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Elsevier

Libros en Química

  • Molecular Spectroscopy

    Modern Research
    • 1 Edición
    • K.N. Rao
    • Inglés
    Molecular Spectroscopy: Modern Research explores the advances in several phases of research in molecular spectroscopy. This eight-chapter book commemorates the 25th anniversary of the annual Columbus Symposium on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy, held in September, 1970. This book highlights the spectroscopic studies of molecular species in the gas phase and in matrices. Representative articles are also included that cover the applications of molecular studies in a wide variety of areas such as biophysics, astrophysical problems, and energy transfer processes. Other chapters describe the progress achieved in the technology of high resolution spectroscopy and the techniques and terminology of Lamb-dip spectroscopy. A comprehensive bibliography is included for most of the subjects discussed and this text concludes with tables of standard data listing secondary wavelength standards, fundamental constants, atomic masses, and conversion factors of interest to spectroscopists. Spectroscopists, chemists, and researchers will find this work invaluable.

  • Introduction to Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 3
    • G.L. Moore
    • Inglés
    Today, atomic emission spectroscopy is a well-established analytical technique of widespread application - a technique that no-one involved or interested in chemical analysis can afford to ignore. The present book was written to meet the need for an extensive introduction to this technique. It is written in an easy-to-understand way, and is mainly aimed at tertiary-level students at universities and colleges, and at newcomers to the field.The book prepares the reader for the study of more advanced texts and the increasing number of research papers published in this area. It will not only be of great use to the analytical chemist, but will appeal to specialists in other fields of chemistry who need an understanding of analytical techniques. The book introduces the analytical techniques of atomic emission spectroscopy, outlining the principles, history and applications. It discusses spectrography, excitation sources, inductively coupled plasmas, instrumentation, nebulization, sample dissolution and introduction, accuracy and precision, internal standardization, plasma optimization, line selection and interferences, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Understanding of the material is aided by 128 illustrations, including 11 photographs. References follow each chapter, and an extensive index completes this useful work.

  • High Resolution NMR

    Theory and Chemical Applications
    • 2 Edición
    • Edwin D. Becker
    • Inglés
    High Resolution NMR: Theory and Chemical Applications discusses the principles and theory of nuclear magnetic resonance and how this concept is used in the chemical sciences. This book is written at an intermediate level, with mathematics used to augment verbal descriptions of the phenomena. This text pays attention to developing and interrelating four approaches – the steady state energy levels, the rotating vector picture, the density matrix, and the product operator formalism. The style of this book is based on the assumption that the reader has an acquaintance with the general principles of quantum mechanics, but no extensive background in quantum theory or proficiency in mathematics is required. This book begins with a description of the basic physics, together with a brief account of the historical development of the field. It looks at the study of NMR in liquids, including high resolution NMR in the solid state and the principles of NMR imaging and localized spectroscopy. This book is intended to assist chemistry graduate students, advanced undergraduate students, or researchers to understand NMR at a fundamental level. This text also provides illustrations of the applications of NMR to the determination of the structure of small organic molecules and macromolecules, including proteins.

  • Physical Methods in Modern Chemical Analysis V1

    • 1 Edición
    • Theodore Kuwana
    • Inglés
    Physical Methods in Modern Chemical Analysis, Volume 1 presents the fundamental principles, the instrumentation or necessary equipment, and applications of selected physical methodologies in chemical analysis. This volume contains chapters on gas chromatography; principles and instrumentation of mass spectrometry; fluorescence and atomic absorption spectroscopy; applications, scope, and structural problems of mass spectrometry; and flame and plasma emission methods of analysis. Chemists, researchers, and students of chemistry will find the book an excellent reference material.

  • Physical Methods in Chemical Analysis

    • 2 Edición
    • Walter Berl
    • Inglés
    Physical Methods in Chemical Analysis, Volume II discusses analytical procedures that deal primarily with nonchemical methods and techniques useful in establishing the qualitative nature of unknowns. This book discusses electrical, magnetic, and miscellaneous techniques, including a number of methods that only measure non-specific properties to obtain quantitative information on relatively simple systems such as conductometric titration and radioactive tracer methods. This volume emphasizes two major tasks that analysts need to do in order to perform analysis. First is to conduct preliminary operations that bring the system under investigation into physical states suitable for analysis. Second is to measure physical constants that can be compared with known systems for identity or can be interpreted in terms of structure and organization. This publication is a recommended reference for students and chemists working on chemical analysis.

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Shift Reagents

    • 1 Edición
    • Robert Sievers
    • Inglés
    Nuclear Magnetic Shift Reagents presents the proceedings of the Symposium on the Chemistry of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Shift Reagents, held in Dallas, Texas, on April 9–11, 1973. This book discusses the fundamental aspects of shift reagent chemistry as well as the physical and chemical properties of shift reagents. Comprised of 16 chapters, this compilation of papers starts with an overview of the deuterium isotope effect in lanthanide shifts. This text then examines the variations in coordination geometries for chemically equivalent molecules of shift reagent-substrate complexes in the solid state, which illustrate the ease with which changes occur in the coordination sphere of lanthanide complexes. Other chapters discuss the dipolar nature of proton resonance shifts in lanthanide shift reagent systems. This book considers as well the feasibility of using chiral shift reagents. The final chapter deals with the effects of chemical equilibrium and adduct stoichiometry in studies of shift reagent. Chemists, biochemists, and molecular physicists will find this book useful.

  • Sample Introduction in Atomic Spectroscopy

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 4
    • J. Sneddon
    • Inglés
    A comprehensive and detailed description of the most widely used sample introduction techniques in atomic spectroscopy is presented in this volume. Comprising twelve separate chapters, the book describes the theory in detail, and gives an account of techniques and selected applications of sample introduction systems. The first chapter is a general overview on sample introduction. The remaining eleven chapters are each devoted to a specific sample introduction and deal with the basic principles, describe the system, advantages, disadvantages and selected applications. Systems described are: pneumatic nebulization, electrothermal vaporization, laser ablation, impaction/electrosta... precipitation, slurry atomization, ultrasonic and thermospray nebulization, hydride generation, chromatographic, spark and arc, low-pressure discharges, flow injection analysis and direct solid introduction. Each chapter is suitable for a separate discussion. Being a unique textbook in this field, Sample Introduction in Atomic Spectroscopy should prove invaluable for courses at graduate level.

