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Elsevier

Libros en Química

  • Diatomic Molecules

    Results of ab Initio Calculations
    • 1 Edición
    • Robert Mulliken
    • Inglés
    Diatomic Molecules: Results of Ab Initio Calculations provides the results obtained from quantum-mechanical calculations on the electronic structure of diatomic molecules. This six-chapter text also discusses the related concepts of ab initio calculation methods. This book considers first the primary methods used in the computation of molecular wave functions and of related properties. This topic is followed by discussions on the linear combination of atomic orbital and linear combination of mixed atomic orbital approximations and basis sets; electronic population analysis; spectroscopic transition probabilities; and the nature of chemical bonding. The remaining chapters examine the features of various theories that become prominent when two or more electrons are present, or are important in hydrides or homopolar and heteropolar molecules. This text will be of great value to organic and inorganic chemists and physicists.

  • Microchemistry

    Spectroscopy and Chemistry in Small Domains
    • 1 Edición
    • H. Masuhara + 3 más
    • Inglés
    Microchemistry is an interdisciplinary area in which relevant results are presented and published in a range of fields including spectroscopy, optics, applied physics, electrochemistry and polymer science. This volume collects for the first time all the latest research and results and classifies them into five parts. Optical micromanipulation and creation, microfabrication and functionalization and dynamic microspectroscopy are novel methodologies for microchemistry where exploratory ideas and future perspectives are included. Microphotochemistry and microelectrochemistr... and microphotoconversion are concerned with the relaxation dynamics and chemical reactions in small domains. This comprehensive, up-to-date review of the field will be of great interest to scientists and students working in these areas.

  • Frontiers of Free Radical Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • William Pryor
    • Inglés
    Frontiers of Free Radical Chemistry covers the proceedings of the 1979 symposium on Frontiers of Free Radical Chemistry, held in Louisiana State University Chemistry Department, supported by the Exxon Education Foundation. The contributors discuss the mechanisms of hydrocarbon cracking; oxidation processes; inhibition; and the theory of organic radical reactions, halogenations, and organic peroxide chemistry. This book is organized into three parts encompassing 15 chapters. Part I deals with the understanding of molecular and free radical mechanisms in predicting thermochemical data for radicals and molecules. This part also describes the relationship between distortions of organic molecules and the reactions of pericyclic, ionic, and radical molecules. Part II presents quantitative evaluations of gas phase reactions or carbynes and hydrocarbon pyrolysis and cracking. Discussions on the reactions of free atoms and radicals in the chemistry of the stratosphere and natural troposphere, with an emphasis on the ozone layer and its potential depletion by artificial pollutants, are included in this part. Part III explores the pertinent free radical reactions related to fuel research. Petroleum chemists, researchers, and engineers will find this book invaluable.

  • The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents III

    • 1 Edición
    • J.J. Lagowski
    • Inglés
    The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents, Volume III: Inert, Aprotic, and Acidic Solvents is a compilation of critical surveys of specific solvent systems. The compendium contains discussions on the solution chemistry of sulfur dioxide and acyl halides; the solvent properties of hydrogen sulfide and carboxylic acids; and the Bronsted acid-base behavior in inert organic solvents. Chemists, researchers, and students of chemistry and chemical engineering will find the book a good reference material.

  • Chemical Bonds - Better Ways to Make Them and Break Them

    • 1 Edición
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • Inglés
    Stereochemistry of Organometallic and Inorganic Compounds, Volume 3: Chemical Bonds—Better Ways to Make Them and Break Them focuses on the processes, methodologies, reactions, and approaches involved in the making and breaking of bonds. The selection first tackles heterometallic clusters in catalysis and steric and electronic effects on the photochemical reactions of metal-metal bonded carbonyls. Discussions focus on heterodinuclear metal carbonyls, hybrid catalysts prepared from molecular mixed-metal clusters, and heterometallic clusters in homogeneous catalysis. The book then examines the stereochemical aspects of organometallic clusters, including reactivity, dynamics, and the structures and rationalization of bonding in alkyne-substituted clusters. The publication takes a look at the stereochemistry of the Sakurai reaction, as well as intermolecular and intramolecular reactions, optically active allylsilanes, and other reactions. The selection is a highly recommended source of data for chemists and readers interested in the making and breaking of chemical bonds.

  • Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide

    • 1 Edición
    • B.P. Sullivan + 2 más
    • Inglés
    The recycling of atmospheric molecules for use as fuels and chemicals is a goal which can only be achieved through a deeper understanding of catalytic processes, particularly electrocatalysis whereby redox transformations can be interfaced with solar or nuclear energy input. Carbon dioxide is a prototypical small molecule in many regards since it is chemically inert. In addition, because of the likely role of carbon dioxide in global temperature cycles, it will be imperative in the future to regulate the output from industrial processes. The purpose of this book is to present a unified discussion of the carbon dioxide chemistry which is necessary for the understanding and design of electrochemically-dr... processes for the reduction of carbon dioxide and to provide an impetus for the further development of electrocatalytic carbon dioxide chemistry.

