin and chitosan in relation to enzymology and genetic engineering. Respectively covered in Parts IV, V, and VI are the chemical and physical structure of chitin and chitosan; biochemical and physiological properties of chitin and its derivatives; the effects of phosphate on chitin production; and the development of chitin as a suture as well as for orthopedic uses. The text is recommended for biochemists who would like to know more or make further studies about the different applications of chitin, chitosan, and related enzymes.

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