  • Analysis of Seawater

    • 1 Edición
    • Crompton
    • Inglés
    Analysis of Seawater deals with the investigation of the micro-constituents in seawater in terms of nutrient content and environmental concerns. The book describes sampling, determination of anions, analysis of dissolved gases, and metal preconcentration techniques. The book also deals with monitoring radioactive elements, the determination of seawater organics, organometallic compounds, and the oxygen-demand parameters in seawater. It describes in detail surface and deep water sampling, the types of devices used, storage, preservation, and prevention of contamination during sample analysis. In examining dissolved gases, the investigator can use the amperometric titrimetric method (with some reservations) on chlorine, the ultraviolet method on ozone, electron capture gas chromatography on nitric oxide, and also the flow injection analysis on hydrogen sulphide. The methods for determining metals in seawater concern either for single element or for groups of elements. The investigator should always initiate various pre-concentration techniques when determining metals due to their low concentration and occurrence in seawater. The investigator uses various methods to determine different radioactive compounds such as uranium, polonium, thorium, radium, barium, radon, plutonium, strontium-90, and cesium-137. The book can be beneficial for meteorologists, environmentalists, marine ecologists, biologists, oceanographers, fisheries experts, for students studying hydrology, meteorology, as well as for river and lake authorities.

  • Practical Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

    Industrial and laboratory chemical analysis
    • 1 Edición
    • John R. Ferraro
    • Inglés
    Practical Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Industrial and Laboratory Chemical Analysis presents the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) as a valuable analytic tool in solving industrial and laboratory chemical problems. The text provides chapters that deal with the various applications of FT-IR such as the characterization of organic and inorganic superconductors; the study of forensic materials such as controlled drug particles, fragments of polymers, textile fibers, and explosives; identification and quantification of impurities and measurement of epitaxial thickness in silicon; bulk and surface studies and microanalyses of industrial materials; and the identification or determination of unknown compounds. Chemists, industrial researchers, and product engineers will find the book useful.

  • Trace Analysis By Mass Spectrometry

    • 1 Edición
    • Arthur J. Ahearn
    • Inglés
    Trace Analysis by Mass Spectrometry deals with trace analysis of solids and liquids by mass spectrometric techniques. Topics include the physics and techniques of electrical discharge ion sources, transmission of ions through double focusing mass spectrometers, and detection and measurement of ions by ion-sensitive plates. The ion sources used are principally electrical discharge type sources. This book is comprised of 14 chapters. The first several chapters focus on the basic physics of electrical discharge ion sources, double focusing mass spectrometry, and the measurement of arrays of mass resolved ion beams by electrical detection methods and with ion sensitive emulsions. The discussion then shifts to the problem of obtaining the chemical composition of the recorded mass resolved ion sample and relating this composition to that of the original sample. The chapters that follow describe specific techniques for analyzing special samples such as insulators, powders, microsamples, biological materials, reactive and low melting point substances, radioactive materials, and gases in solids. The remaining chapters include the use of laser ion sources in the analysis of solids and the analysis of surfaces particularly with sputter ion sources. This book will be of interest to students and practitioners of physics and chemistry.

  • Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and its Applications

    • 1 Edición
    • E.W. Schlag
    • Inglés
    The resurgence of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) has had its origin in the simplicity of construction and application of such instruments together with the high transmission and the great increase in resolution that has been achieved. The instrument lends itself naturally to a coupling with pulsed laser sources, though this is not a prerequisite. It also affords a time resolution far beyond that traditionally achieved with mass spectrometric rapid scan techniques - a recent example being the real-time analysis of a multi-component mixture from an automobile exhaust. Furthermore, the mass range appears to be extremely large: mass up to 500 kDa and beyond what is being readily measured in the laboratory today.The present set of contributions attempts to give a survey of current applications from many of the active groups in the field. A variety of new applications are considered which are no doubt just the beginning of large new areas of application. By presenting this work in book form it is hoped that it will be of help to the many groups intending to initiate work in this rapidly expanding new area of mass spectrometry.

  • Laser Photoionization Spectroscopy

    • 1 Edición
    • Vladilen Letokhov
    • Inglés
    Laser Photoionization Spectroscopy discusses the features and the development of photoionization technique. This book explores the progress in the application of lasers, which improve the characteristics of spectroscopic methods. Organized into 12 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the fundamentals of the method for atoms and molecules. This text then examines the photoionization spectroscopy, which is based on the laser resonant excitation of particles into high-lying quantum states that are easy to detect by ionization. Other chapters explain the various basic schemes of multistep excitation, which can be used for resonance photoionization of molecules. This book discusses as well the different applications of the resonance photoionization technique in atomic and molecular spectroscopy. The final chapter considers the two well-known types of microscopy, namely, wave and corpuscular. This book is a valuable resource for chemists, physicists, analysts, and geochemists who are interested in laser spectroscopy techniques to solve nontrivial problems.

  • Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy

    • 5 Edición
    • George Atkinson
    • Inglés
    Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy covers the proceedings of the International Conference on Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy, convened in Lake Placid, New York on August 16-20, 1982. This book is organized into six sections encompassing 51 chapters. The first section deals with the theoretical and computational developments concerning Raman scattering and two-photon and optical spectroscopies. Section II focuses on the instrumentation and techniques of various time-resolved vibrational spectroscopies (TRVS), such as Raman techniques, stroboscopic interferometry, and infrared multiphoton. Sections III and IV deal with the chemical (ground and excited states) and biochemical systems of TRVS. The concluding sections discuss the theoretical principles and methods of observation of nonlinear Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced and colloidal Raman scattering. This book is of value to chemists, spectroscopists, and photobiologists.