  • Organometallic Mechanisms and Catalysis

    The Role of Reactive Intermediates in Organic Processes
    • 1 Edición
    • Jay Kochi
    • Inglés
    Organometallic Mechanisms and Catalysis: The Role of Reactive Intermediates in Organic Processes covers the mechanistic delineation of organometallic chemistry and catalysis. This book is organized into three parts encompassing 18 chapters. The first part describes first the oxidation-reduction process of organometals, followed by discussions on the catalytic reactions of peroxides, metal-catalyzed addition to olefins, and reduction of organic halides. This part also explores other reactions involving transition metal carbonyls and metal-catalyzed reactions of aromatic diazonium salts. The second part deals with some chemical aspects of organometals, such as their stability, thermochemistry, decomposition, hemolytic pathways, and the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. The third part examines the charge transfer processes and interactions of organometals with electron acceptors. This part further looks into the cleavage and insertion reactions of organometals with electrophiles, as well as the electrophilic and electron transfer mechanisms of organometals. Organic and inorganic chemists, teachers, and students will greatly benefit from this book.

  • Colloid Formation and Growth a Chemical Kinetics Approach

    • 1 Edición
    • Julian Heicklen
    • Inglés
    Colloid Formation and Growth: A Chemical Kinetics Approach focuses on the science of colloid dynamics developed from the viewpoint of chemical kinetics. This book is composed of seven chapters and begins with a discussion of the two physical loss problems of kinetic interest, namely, the diffusional loss to the walls of reaction system and gravitational settling. Considerable chapters describe the processes of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, condensation, coagulation, vaporization, and spontaneous fracture. These chapters provide simplified, easy-to-use, approximate formulas for these processes. The final chapter emphasizes the calculation of accommodation coefficients of clean liquids, small solid particles, and large solid crystalline. This book will be of great value to applied chemists, and researchers.

  • Aerosols and Atmospheric Chemistry

    The Kendall Award Symposium Honoring Professor Milton Kerker
    • 1 Edición
    • Milton Kerker
    • Inglés
    Aerosols and Atmospheric Chemistry is a collection of papers presented at the American Chemical Society Kendall Award Symposium honoring Professor Milton Kerker, held in Los Angeles, California, on March 28-April 2, 1971. Contributors focus on the physical chemistry of aerosols and their relationship to atmospheric chemistry. Topics covered range from the optical and dynamical properties of aerosols to the kinetics of growth of an aerosol in a flow reactor. The formation and chemical reactions of atmospheric particles are also discussed. This book is comprised of 30 chapters and begins with an overview of some of the optical and dynamical properties of aerosols, along with the preparation of submicron aerosols by condensation. The discussion then turns to the formation and properties of neutral ultrafine particles and small ions conditioned by gaseous impurities of the air; preparation of ultrafine metal oxide particles in a hydrogen-oxygen flame; production of aerosols by X-rays; and condensational growth of atmospheric aerosols. A comparison of synthetic and smog aerosols is also presented. The final section is devoted to the Los Angeles (Pasadena) Smog Project—its genesis, objectives, and scope—and provides a detailed description of the Minnesota Aerosol Analyzing System used in the project. This monograph will be a useful resource for chemists as well as students and researchers interested in aerosol and atmospheric chemistry.

  • Identification of Essential Oils by Ion trap Mass Spectroscopy

    • 1 Edición
    • Robert P. Adams
    • Inglés
    This handbook presents the ion trap mass spectra of the most common terpenes (hydrocarbons found in oils, resins, and balsams) found in nature, including relative retention/elution times, an extensive synonymy of common and IUPAC names, CAS registry numbers, molecular formulas, and structures.

  • Chromatographic Systems

    Maintenance And Troubleshooting
    • 2 Edición
    • John Q. Walker
    • Inglés
    Chromatographic Systems: Maintenance and Troubleshooting, Second Edition provides a clear and concise guide for chromatographic maintenance. This book covers troubleshooting and repair procedures that can be utilized by both experienced and inexperienced chemists and technicians to reduce instrument down-time. This edition is divided into two parts. Part I focuses on liquid chromatography, which consists of an introductory chapter on principles, techniques, and utility, followed by specific chapters devoted to the individual systems comprising the total liquid chromatographic makeup. Gas chromatography is emphasized in Part II, introducing the basic theory and analyzing the systematic progression through possible malfunctions in various parts of the gas chromatograph. This publication is a good source for chromatographers, scientists, chemists, and technicians interested in the maintenance and troubleshooting of chromatographic systems.

  • Phase Theory

    • 1 Edición
    • H.A.J. Oonk
    • Inglés
    Studies in Modern Thermodynamics, 3: Phase Theory: The Thermodynamics of Heterogeneous Equilibria focuses on the processes, methodologies, principles, and approaches employed in the determination of the thermodynamics of heterogeneous equilibria. The publication first elaborates on thermodynamic background, phase rule, and general relations for binary equilibria. Discussions focus on linear contributions, G-curves and phase diagram, function changes, Clapeyron's equation, derivation of phase rule, pressure and temperature, heat capacity, enthalpy, and Gibbs energy. The manuscript then examines demixing, isothermal liquid-vapor equilibria, isobaric equilibria between two mixed states, and isobaric equilibria between unmixed solid and mixed liquid state. Topics include phase diagrams, pure solid component with liquid mixture, equilibrium between two ideal states, calculation of phase diagrams, and types of phase diagram. The text ponders on the interpretation of TX phase diagrams and retrograde equilibrium curves, including retrograde solubility, regions of demixing, excess parameters, and eutectic systems. The publication is a valuable reference for researchers wanting to dig deeper into the thermodynamics of heterogeneous equilibria.

  • Diffusion in Crystalline Solids

    • 1 Edición
    • G E Murch
    • Inglés
    Diffusion in Crystalline Solids addresses some of the most active areas of research on diffusion in crystalline solids. Topics covered include measurement of tracer diffusion coefficients in solids, diffusion in silicon and germanium, atom transport in oxides of the fluorite structure, tracer diffusion in concentrated alloys, diffusion in dislocations, grain boundary diffusion mechanisms in metals, and the use of the Monte Carlo Method to simulate diffusion kinetics. This book is made up of eight chapters and begins with an introduction to the measurement of diffusion coefficients with radioisotopes. The following three chapters consider diffusion in materials of substantial technological importance such as silicon and germanium. Atomic transport in oxides of the fluorite structure is described, and diffusion in concentrated alloys, including intermetallic compounds, is analyzed. The next two chapters delve into diffusion along short-circuiting paths, focusing on the effect of diffusion down dislocations on the form of the tracer concentration profile. The book also discusses the mechanisms of diffusion in grain boundaries in metals by invoking considerable work done on grain-boundary structure. The last two chapters are concerned with computer simulation, paying particular attention to machine calculations and the Monte Carlo method. The book concludes by exploring the fundamental atomic migration process and presenting some state-of-the-art calculations for defect energies and the topology of the saddle surface. Students and researchers of material science will find this book extremely useful.

  • Quantitative Analysis of Steroids

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 5
    • S. Görög
    • Inglés
    Studies in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 5: Quantitative Analysis of Steroids covers the pharmaceutical aspects of the analysis of steroid hormones. This book is divided into nine chapters that examine the biological-clinical analysis of other important groups of steroids, including sterols, vitamin D, bile acids, cardiac glycosides, and sapogenins. The material in the book is classified according to the main groups of steroids, individual chapters being devoted to sex hormones, corticosteroids, sterols, vitamins D, bile acids, cardiac glycosides, sapogenins, and miscellaneous steroids. The structure of each chapter is the same. In section 1 the fundamentals of the chemistry of the group of steroids in question are outlined. Section 2 provides a detailed description of the use of various spectroscopic, chromatographic, protein-binding and other methods, while Section 3 deals with the main problems encountered in the analysis of the group of steroids in question and with their solution using the methods described in Section 2. This book will prove useful to steroid and analytical chemists.

  • Stereochemical and Stereophysical Behaviour of Macrocycles

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 2
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • Inglés
    Stereochemical and Stereophysical Behavior of Macrocycles deals with the stereochemical and stereophysical properties of macrocyclic ligands and their coordination compounds. More specifically, the stereochemistry of metallic macrocyclics is discussed, along with the relationship between the thermodynamics and stereochemistry of macrocyclics and cryptates. The stereochemical aspects of the macrocycles of second and third row transition elements are also examined. Comprised of three chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to the stereochemistry of metallic macrocyclics as well as their structure, together with the conformation of their chemical rings and the steric effects of their coordination geometry. The next chapter considers the relationship between the thermodynamics and stereochemistry of macrocyclics and cryptates, with particular reference to the macrocyclic and cryptate effect. Cation-ligand interactions and solvent effects upon complex formation are described, along with macrocyclic and macrobicyclic ligands having different donor atoms. The final chapter is devoted to the stereochemical aspects of the macrocycles of transition metal ions, with additional comments on the stereochemistry of copper and nickel in unusual oxidation states. This book will be of interest to inorganic chemists.

  • Research in Chemical Kinetics

    • 1 Edición
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • Inglés
    This series of volumes aims to publish authoritative review articles on a wide range of exciting and contemporary topics in gas and condensed phase kinetics. Research in Chemical Kinetics complements the acclaimed series Comprehensive Chemical Kinetics, and is edited by the same team of professionals.The reviews contained in this volume are concise, topical accounts of specific research written by acknowledged experts. The authors summarize their latest work and place it in a general context. Particular strengths of the volume are the quality of the contributions and their topicality, and the rapid publication realized.

  • Research in Chemical Kinetics

    • 1 Edición
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • Inglés
    This is the second volume in a new series, which aims to publish authoritative review articles on a wide range of exciting and contemporary topics in gas and condensed phase kinetics. Research in Chemical Kinetics complements the acclaimed series Comprehensive Chemical Kinetics, and is edited by the same team of professionals.The reviews contained in this volume are concise, topical accounts of specific research written by acknowledged experts. The authors summarize their latest work and place it in a general context. Particular strengths of the volume are the quality of the contributions and their topicality, and the rapid publication realized.

  • Phase Transfer Catalysis

    Principles and Techniques
    • 1 Edición
    • Charles Liotta
    • Inglés
    Phase Transfer Catalysis: Principles and Techniques outlines the theory, mechanism, and kinetics of the phase transfer catalysis (PTC) process. This book surveys the principal reaction types that have employed the PTC, including the typical experimental procedures for preparing catalysts and conducting representative types of chemical reactions. This compilation discusses the transfer of anions from aqueous to organic phases, macrocyclic ethers as phase transfer catalysts, halide displacement reactions, and Darzen’s reaction with chloroacetonitrile. The dihalocarbene insertion reactions into C-H bonds, Wittig reaction with aqueous sodium hydroxide, and phase transfer catalyzed oxidation and reduction reactions are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the deuterium exchange of active hydrogens and thiolation with organic thiocyanates. This publication is beneficial to chemists and students studying the principles and techniques related to PTC.