  • Gas Chromatography with Glass Capillary Columns

    • 1 Edición
    • Walter Jennings
    • Inglés
    Gas Chromatography with Glass Capillary Columns describes glass capillary technology and the selection, installation, evaluation, and use of glass open tubular columns for gas chromatography. Discussions are organized around the glass capillary column; column coating and installation; inlet systems; measurement of column efficiency; temperature programming and carrier flow; and retention behavior. Column selection and stability and sample preparation are also covered. This text is comprised of 13 chapters; the first of which introduces the reader to the practical considerations involved in the selection, installation, evaluation, and use of high-resolution open tubular glass capillary columns, along with the theory of the chromatographic process. The discussion then turns to the influence of operating parameters and storage conditions on the interrelated forces involved in coating glass capillary columns; the dynamic and static techniques of column coating; and design defects in the inlet system caused by excessive volume and dead space. The chapters that follow focus on general considerations in column attachment, measurement of column efficiency, and retention behavior of carrier gas, along with the operating temperature of the column, the choice of carrier gas, and carrier gas velocity. This book also looks at the factors that affect column stability, materials of restricted volatility, and some applications of glass capillary gas chromatography. This reference material is intended primarily for students and researchers interested in gas chromatography with glass capillary columns.

  • Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions 40-B

    • 1 Edición
    • Joseph Cerny
    • Inglés
    Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions, Part B covers information regarding the development of nuclear spectroscopy and its reactions, while emphasizing in-beam spectroscopy. This part specifically covers charged particle spectroscopy, spectroscopy from meson-induced reactions, and neutron spectroscopy. Organized into three sections, this book first discusses charged particle spectroscopy, which includes resonance reaction, reactions involving light ions, heavy-ion-induced reaction, and specialized reaction. The next section reviews spectroscopy from meson-induced reactions, including muonic and hadronic atoms; radiative capture; and charge exchange, scattering, and direct reactions. The final section discusses neutron spectroscopy, which includes advances in measurement of neutron spectra, charge exchange reactions, and polarization phenomena. This book is written to primarily benefit graduate students who are engaged in research that concerns nuclear spectroscopy.

  • Physical Methods in Modern Chemical Analysis V3

    • 1 Edición
    • Theodore Kuwana
    • Inglés
    Physical Methods in Modern Chemical Analysis, Volume 3 presents the fundamental principles, the instrumentation or necessary equipment, and applications of selected physical methodologies in chemical analysis. This volume contains chapters that discuss various topics on chemical analysis methods such as transform methods in chemistry; X-ray spectrometry; the principles of electrochemical measurements; and global optimization strategy for gas-chromatographic separations. The book will prove to be an excellent reference material for chemists, researchers, and students of chemistry.

  • Statistics in Spectroscopy

    • 1 Edición
    • Howard Mark + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This tutorial offers a basic hands-on approach to statistical analysis for chemists and spectroscopists. Without involving complicated mathematics, this book is designed to provide the reader with the basic principles underlying the use of common mathematical and statistical tools. Particular emphasis has been given to problem-solving applications and the proper use and interpretation of spectroscopic data. With exercises throughout, this book is also suitable for use as a textbook in analytical chemistry, instrumental analysis, and statistics in chemistry courses.

  • Practical Capillary Electrophoresis

    • 1 Edición
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • Inglés
    High performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) is the newest and perhaps most powerful separation technique available today. This single-authored text provides an integrated, comprehensive, and clearly illustrated look at the field. Users of HPCE will gain a basic understanding of principles underlying electrophoresis and go on to learn about mode selection, methods development, detection, and quantative analysis. Ideally suited for analytical chemists and analytical biochemists with applications involving small molecules, proteins, peptides, DNA, and ion separations, this book provides a comparative assessment of related techniques. The author is an internationally recognised scientist and serves as the instructor for short courses on HPCE as offered by the American Chemical Society.

  • Mass Spectrometry of Organic Ions

    • 1 Edición
    • F.W. McLafferty
    • Inglés
    Mass Spectrometry of Organic Ions covers the underlying theories and major applications of mass spectrometry. This 13-chapter book starts with a survey of the mechanisms by which organic ions can decompose and rearrange, as well as the generalized concept in terms of physical-organic chemistry. The discussion then shifts to the advantages and potential of mass spectrometry in structure determination by the elucidation of the empirical formulas of organic ions. Considerable chapters are devoted to the detailed correlations and mechanisms of the mass spectra of long-chain esters, alkylbenzenes, a variety of natural products, aliphatic compounds, and terpenes. The remaining chapters demonstrate the illustrative power of mass spectrometry in structure of petroleum, which is composed of hydrocarbon mixture. This book will be of great benefit to organic and analytical chemists, scientists, and students.

  • Handbook of Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic Compounds and Organic Salts

    Infrared Spectra of Inorganic Compounds
    • 1 Edición
    • Richard A. Nyquist + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Infrared Spectra of Inorganic Compounds is a comprehensive compendium of reference infrared spectra and empirical spectra-structure correlations of inorganic compounds in the solid phase. The majority of these compounds are (powdered) crystalline solids in which the crystallographic unit cell may contain several polyatomic ions or molecules. This book begins with an overview of the use of infrared spectroscopy in the identification of inorganic compounds. The experimental procedures for scanning the mid-infrared spectra are then described. The spectra are arranged to bring together compounds containing similar anions, in order to facilitate recognition of characteristic group frequencies. The arrangement is based on the position in the periodic table of the central atom in the anion. Two indices are provided, the first containing compounds as they appear in the book in numerical sequence, and the second arranged alphabetically by anion. Characteristic infrared frequencies and band intensities of the different anions are summarized, along with frequency assignments for the fundamental vibrations of complex anions taken from the literature. This monograph should be useful to physicists and inorganic chemists.

  • Quantitative Organic Microanalysis

    • 2 Edición
    • Al Steyermark
    • Inglés
    Quantitative Organic Microanalysis, Second Edition presents the recommendations of the American Chemical Society group for specification and methods of organic microanalysis. This book is organized into 23 chapters, and starts with discussions on test samples, blank tests, second type of efficient vibration-absorbing balance table, and microchemical balances. Other general topics covered include the Kjeldahl procedures to determine nitrogen compounds; oxygen flask combustions; determination of fluorine; and microhydrogenation. The final chapters present the modification of the procedure for the determination of oxygen using gravimetry. This book will be of great value to microanalysts, researchers, and college students who wants to expand their understanding in organic microanalysis.

  • NMR for Liquid Fossil Fuels

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 1
    • L. Petrakis + 1 más
    • Inglés
    High resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of liquid fuels has provided valuable information on the molecular structures present in these fuels. The chemical insight gained through NMR studies has the potential to enhance significantly the development of processes for the utilization of fossil energy. For this potential to be fully realized, users of NMR information must be able to communicate effectively with NMR experts. Conversely, NMR experts must understand the type of information that users will attempt to derive from their spectra. The goal of this book is to strengthen the lines of communication between NMR experts and users in the area of NMR of liquid fuels.The book comprises two parts. The first part presents elements of relevant NMR phenomenology, including a definition of the most important NMR parameters, an introduction to Fourier transform NMR and a discussion of newer pulse techniques. Sufficient background material is presented to enable the reader to follow such techniques as spin echo, two-dimensional and polarization transfer experiments. These techniques are illustrated by extensive examples derived from fuel chemistry. The second part of the book addresses the interpretation of NMR spectra and is based, to a very large extent, on the work of the authors who have used NMR in a variety of applications in fossil fuels. This part describes in detail the three basic methods for interpreting NMR spectra of liquid fuels: average structural parameter calculations, average molecule construction and functional group analysis. The use of NMR in engineering calculations is also presented and should be particularly useful to those interested in processing of fossil fuels. Extensive examples are drawn from petroleum, shale oils, coal liquids and model systems. Computer programs for performing the characterizations from the spectra are provided.The book will appeal to a wide range of professionals. With its emphasis on applications, it will be of particular interest to those who use NMR to characterize liquid fossil fuels or those who provide NMR assistance to fossil fuel scientists and technologists.

  • Structural Analysis of Organic Compounds by Combined Application of Spectroscopic Methods

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 1
    • J.T. Clerc + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Structural Analysis of Organic Compounds covers some practical analytical aspects of organic structural analysis by combined application of spectroscopic methods. This book is composed of three parts encompassing 35 chapters that specifically describe infrared-, ultraviolet-, proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. Considerable chapters discuss the problems intended to cover a wide variety of chemical structure and spectroscopic argument, thereby exemplifying interpretations and comment on specific practical aspects of the problem solving procedure. The remaining chapters provide short supplementing research concerning various aspects of structural analysis. This book will prove useful to organic and analytical chemists.

  • Chemical Sensor Technology, Volume 4

    • 1 Edición
    • S. Yamauchi
    • Inglés
    This volume is the fourth in a series of annual reviews on progress in the research and technology, both basic and applied, of chemical sensors. New principles, new devices, and the detailed mechanism of various chemical sensors are described. Chemical sensors continue to grow rapidly in importance encompassing a broad spectrum of technologies covering safety, pollution, fuel economy, medical engineering and industrial processes. More than half the papers in this volume are relevant to biosensing, a strategic field for medical and health care equipment, especially in geriatric medicine. Frequent health checks at home will be increasingly necessary as the proportion of the aged in the population steadily grows. In some cases health conditions will have to be monitored constantly to give warnings or provide emergency assistance at the right time. Because biochemical substances play major roles in physiological processes such as metabolism, excitation and contraction of skeletal muscle and neurotransmission, chemical sensing of the related biochemical substances will eventually become indispensable.Each chapter is written by an expert active in the front lines of chemical sensor research. Not only is the technological essence of the subject provided, but also the background and philosophy, an evaluation of achievements to date and problems to be dealt with. Each topic is described in sufficient depth to be useful to researchers worldwide.

  • Instruments and Measurements

    • 1 Edición
    • Birger Qvarnstrom
    • Inglés
    Instruments and Measurements: Automatic Control documents the proceedings of the I&M Special Section on Automatic Control (I & MAC) held in Stockholm, Sweden on September 17-18, 1964. This book discusses the method determining process dynamics; identification of stationary time series; and optimum nuclear rocket start-up to develop full power at exact time with consideration of noise. The principle of servo-pendulum of long natural period and its application; autopilot system for hydrofoil seacraft; and temperature gradient control in thermal conductivity determinations are also deliberated. This text likewise covers the instrumentation problems involved in the measurement of the transient response of a hydraulic servomechanism; modified cartesian manostat for precise differential pressure control; and oscilloscope sweep circuit. This publication is beneficial to engineering students and researchers intending to acquire knowledge of automatic control.

  • Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry V2

    • 1 Edición
    • C.N.R. Rao
    • Inglés
    Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry, Volume II is a collection of research studies on some of the spectroscopic methods and areas of inorganic chemistry in which spectroscopy has been used effectively. This book is divided into seven chapters that present the status reports and potentialities in the fields of study. Each chapter outlines the theoretical and experimental aspects, as well as the application to a specific field of the analytical method. The first three chapters deal with the molecular structure determination by neutron and X-ray diffraction, high-pressure vibrational spectroscopy, and electronic Raman transitions of rare earth ions. Other chapters explore the potential of electron spin resonance spectroscopy for inorganic radical and radical ion determination, as well as the application of electron spin resonance for coordination compound analysis. The remaining chapters examine the use of electronic spectroscopy for organometalloid study and the fluorescence and laser action in rare earth chelates. This book is intended primarily for analytical and inorganic chemists and spectroscopists who are interested in inorganic systems.