  • Azides and Nitrenes

    Reactivity and Utility
    • 1 Edición
    • Eric Scriven
    • Inglés
    Azides and Nitrenes: Reactivity and Utility provides information pertinent to the fundamentals aspects of the chemistry of azides and nitrenes. This book discusses the mechanism and synthetic applications of alkyl azides. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the properties and chemistry of alkyl azides and alkylnitrenes. This text then examines the various pathways to the preparation of vinyl azides. Other chapters consider the magnetic resonance spectrum of phenyl azide, which may be taken as a representative to which more complex examples can be related. This book discusses as well the acyl azides and acylnitrenes that have their nitrogen function attached to electron-withdrawing groups not possessing a heteroatom bearing an unshared electron pair next to the nitrogen function. The final chapter deals with the main uses for organic azides involved in photochemical cross-linking of polymeric systems. This book is a valuable resource for chemists, spectroscopists, and theoreticians.

  • Computational Statistical Mechanics

    • 1 Edición
    • W.G. Hoover
    • Inglés
    Computational Statistical Mechanics describes the use of fast computers to simulate the equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of gases, liquids, and solids at, and away from equilibrium. The underlying theory is developed from basic principles and illustrated by applying it to the simplest possible examples.Thermodynam... based on the ideal gas thermometer, is related to Gibb's statistical mechanics through the use of Nosé-Hoover heat reservoirs. These reservoirs use integral feedback to control temperature. The same approach is carried through to the simulation and analysis of nonequilibrium mass, momentum, and energy flows. Such a unified approach makes possible consistent mechanical definitions of temperature, stress, and heat flux which lead to a microscopic demonstration of the Second Law of Thermodynamics directly from mechanics. The intimate connection linking Lyapunov-unstable microscopic motions to macroscopic dissipative flows through multifractal phase-space structures is illustrated with many examples from the recent literature.The book is well-suited for undergraduate courses in advanced thermodynamics, statistical mechanic and transport theory, and graduate courses in physics and chemistry.

  • Chemical Bonds and Bonds Energy

    • 2 Edición
    • R Sanderson
    • Inglés
    Chemical Bonds and Bonds Energy, Second Edition provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of contributing bond energy and bond dissociation energy. This book explores the values that are useful in the interpretation of significant phenomena such as product distribution and reaction mechanisms. Organized into 12 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the quantitative relationship among three basic properties of an atom, namely, nonpolar covalent radius, electronegativity, and homonuclear single covalent bond energy. This text then examines the quantitative means of evaluating the partial atomic charges that result from initial differences in the electromagnetivity of atoms that form a compound. Other chapters consider the recognition of the reduction of bond weakening not by multiplicity and in certain types of single covalent bonds. The final chapter deals with the application of the principal ideas and techniques to the oxidation of ethane. This book is a valuable resource for organic and inorganic chemists.

  • Further Challenging Problems in Organic Reaction Mechanisms

    • 1 Edición
    • Darshan Ranganathan
    • Inglés
    Further Challenging Problems in Organic Reaction Mechanisms explores the problems encountered in the study of the various facets of organic chemistry, including syntheses, reactions, reagents, and reaction mechanisms. Each problem describes the starting material, the conditions of the reaction, and the product, followed by the reference to the original publication. This permits the reader to solve the problem, either independently or with guidance from the Pathways and Pointers provided, and then compare the results with those presented in the literature. This work is of great value to organic chemists and researchers and organic chemistry teachers and students.

  • The Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces and Heterogeneous Catalysis

    • 1 Edición
    • D.A. King
    • Inglés
    Surface Properties of Electronic Materials is the fifth volume of the series, The Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces and Heterogeneous Catalysis. This volume indicates the present state of some basic properties of semiconductor surfaces. Chapter one summarizes the general problems in electronic materials and the areas affected by the surface science methods. The next two chapters illustrate the existing perception of the electronic and structural properties of elemental and compound semiconductor surfaces. This volume also deals with the properties of adsorption of semiconductors relating to both relevant gas phase species and metals. Chapters four to six of this volume explore compound semiconductors and elemental semiconductors. The remaining chapters of this volume explore the adsorption of metals on elemental semiconductors; aspects of growth kinetics and dynamics involved in molecular beam epitaxy; molecular beam epitaxy of silicon; insulators; and metastable phases. The last chapter covers the surface chemistry of dry etching processes.

  • Excited States V5

    • 1 Edición
    • Edward Lim
    • Inglés
    Excited States, Volume 5 consists of three concise and detailed chapters. These chapters cover the topics of excited-state potential surfaces of polyatomic molecules; vibronic spectroscopy of benzene; and quantum statistical mechanical (QSM) theory for molecular relaxation processes. Chapter 1 discusses excited-state potential surfaces with focus on ab initio calculations. Simple methods of computational schemes are also presented in this chapter. Chapter 2 reviews the excited electronic states of benzene. This chapter also includes the basic theory of benzene electronic excitations and the various types of spectroscopy (absorption, vibrational Raman, and electron-impact). Lastly, Chapter 3 presents a unified QSM theory, phenomenological theory of irreversible thermodynamics, and kinetics. The focus of QSM theory is on the nonlinear domain and is used to construct a nonlinear theory for the relaxation of excited molecules that are electric, vibrating, and rotating. This volume is a good reference for students and researchers studying in the field of chemistry and physics.

  • Organometallic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy

    Theory and Practice
    • 1 Edición
    • Gerald B. Stringfellow
    • Inglés
    Here is one of the first single-author treatments of organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy (OMVPE)--a leading technique for the fabrication of semiconductor materials and devices. Also included are metal-organic molecular-beam epitaxy (MOMBE) and chemical-beam epitaxy (CBE) ultra-high-vacuum deposition techniques using organometallic source molecules. Of interest to researchers, students, and people in the semiconductor industry, this book provides a basic foundation for understanding the technique and the application of OMVPE for the growth of both III-V and II-VI semiconductor materials and the special structures required for device applications. In addition, a comprehensive summary detailing the OMVPE results observed to date in a wide range of III-V and II-VI semiconductors is provided. This includes a comparison of results obtained through the use of other epitaxial techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE), and vapor phase epitaxy using halide transport.

  • Ph Measurements

    • 1 Edición
    • C Westcott
    • Inglés
    pH Measurements is a seven-chapter simplified text on obtaining a high degree of accuracy in practical pH measurement. The introductory chapter of this book relates the principles of pH measurements to the actual measurement. This chapter specifically tackles the factors involved in the measurement and what magnitude of effect does each factor have on the measurement. These topics are followed by discussions on the components of pH equipment and technique, including the electrodes and buffers. A chapter considers the general approach of pH measurements and illustrates with examples of some common difficult samples. The concluding chapter shows the isolation and correction a pH equipment malfunction. pH equipment operators and users will find this book rewarding.

  • Photochemistry in Microheterogeneous Systems

    • 1 Edición
    • K Kalyanasundaram
    • Inglés
    Photochemistry in Microheterogeneous Systems provides an introduction to the subject of photochemistry in microheterogeneous systems. Emphasis is on the unimolecular and bimolecular reactions of electronically excited molecules in non-homogeneous media, as well as the application of photophysical and photochemical processes and techniques to the study of various microheterogeneous systems of chemical and biological interest, from normal and inverted micelles to vesicles and liposomes, monolayers, black lipid membranes, and liquid crystalline solvents. This monograph is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with an overview of microheterogeneous systems; excited-state processes and reactions; photochemistry in microheterogeneous systems; and structural and dynamical aspects of micellar aggregates. The discussion then turns to micellar photophysics and photochemistry, with emphasis on singlet-state and triplet-state reactions. Subsequent chapters focus on photoprocesses in a variety of microheterogeneous systems such as reversed micelles, microemulsions, lipids, surfactant vesicles, and liposomes; polymers, polyelectrolytes, and ion-exchange membranes; and molecular inclusion complexes. The final chapter is devoted to the photochemistry of molecules in the adsorbed state. This text is intended for graduate students and practicing chemists.

  • Structure and Bonding in crystals

    • 1 Edición
    • Alexandra Nsvrotsky
    • Inglés
    Structure and Bonding in Crystals, Volume II discusses the factors determining crystal structure. This book examines the principles of structure and bonding in complex solids. Divided into 13 parts, this volume begins with an overview of the development of atomic pseudopotentials and the discovery that they could be applied directly to atoms in crystals. This book then provides an understanding of other relevant topics, including ionic radii, bond strength, and bond length. Other chapters focus on the problems of classifying complex solids and describe the relationship between their structures. This text also describes the alloy structure to help know how compounds react or transform. This book further explores the geometrical relationships between different structure types in crystals. The final chapter deals with the contribution of Mooser and Pearson in the study of energy-band theory and chemical bonding. Solid-state physicists and chemists, geophysicists, metallurgists, and ceramists will find this book extremely useful.

  • Chemistry of Energetic Materials

    • 1 Edición
    • George A. Olah + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The study of energetic materials is emerging from one primarily directed toward practical interests to an advanced area of fundamental research, where state-of-the-art methods and theory are used side by side with modern synthetic methods. This timely book integrates the recent experimental, synthetic, and theoretical research of energetic materials. Editors George Olah and David Squire emphasize the importance of structure and mechanism in determining properties and performances. They also explore new spectrometric methods and synthetic approaches in this useful reference.

  • Macromolecules

    An Introduction to Polymer Science
    • 1 Edición
    • F Bovey
    • Inglés
    Macromolecules is an introductory book about macromolecules, specifically about the fundamental aspects of macromolecules, such as their nature, the ways they are formed, and their behavior. This book also focuses on the basics of macromolecules, which includes history, composition, and properties. The topics covered in this book include polymerization kinetics, chemical reactions, and degradation of macromolecules. This book also discusses biological molecules, including naturally occurring materials, synthetic macromolecules, and model compounds. Students majoring in chemistry or other related fields, such as materials engineering, will find this book very useful.

  • Theory of Unimolecular Reactions

    • 1 Edición
    • Wendell Forst
    • Inglés
    Theory of Unimolecular Reactions provides a comprehensive analysis of the theory of unimolecular reactions, also known to kineticists as the Rice-Marcus or the Rice-Ramsperger-Kass... theory, and to those working in mass spectrometry and related fields as the quasi-equilibrium theory or the theory of mass spectra. This book demonstrates how theoretical parameters are related to experimental observables and describes the methods that are used to obtain useful numerical answers. This monograph consists of 11 chapters and begins by explaining the derivation of the expression for the basic rate k(E), with emphasis on the unimolecular rate constant, intramolecular energy transfer, and potential energy surfaces in unimolecular reactions. The statistical calculation of unimolecular rate under vibrational potential is also given, along with pertinent degrees of freedom. The remaining chapters explore the energy distribution functions appropriate to each system, the averaging of k(E), and the relations between theoretical and experimental parameters. Thermal reactions, chemical activation systems, and the theory of mass spectra are examined. The last chapter is devoted to the transition state and its ambiguities. This text will be of interest to gas kineticists, mass spectrometrists, and students and researchers working in the field of physical chemistry.