  • Advances in Magnetic Resonance

    The Waugh Symposium
    • 1 Edición
    • Warren S. Warren
    • Inglés
    Advances in Magnetic Resonance: The Waugh Symposium, Volume 14 is a collection of manuscripts presented at the 1989 symposium on “High Resolution NMR in Solids”, held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The contributors provide 20- to 30-page articles consistent with AMR’s traditional emphasis on quantitative analysis of NMR techniques. Organized into 13 chapters, this book discusses the principles triple-quantum filtered two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy and its application in the measurement of cross correlation between pairs of dipole-dipole interactions. It then describes alternative ways of using fictitious spin in pulsed nuclear quadrupole resonance or NMR. General topics on the application of optical spectroscopy; the saturation of spin-spin energy by slow continuous bulk rotation; the frequency-switched Lee-Goldburg pulse cycle; and high-resolution proton NMR in solid systems are also explored. A chapter examines an entirely different view of spin dynamics in the presence of radio-frequency fields. This book also deals with the theoretical background and application of solid-state and zero-field NMR spectroscopies to structure determination. Lastly, the utilization of the Floquet formalism in the design of broadband propagators in two-level systems and the two classes of novel NMR phenomena related to the symmetrization postulate are discussed. Analytical and quantum chemists, physicists, biochemists, and materials science researchers will find this book invaluable.

  • Nuclear magnetic Resonance in biochemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Thomas James
    • Inglés
    Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Biochemistry: Principles and Applications focuses on the principles and applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in biochemistry. Topics covered include experimental methods in NMR; the mechanisms of NMR relaxation; chemical and paramagnetic shifts; spin-spin splitting; the use of NMR in investigations of biopolymers and biomolecular interactions; and molecular dynamics in biological and biochemical systems. This text is comprised of eight chapters; the first of which gives an overview of NMR spectroscopy and its use in studies of biological systems. The next two chapters discuss the theoretical basis for NMR applications in biochemistry, with emphasis on Bloch equations, quantum mechanics, correlation function and correlation time, double resonance, and chemical exchange. The reader is then introduced to the basis for chemical shifts and spin-spin splitting, along with several examples of the use of these NMR parameters in studies of small molecule interactions and structure. The experimental apparatus and procedures employed in NMR studies, Fourier transform NMR, and NMR spectral parameters of small molecules interacting with macromolecules are also considered. The book highlights the information obtainable from the spectra of biopolymers, and then concludes with a chapter on NMR investigations of the state of motion of lipids in membranes and model membranes; water in macromolecular and cellular systems; and sodium ion in biological tissue. This book is intended primarily for chemists, biochemists, biophysicists, and molecular biologists, as well as graduate students.

  • Conformational Analysis

    Scope and present limitations
    • 1 Edición
    • G Chiurdoglu
    • Inglés
    Conformational Analysis: Scope and Present Limitations contains the proceedings of the Brussels International Symposium on Conformational Analysis held in Brussels, Belgium, in September 1969. The papers focus on the theoretical aspects and applications of conformational analysis, such as those concerning the aliphatic and especially the cyclic series. Topics covered include the geometry of five-membered rings; conformational transmission in steroids; conformational aspects of N-quaternization; and applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry in conformational studies of cyclohexane derivatives. This book is comprised of 20 chapters and begins with a discussion on the conformational aspects of some five-membered ring compounds based mainly on observed (diffraction methods) and calculated torsional angles. The reader is then introduced to nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the conformations and conformational barriers in cyclic molecules; conformational studies of six-membered heterocycles; conformational transmission in steroids; and solvolytic cyclizations involving double bonds. The remaining chapters explore the conformational analysis of methylcyclohexane, cyclohexane systems, and carbonium ions; conformations of membrane-active cyclodepsipeptides; energetics of isomeric transition states and competitive reaction pathways in conformational analysis; and conformational aspects of the reaction of the 1-methylcyclodecane-... with acid. This monograph will be of interest to organic chemists.

  • Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry V1

    • 1 Edición
    • C.N.R. Rao
    • Inglés
    Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry, Volume I describes the innovations in various spectroscopic methods that are particularly effective in inorganic chemistry studies. This volume contains nine chapters; each chapter discusses a specific spectroscopic method, their fundamental principles, methods, instrumentation, advantages disadvantages, and application. Chapter 1 covers some of the general principles and experiments that have been used in the recording and interpretation of crystal spectra of molecules that contain transition-metal ions. Chapter 2 illustrates the application of spectroscopic techniques to the photochemistry of small inorganic molecules, non-transition-metal compounds, and transition-metal complexes. The remaining chapters examine several spectroscopic methods, such as matrix isolation, mass, soft X-ray, and Mössbauer spectroscopies, high-resolution NMR, and nuclear quadrupole resonance, with a particular emphasis on their effective application in inorganic chemistry studies. This book will be of great benefit to inorganic chemists, spectroscopists, and inorganic chemistry teachers and students.

  • Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis

    • 1 Edición
    • Michael F. L'Annunziata
    • Inglés
    Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis is written by experts in the measurement of radioactivity. The book describes the broad scope of analytical methods available and instructs the reader on how to select the proper technique. It is intended as a practical manual for research which requires the accurate measurement of radioactivity at all levels, from the low levels encountered in the environment to the high levels measured in radioisotope research. This book contains sample preparation procedures, recommendations on steps to follow, necessary calculations, computer controlled analysis, and high sample throughput techniques. Each chapter includes practical techniques for application to nuclear safety, nuclear safeguards, environmental analysis, weapons disarmament, and assays required for research in biomedicine and agriculture. The fundamentals of radioactivity properties, radionuclide decay, and methods of detection are included to provide the basis for a thorough understanding of the analytical procedures described in the book. Therefore, the Handbook can also be used as a teaching text.

  • Chromatography Today

    • 5 Edición
    • C.F. Poole + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Chromatography Today provides a comprehensive coverage of various separation methods: gas, liquid, thin-layer, and supercritical fluid-chromatography... and capillary electrophoresis. Particular attention is paid to the optimization of these techniques in terms of kinetic parameters and retention mechanisms. When these facts are understood, method selection and optimization becomes a more logical process. Sample preparation methods are treated fully as they frequently represent an integral part of the total analytical method. Also described are preparative-scale separations used for isolating significant amounts of product which are generally achieved under conditions that are not identical to those used for analytical separations. The most common hyphenated methods used for sample identification are discussed from the perspective of the information they yield and the requirements of common interfaces. The scope and level of discussion are designed to be appropriate for various user groups. This book should be suitable for use as a graduate-level student textbook in separation science, a text for professional institutes offering short courses in chromatography, and as a self-study guide for chromatographers to refresh their knowledge of the latest developments in the field. The book is extensively illustrated with over 200 figures, 110 tables and 3,300 references, largely to the contemporary literature.

  • Organic Elemental Analysis

    Ultramicro, Micro, and Trace Methods
    • 1 Edición
    • Wolfgang Kirmse
    • Inglés
    Organic Elemental Analysis: Ultramicro, Micro, and Trace Methods is a 22-chapter text that presents the methods for ultramicro, micro, and trace organic elemental analysis for commercial routine analysis. Each chapter of this book describes the important features of the methods evaluated, such as gas chromatography, wet absorption, spectrophotometry, diffusion, extraction, flame photometry, and dead-stop titration. These methods are classified into dynamic, multielement, and automatic determination methods. The advantages and limitations, as well as the speed, accuracy, reliability and economic aspects of these methods are examined. Considerable chapters are devoted to the analysis of various elements, including carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine, and phosphorus. Organic and analytical chemists, as well as chemistry teachers and students will find this work invaluable.

  • Environmental Analysis

    • 1 Edición
    • Galen Ewing
    • Inglés
    Environmental Analysis contains the papers presented at the Third Annual Meeting of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 15-18, 1976. A large number of papers were devoted to solving environmental problems. Some consisted of reviews of the state of the art with respect to specific techniques, while others represented the results of applying such techniques to particular situations. The book contains 23 papers that cover topics such as the contribution of atmospheric precipitation to the material balance of Lakes Huron and Superior; an improved method for the determination of adenosine triphosphate; and the use of a flame resonance spectrometer to analyze a range of environmental samples. Other studies include the recovery and identification of phenolic compounds from natural waters in and around petroleum industries; methods for determining of lead pollutants in air; a method for colorimetric analysis of ammonia in water; and the application of micro-Raman spectroscopy to the chemical characterization of single particles in air particulate dusts.

  • Analytical Biotechnology

    • 1 Edición
    • C. van Dijk
    • Inglés
    ANABIOTEC '92 focused on the further integration of biotechnology and analytical chemistry. The results of this symposium clearly demonstrated that a substantial progress could be reported in the application of both conventional and new analytical techniques, the latter essentially based on natural analytical tools such as biomolecules. The main themes covered during this meeting are fermentation monitoring, chromatography, instrumental analysis, biosensors and bioanalysis.

  • Nondestructive Activation Analysis

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 3
    • S. Amiel
    • Inglés
    Studies in Analytical Chemistry, 3: Nondestructive Activation Analysis focuses on the reactions, principles, methodologies, and approaches involved in nondestructive activation analysis. The selection first offers information on irradiation, measurement and techniques, and manual and computerized data processing in activation analysis. Discussions focus on result computation with Nal(Tl) and Ge(Li) data, analysis of gamma-ray spectra, X-ray, spectrometry, neutron counting in activation analysis, neutron sources, and measurement of very short-lived nuclides. The book then examines applications, including biomedical sciences, geo- and cosmochemistry, applications of trace element analysis to studies of the atmospheric environment, and high purity materials, standards, and reference materials. The text discusses the applications of nondestructive activation analysis to archaeology, industry, and forensics. The selection is a vital reference for researchers wanting to explore nondestructive activation analysis.

  • Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions 40-C

    • 1 Edición
    • Joseph Cerny
    • Inglés
    Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions, Part C covers information regarding the development of nuclear spectroscopy and its reactions, while emphasizing in-beam spectroscopy. This part covers gamma-ray spectroscopy and other relevant topics that are not discussed in the previous parts. Comprised of only two sections, this book first covers topics relevant to gamma-ray spectroscopy, such as the excitation and reorientation of coulombs; magnetic moments of excited fields; gamma rays from capture reactions; spectroscopy from fission; angular correlation methods; and lifetime measurements. The second section covers other topics that are relevant to nuclear spectroscopy, such as photonuclear reactions; nuclear spectroscopy from delayed particle emission; in-beam atomic spectroscopy; effects of extranuclear fields on nuclear radiations; and a guide to nuclear compilations. This book is written to primarily benefit graduate students who are engaged in research that concerns nuclear spectroscopy.

  • Analytical Absorption Spectrophotometry in the Visible and Ultraviolet

    The Principles
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 8
    • L. Sommer
    • Inglés
    Despite the existence of many competitive analytical techniques, molecular absorption spectrophotometry still remains very popular in practice, particularly in biochemical, clinical, organic, agricultural, food and environmental analyses. This is due mainly to the inherent ease and relative simplicity of spectrophotometric procedures and the availability of reliable and highly-automated instruments. Moreover, the method and its instrumentation has recently undergone considerable development resulting in some new special approaches of spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) regions.Although there are a number of comprehensive textbooks dealing with UV/VIS spectrophotometry, they tend to describe historical aspects or contain collections of detailed procedures for the determination of analytes and do not reflect sufficiently the present state of the method and stage of development reached. This book provides a concise survey of the actual state-of-the-art of UV/VIS spectrophotometry.Sp... attention has been paid to problems with the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law, absorption spectra, present trends in instrumentation, errors in spectrophotometry, evaluation of analyte concentration and calibration, optimization procedures, multicomponent analysis, differential spectrophotometries, problem of blanks, derivative and dual-wavelength spectrophotometry, spectrophotometric titration, the strong relations between complex formation and spectrophotometry, spectrophotometric investigation of complex equilibria and stoichiometry or automation in spectrophotometry. The significance of spectrophotometry in connection with liquid-liquid extraction, reaction kinetics, trace analysis, environmental and clinical analysis is also covered.The text is supported by tables and figures, and numerous references are provided for each topic treated. The book is written for all those who use UV/VIS spectrophotometry in the laboratory and will also be useful to students as supplementary reading.