  • Polymer Liquid Crystals

    • 1 Edición
    • A Ciferri
    • Inglés
    Polymer Liquid Crystals covers the significant developments in the field of highlight oriented polymers. This 12-chapter book emerged from lectures presented during the seminar "Polymer Liquid Crystals: Science and Technology", held at Santa Margherita Ligure, Italy on May 19-23, 1981. The opening chapters highlight the molecular basis of liquid crystallinity. The subsequent chapters deal with the synthesis, structure, properties, and macroscopic phenomena of polymer liquid crystals. These topics are followed by descriptions of the orientation of liquid crystals, specifically the instabilities in low molecular weight nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals. The final chapters consider the applications of these crystals to display devices and the advances in high-strength fibers and molecular composites. This book will be of great value to polymer liquid crystal chemists and researchers.

  • Organic reactive intermediates

    • 1 Edición
    • Samuel McManus
    • Inglés
    Organic Chemistry: A Series of Monographs, Volume 26: Organic Reactive Intermediates focuses on the study of reactive intermediates. This book discusses the methods of formation and investigation, factors affecting the stability, and reactions of the intermediate. Other topics include the formation and reaction of free radicals; kinetic aspects of free-radical chain reactions; electronic states and structures of carbenes; and formation of transient carbenes and carbenoids in solution. The intermediacy of nitrenes in reactions; electronic structure and spectra; methods of investigating carbonium ions; and reactions of carbonium ions are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the preparation of carbanions; factors affecting the stability of carbanions; reactions involving radical ions; and methods of investigating arynes. This volume serves as a textbook for the first graduate-level course, as well as a reference for industrial chemists interested in organic reaction mechanisms.

  • Multiphase Flow in Polymer Processing

    • 1 Edición
    • Chang Han
    • Inglés
    Multiphase Flow in Polymer Processing focuses on dispersed and stratified multiphase flow in polymer processing. This book explores the rheological behavior of multiphase (or multicomponent) polymeric systems as they are involved in various fabrication operations. It also outlines the importance of the morphological states of multiphase polymeric systems to explain the systems, rheological behavior in the fluid state, and mechanical behavior in the solid state. This monograph consists of eight chapters divided into two parts. After discussing dispersed and stratified multiphase flow in polymer processing, it introduces the reader to the fundamentals of rheology. The following chapters focus on the rheological behavior of particulate-filled polymeric systems and heterogeneous polymeric systems; the phenomenon of droplet breakup in dispersed flow; and gas-charged polymeric systems. The role of the discrete phase (that is, solid particles, liquid droplets, gas bubbles) in determining the bulk rheological properties of the multiphase system is highlighted, along with some representative polymer processing operations (namely, fiber spinning and injection molding) of the multiphase (or multicomponent) polymeric systems. Coextrusion in cylindrical, rectangular, and annular dies is also considered. The final chapter is devoted to the phenomenon of interfacial instability in coextrusion. This text will be a useful resource for chemists, chemical engineers, and those in the polymer processing industry.

  • Organometallic Syntheses

    Nontransition-Metal Compounds
    • 1 Edición
    • John Eisch
    • Inglés
    Nontransition-Metal Compounds is the second volume in the series Organometallic Syntheses and presents various procedures for the nontransition-metal compounds. Topics also covered in this volume include sensitive liquids, sample transfer, and inert atmosphere provision. The text is divided into two major parts. Part I is mostly procedural as it offers directions and suggestions in different processes such as (a) establishment of an inert atmosphere and solvent medium; (b) evaluation of purity, mode of mixing, and solvent type; and (c) isolation and purification of reaction products. Organometallic products, particularly its physical and chemical characteristics, are also tackled. In Part II, around 85 nontransition-metal organometallic compounds and the reliable procedures used for their synthesis are presented. This particular volume will be of help to students both in the fields of chemistry and biology.

  • Colloidal Gold

    Principles, Methods, and Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • Inglés
    Since its introduction in 1971, the development and application of colloidal gold as a marker in electron microscopy has been phenomenal. This state-of-the art, multi-volume treatise provides researchers, technicians, teachers, and students with the most comprehensive coverage of the principles and methodology of colloidal gold microscopy available today. This universal method is applicable to most microscopical systems including optical microscopy, scanning, transmission and high voltage electron microscopy, and photoelectron, photon, fluorescent darkfield and epipolarization microscopy. Colloidal gold allows high and low resolution studies, enzyme and nucleic acid labeling, study of dynamic cellular processes, and virus detection.

  • Control Methods in Polymer Processing

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 10
    • L. Halász
    • Inglés
    This book discusses the process theories and automation levels of the most important polymer processes which are necessary to achieve product quality and process economy. The book describes mixing, calendering, screw plastications, sheet and tube extrusion, film blowing, blow moulding and injection moulding. The control methods employed for each of these individual processes are presented in detail. The book is designed to provide information on static and dynamic processes and viable control systems.