  • Chemistry: Inorganic Qualitative Analysis in the Laboratory

    • 1 Edición
    • Clyde Metz
    • Inglés
    Chemistry: Inorganic Qualitative Analysis in the Laboratory is a textbook dealing with qualitative analysis in the laboratory, as well as with the process of anion and cation analysis. The book presents an overview of the subject of inorganic qualitative analysis, including as the equipment, reagents, and procedures that are going to be used in the laboratory. Preliminary experiments include the classification of precipitates, handling precipitates, separation techniques, flame tests, Brown ring test, solvent extraction. The text also describes in detail how to prepare the experiment for anion and cation analysis such as testing for water solubility in a solid sample or the sodium carbonate treatment of a water-soluble sample. The book also explains the qualitative analysis for anions in preliminary and specific tests. In the qualitative analysis for cations, the student follows different procedures for Cation Groups I, II, III, IV or V. For example, the ions of Cation Group V cannot be precipitated by any Cation Groups I-IV reagents, nor by any single group reagent. The textbook is suitable for both chemistry teachers and freshmen students.

  • Systematic Materials Analysis Part 1

    • 1 Edición
    • J.H. Richardson
    • Inglés
    Systematic Materials Analysis focuses on the broad range of instrumental methods that brings new approaches to materials analysts to yield the desired information about a given material. This book explores the specific instruments that briefly outline the theories of operation. Organized into ten chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the analytical methods on the bases of specimen limitations and information desired, and then examines the use of flow charts encompassing the various instruments. This text then discusses the use of the charts, which present a complete listing of analytical instrumentation arranged so as to enable the selection of the best method for a given analytical task. Other chapters outline the theories of operation and describe the capability of the methods for quantitative and qualitative measurements of chemical composition, texture, and structure as applicable. This book is a valuable resource for materials analysts, engineers, biological scientists, laboratory administrators, and researchers.

  • Analytical Pyrolysis

    • 1 Edición
    • C.E.R. Jones
    • Inglés
    Analytical Pyrolysis presents the Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Analytical Pyrolysis, held in Amsterdam on September 7-9, 1976. It looks at newly emergent techniques in analytical pyrolysis, including pyrolysis mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and pyrolysis-gas liquid chromatography. The book also covers topics ranging from automation and microbiology to forensic science and pharmacology, reproducibility and specificity, biochemistry, laser-induced pyrolysis, pyrolytic reaction mechanisms, and polymers. Comprised of 50 chapters, this book begins with a discussion of automatic analysis of tire rubber blends using computer-linked pyrolysis gas chromatography, thermal procedures in coupling with thin-layer chromatography, the role of pyrolysis-gas liquid chromatography in biomedical studies, and the identification of microorganisms by pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography. It then examines forensic applications of analytical pyrolysis techniques, structure and degradation behavior of synthetic polymers using pyrolysis in combination with field ion mass spectrometry, determination of polysaccharides in fulvic acids by pyrolysis gas chromatography, and application of Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry in fungal taxonomy. The reader is also introduced to pyrolysis mass spectrometry of model compounds labeled with stable isotopes, the use of pyrolysis/gas chromatography to determine the quality of porous polymers of styrene cross-linked with divinyl benzene, and application of pyrohydrolysis for a rapid and accurate determination of halides in silicate rocks and minerals. This volume will benefit students, researchers, chemists, and scientists working in the field of analytical pyrolysis.

  • Organic Trace Analysis by Liquid Chromatography

    • 1 Edición
    • James Lawrence
    • Inglés
    Organic Trace Analysis by Liquid Chromatography focuses on high-performance liquid chromatography in the field of formulations analysis, which includes quality control of pharmaceutical preparations, pesticide formulations, cosmetics, and food colors. This book explores the application of liquid chromatography to trace analysis. Organized into 10 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the special requirements of liquid chromatography for trace analysis. This text then compares the approach to gas chromatography and formulations analysis, noting the significant difference. Other chapters consider the liquid chromatography equipment and examine the best types and conditions of instrumentation suitable for trace analysis. This book discusses as well the chromatography theory and includes descriptive accounts of the principles of the different forms of chromatography. The final chapter describes the typical approaches that are used for trace analysis. This book is a valuable resource for analysts engaged in the determination of trace organics in many various substrates.

  • Spectroscopy in Heterogeneous Catalysis

    • 1 Edición
    • W Delgass
    • Inglés
    Spectroscopy in Heterogeneous Catalysis deals with the applications of spectroscopy in heterogeneous catalysis. The concepts and capabilities of a particular technique, experimental procedures, and examples of all proven or potentially important applications are discussed. The use of spectroscopic measurements in guiding empirical approaches to applied problems and to fundamental studies of the chemical identity of catalytic surfaces is also described. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with a discussion on the scope of spectroscopy in catalysis and applications of spectroscopy to zeolite catalysts. The following chapters focus on infrared spectroscopy, with emphasis on the theory and interpretation of infrared spectra; Raman spectroscopy and the theory of the Raman effect; diffuse reflectance and photoacoustic spectroscopies; and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are also considered. The final chapter is devoted to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and its application to core electrons, along with the experimental equipment and procedures used. The applications of XPS to studies of surface behavior and catalyst composition and chemistry are outlined. This monograph will be a useful resource for physicists, researchers, and potential researchers in heterogeneous catalysis.

  • Photoabsorption, Photoionization, and Photoelectron Spectroscopy

    • 1 Edición
    • Joseph Berkowitz
    • Inglés
    Photoabsorption, Photoionization, and Photoelectron Spectroscopy explores photoabsorption processes involving individual, isolated molecules in the wavelength or photon energy range from the ionization thresholds of molecules (usually in the vacuum ultraviolet region) through the soft and hard X-ray region and beyond the ""K edge."" The interaction between electromagnetic radiation and isolated molecules based on photoabsorption, photoionization, and photoelectron spectroscopy studies is described, along with the techniques for measurement of total and partial cross sections. This book is comprised of eight chapters and examines the decomposition of molecules and molecular ions as well as mildly excited (valence shell excitation) and highly excited (inner shell excitation) molecules. After providing a general theoretical background, it discusses certain classes of atoms and molecules and considers electromagnetic interactions with gases. The following chapters focus on photoabsorption below the first ionization limit; quasi-discrete states above the first ionization potential; and the ionization continuum. Total photoabsorption and photoionization cross sections for selected molecules are also considered, and the angular distribution of photoelectrons is analyzed. The various measurement techniques are described in the last chapter. This monograph will be of interest to radiation chemists, radiation physicists, photochemists, mass spectrometrists, and perhaps radiation biologists.

  • Modern Methods of Steroid Analysis

    • 1 Edición
    • Erich Heftmann
    • Inglés
    Modern Methods of Steroid Analysis reviews modern methods of steroid analysis such as liquid column chromatography, mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography. Topics covered include qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant sterols by gas-liquid chromatography; Raman spectroscopy of steroids; nuclear magnetic resonance; and applications of lanthanide shift reagents. A computerized method for rapid comparison and retrieval of infrared spectral data is also described. This volume is comprised of 22 chapters and begins with an analysis of hormonal steroids using liquid column chromatography, followed by a discussion on the separation of insect molting hormones using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The reader is methodically introduced to the application of gradient elution and thin-layer chromatography to the analysis of corticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids, as well as some aspects of mass spectrometry in steroid analysis. Subsequent chapters explore other methods such as optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism, along with radioisotope techniques. In particular, the radioimmunoassay of plasma steroid hormones and plasma aldosterone is considered. This book should be of interest to biochemists.

  • Perturbations in the Spectra of Diatomic molecules

    • 1 Edición
    • Helene Lefebvre-Brion
    • Inglés
    Perturbations in the Spectra of Diatomic Molecules examines in sufficient detail the spectrum of every diatomic molecule. This book is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 describes the perturbations and simple procedures for evaluating matrix elements of angular momentum. The terms in the molecular Hamiltonian that are responsible for perturbations are elaborated in Chapter 2, while the process of reducing spectra to molecular constants and the difficulty of relating empirical parameters to terms in the exact molecular Hamiltonian are described in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 discusses the magnitudes and physical interpretations of matrix elements. The transition intensities, especially quantum mechanical interference effects, are reviewed in Chapter 5. The last two chapters are devoted to the two forms of perturbation—prediss... and autoionization. This publication is a good source for graduate students, theorists, experimentalists, and potential users of spectroscopic data.

  • Analytical Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Clyde Frank
    • Inglés
    Analytical Chemistry, Second Edition covers the fundamental principles of analytical chemistry. This edition is organized into 30 chapters that present various analytical chemistry methods. This book begins with a core of six chapters discussing the concepts basic to all of analytical chemistry. The fundamentals, concepts, applications, calculations, instrumentation, and chemical reactions of five major areas of analytical chemistry, namely, neutralization, potentiometry, spectroscopy, chromatography, and electrolysis methods, are emphasized in separate chapters. Other chapters are devoted to a discussion of precipitation and complexes in analytical chemistry. Principles and applications and the relationship of these reactions to the other areas are stressed. The remaining chapters of this edition are devoted to the laboratory. A chapter discusses the basic laboratory operations, with an emphasis on safety. This topic is followed by a series of experiments designed to reinforce the concepts developed in the chapters. This book is designed for introductory courses in analytical chemistry, especially those shorter courses servicing chemistry majors and life and health science majors.

  • Introductory Raman Spectroscopy

    • 1 Edición
    • John R. Ferraro + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Praise for Introductory Raman Spectroscopy

  • Aluminum Alloys--Contemporary Research and Applications

    Contemporary Research and Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 31
    • A. K. Vasudevan + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This book discusses the structure and properties of the current and potential aluminum alloys in terms of their structure (and structural transformations by new processing methods) and the relationship between structure and mechanical and other properties. The alternative materials that challenge aluminum are considered as well, since the challenge of new competitive materials is a strong influence on innovation. The book bridges the gap between current scientific understanding and engineering practice. It is an up-to-date reference that will be of use to researchers and advanced students in metallurgy and materials engineering.

  • Interpretation of Metallographic Structures

    • 1 Edición
    • William Rostoker + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Interpretation of Metallographic Structures, Third Edition, is concerned with metallography as a metallurgical tool. It is an organized presentation of specimen microstructures, each chosen for its clarity of illustration and each or in groups forming the pretext for discussions of the interrelation between physical metallurgy and metallography. The focus is on structures characteristic in a physical metallurgy sense, with the purpose of demonstrating that logical framework of interpretation can supplant mental storage of infinite variations. The book contains seven chapters and begins with a discussion of polycrystalline structures. This is followed by separate chapters on the metallography of fracture; crystallization processes including dendritic crystallization, peritectic crystallization, and metastable crystallization; solid state transformations; diffusion and transport processes; procedures for measuring metallographic features; and energy dispersive spectography. This book is directed toward the senior student as a preview of the scope of his subject and to the practicing metallurgist as a reintroduction.

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