  • Organometallic Chemistry of Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium

    • 1 Edición
    • P.C. Wailes
    • Inglés
    Organometallic Chemistry of Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium covers the chemistry of organic complexes of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium having metal-to-carbon linkage. This book is organized into eight chapters that consider the significant developments in delineating the chemistry of these metal derivatives. This book starts with a description of the stability and bonding in cyclopentadienyl derivatives of the metals, based on the thermodynamic and spectroscopic evidence. The remaining chapters discuss the preparation and reactions of titanium-, zirconium-, and hafnium-bonded organic compounds. These chapters also look into the synthetic difficulties encountered from the reactions and preparation of these compounds. The stabilization and adduct formation of these metal complexes are also explored. Organic chemists and organic chemistry researchers and students will find this book invaluable.

  • Solvation, Ionic and Complex Formation Reactions in Non-Aqeuous Solvents

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 6
    • K. Burger
    • Inglés
    Solvation, Ionic and Complex Formation Reactions in Non-Aqueous Solvents: Experimental Methods for their Investigation presents the available methods and their particular value in investigating solutions composed of non-aqueous solvents. This book is composed of 10 chapters and begins with a brief description of the complexity of the interactions possible n solutions. The subsequent chapters deal with a classification of the solvents and empirical solvent strength scales based on various experimental parameters, together with various correlations empirically describing the solvent effect. Other chapters present the methods for the purification of solvents and ways of checking their purity, as well as the individual results achieved during investigations of the solvent effect, particularly the general regularities recognized. The remaining chapters provide a review of the coordination chemistry of non-aqueous solutions. This book will prove useful to analytical and inorganic chemists.

  • Creativity in organic synthesis

    • 1 Edición
    • Jasjit Bindra
    • Inglés
    Creativity in Organic Synthesis discusses some of the outstanding accomplishments of natural products synthesis. It presents each synthesis using structural formulas and easily readable flowcharts. Each synthesis is preceded by a brief introductory paragraph. The book notes that synthesizing complex organic molecules occupies an important place in the repertoire of the organic chemist. It looks at new synthetic methods and reactions, characterized by exquisite selectivity and stereochemical control in natural products synthesis. The book uses three-dimensional formulas and perspective drawings in order to illustrate the force of arguments predicting the selectivity or stereochemical outcome of key reactions. This book serves as a guide to the selection of proper reagents and reaction conditions and as a valuable source of model transformations. To the practicing chemist, the book should provide a wealth of information on selective transformations. To the student of organic chemistry, it provides an excellent opportunity to study the subject and its application.

  • Thermal Analysis V2

    Inorganic Materials and Physical Chemistry
    • 1 Edición
    • Robert F. Jr. Schwenker
    • Inglés
    Thermal Analysis, Volume 2: Inorganic Materials and Physical Chemistry covers the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Thermal Analysis, held in Holy Cross College, Worcester, Massachusetts on August 18-23, 1968. This symposium surveys the various methods and applications of thermal analysis, as well as the distribution of various aspects of thermal analysis in different countries. This book is organized into four sections encompassing 51 chapters, and begins with discussion on the application of differential thermal analysis to metallurgical inorganic materials and reactions for industrial process optimization. These topics are followed by a consideration of other techniques, such as X-ray methods and thermography. The Physical Chemistry part highlights the reaction kinetics and thermodynamics of various chemical reactions, including oxidation and polymerization, using thermogravimetry and calorimetry techniques. The following part focuses on mineral analysis using combined techniques of thermoanalytic-mass spectrometry and differential thermal analysis-thermogravi... The last part deals with the application of thermal analysis in applied sciences.

  • Analytical Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

    Selected Methods
    • 1 Edición
    • A.J. (Tom) Van Loon
    • Inglés
    Analytical Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy presents the theories, methods, and principles in absorption spectrometry in an easily readable fashion that would suit the practicing analyst. The book covers the general principles involved in atomic spectroscopy, such as atomization and optical systems; electronic signal processing; and calibration procedures and accuracy and precision. The text then moves on to the preparation, determination, and analysis of different substances, such as waters, geological materials, metals and alloys, air samples, petroleum products, industrial samples, and metal compounds. The book also covers developments in the different areas of atomic spectroscopy, such as radiation sources, spectrometers, detectors, and other instruments. The text is recommended for practitioners and experts in the field of atomic spectroscopy, especially those looking for a book that details theories, practices, and advancements in the subject.

  • Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy

    • 2 Edición
    • Norman Colthup
    • Inglés
    Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy focuses on the theoretical and experimental aspects of infrared and Raman spectroscopy, with emphasis on detailed group frequency correlations and their vibrational origin. Topics covered include vibrational and rotational spectra, molecular symmetry, methyl and methylene groups, triple bonds and cumulated double bonds, and olefin groups. Aromatic and heteroaromatic rings are also considered, along with carbonyl compounds and molecular vibrations. This book is comprised of 14 chapters and begins with a discussion on the use of Raman and infrared spectroscopy to study the vibrational and rotational frequencies of molecules, paying particular attention to photon energy and degrees of freedom of molecular motion. The quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator and the anharmonic oscillator are described. The next chapter focuses on the experimental techniques and instrumentation needed to measure infrared absorption spectra and Raman spectra. Symmetry is then discussed from the standpoint of the spectroscopist. The following chapters explore the vibrational origin of group frequencies, with an emphasis on mechanical effects; spectra-structure correlations; and the spectra of compounds such as ethers, alcohols, and phenols. The final chapter demonstrates how the frequencies and forms of a nonlinear molecule's normal modes of vibration may be calculated mathematically. This monograph will be a useful resource for spectroscopists and physical scientists.

  • Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

    • 1 Edición
    • Milton Lee
    • Inglés
    Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds focuses on the chemical and physical properties of the polycyclic aromatic compounds, critically evaluating various chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. This book discusses how gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography can be both competitive and complementary analytical methods. Ancillary techniques of both are emphasized for the structural elucidation of individual polycyclic aromatic compounds in complex mixtures. The merits of spectroscopic methods in both structural work and quantitation are also described. This text likewise provides background information concerning the chemistry, occurrence, and toxicology of polycyclic aromatic compounds, including the isolation of polycyclic aromatic compounds from a wide variety of materials and matrices. This publication is recommended to scientists involved with the study of polycyclic aromatic compounds, analysts who need to acquire routine data, and individuals charged with formulating environmental policies and drafting regulations.

  • Spectroscopic Analysis of Gas Mixtures

    • 1 Edición
    • O Bochkova
    • Inglés
    Spectroscopic Analysis of Gas Mixtures presents the methods applied in spectral analysis of gas mixtures. The book is concerned primarily with emission analysis. It offers an extensive description of photoelectric procedures and quantitative methods of fast gas analysis; spectroscopic procedures based on absorption in the ultraviolet and infrared regions of the spectrum; and the optico-acoustic method. Physicists will find the text very informative.

  • Capillary Electrophoresis

    Theory and Practice
    • 1 Edición
    • Paul D. Grossman + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This book is designed to be a practical guide, used by wide audience, including those new to CE, those more experienced, routine users, those interested in technology development, and those involved with applications research. References have been emphasized to allow the reader to explore the detailed specifics and theoretical foundations.

  • Physical Methods in Modern Chemical Analysis V2

    • 1 Edición
    • Theodore Kuwana
    • Inglés
    Physical Methods in Modern Chemical Analysis, Volume 2 covers the fundamental principles, the instrumentation or necessary equipment, and applications of selected physical methods. This volume contains five chapters, and deals first with the theory, instrumentation, column features, and applications of high-performance liquid chromatography. The next two chapters survey the principles, experimental aspects, procedures, and specific applications of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. A chapter discusses the technical and theoretical aspects of ion cyclotron resonance, with a special emphasis on its application in gas phase ion and neutral compounds analysis. The last chapter explores the apparatus and experimental procedures in refractive index measurements. This book will be of value to analytical chemists and analytical chemistry researchers.

  • Semiconductors Probed by Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy Pt II

    • 1 Edición
    • Robert R. Alfano
    • Inglés
    Semiconductors Probed by Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy, Volume II discusses the use of ultrafast laser spectroscopy in studying fast physics in semiconductors. It reviews progress on the experimental and theoretical understanding of ultrafast events that occur on a picosecond and nanosecond time scale. This volume discusses electronic relaxation in amorphous semiconductors and the physical mechanisms during and after the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a semiconductor. It also covers the relaxation of carriers in semiconductors; transient optical pulse propagation; and methods of time-resolved spectroscopy. Scientists, engineers, and graduate students will find this book invaluable.

  • Molecular Symmetry and Spectroscopy

    • 1 Edición
    • Philip Bunker
    • Inglés
    Molecular Symmetry and Spectroscopy deals with the use of group theory in quantum mechanics in relation to problems in molecular spectroscopy. It discusses the use of the molecular symmetry group, whose elements consist of permutations of identical nuclei with or without inversion. After reviewing the permutation groups, inversion operation, point groups, and representation of groups, the book describes the use of representations for labeling molecular energy. The text explains an approximate time independent Schrödinger equation for a molecule, as well as the effect of a nuclear permutation or the inversion of E* on such equation. The book also examines the expression for the complete molecular Hamiltonian and the several groups of operations commuting with the Hamiltonian. The energy levels of the Hamiltonian can then be symmetrically labeled by the investigator using the irreducible representations of these groups. The text explains the two techniques to change coordinates in a Schrödinger equation, namely, (1) by using a diatomic molecule in the rovibronic Schrödinger equation, and (2) by a rigid nonlinear polyatomic molecule. The book also explains that using true symmetry, basis symmetry, near symmetry, and near quantum numbers, the investigator can label molecular energy levels. The text can benefit students of molecular spectroscopy, academicians, and investigators of molecular chemistry or quantum mechanics.

  • Advances in Magnetic Resonance

    The Waugh Symposium
    • 1 Edición
    • Warren S. Warren
    • Inglés
    Advances in Magnetic Resonance: The Waugh Symposium, Volume 13 is a collection of manuscripts presented at the 1989 conference on “High Resolution NMR in Solids” at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This conference recognizes the accomplishments of John S. Waugh and his colleagues in the entire field of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in solids. Organized into 11 chapters, this book first discusses the principles, limitations, and applications of single crystal, deuterium, proton, and rotational-echo double resonance NMR techniques. It then deals with other NMR methods, such as two-dimensional, electrophoretic, and site-selective excitation NMR, with particular emphasis on their theoretical background and application in solid systems. Other chapters describe several hybrid two-dimensional experiments leading to a significant increase in spectral quality. Discussions on the advantages of utilizing two-dimensional solid-state NMR in studying the complex and highly orientable biological samples such as DNA are provided in the concluding chapters of the book. This volume also provides the 113Cd NMR results in the prediction of the 113Cd shielding tensor orientation in the real ligand geometry at a metal site. Analytical and quantum chemists, physicists, biochemists, and materials science researchers will find this book invaluable.

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