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Elsevier

Libros en Ciencias de la Tierra y Planetarias

  • Advances in Geophysics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 29
    • Inglés

  • Biogeochemical Processes at the Land-Sea Boundary

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 43
    • P. Lasserre + 1 más
    • Inglés
    There is an intuitive belief among scientists that each estuary or lagoon is unique and different. Similarities do exist, however, and this book attempts to highlight some common properties and perhaps some innovative views on biogeochemical processes, and biological fluxes which are of central concern in the understanding of the land-sea boundary. The contents are based upon lectures given at a Seminar organised as the scientific component of the 17th General Meeting of SCOR, held at the Station Biologique de Roscoff, France, on 22-24 October 1984. The original lectures have been substantially extended and revised in order to give a fuller treatment of the subject. The contributions identify important processes influencing (I) Behaviour of chemical species, (II) Nutrient cycling and mechanisms of organic transformations and (III) Uptake of trace elements by living systems. The connection between terrestrial and oceanic systems is a functional one and the consequences of this linkage on the very large variety of coastal systems are profound. It is widely recognized that many of the major processes which influence the biological properties and chemical forms of elements, and their biogeochemical cycles in the ocean occur at the land-sea boundary, especially in estuaries, coastal lagoons, the coastline and the shelf. Over 80% of living systems and their fisheries take place in near shore waters and the consequential production of organic matter produced triggers off the high level of activity. Over the last fifteen years, there has been considerable stimulus to provide framework to evaluate the interactions and effects of human activities. The rich assemblage of tables and figures and of literature citations contained in the chapters provides an excellent basis for in-depth investigations.Ocean... limnologists, aquatic chemists, marine biologists, and environmental specialists will find this book highly valuable reading for advanced research and training purposes.

  • Atmospheric Chemical Compounds

    Sources, Occurrence and Bioassay
    • 1 Edición
    • T. E. Graedel + 2 más
    • Inglés
    This practical reference examines the structure and properties of the atmosphere, including listings of compounds in clouds, fog, rain, snow, and ice; a listing of compounds detected in the stratosphere; and a compendium of compounds in indoor air. An introduction to carcinogenicity and bioassay of atmospheric compounds is also presented. Readers will find the extensive cross-referencing especially useful--compounds can be located by chemical type, name, CAS registry number, or source.

  • Marine Mineral Exploration

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 41
    • H. Kunzendorf
    • Inglés
    The past 20 years have seen extensive marine exploration work by the major industrialized countries. Studies have, in part, been concentrated on Pacific manganese nodule occurrences and on massive sulfides on mid-oceanic ridges. An international jurisdictional framework of the sea-bed mineral resources was negotiated by the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III). A most important outcome of this conference was the establishment of an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of at least 200 nautical miles for all coastal states and the recognition of a deep-sea regime.Mineral deposits in EEZ areas are fairly unknown; many areas need detailed mapping and mineral exploration, and the majority of coastal or island states with large EEZ areas have little experience in exploration for marine hard minerals. This book describes the systematic steps in marine mineral exploration. Such exploration requires knowledge of mineral deposits and models of their formation, of geophysical and geochemical exploration methods, and of data evaluation and interpretation methods. These topics are described in detail by an international group of authors. A short description is also given of marine research vessels, evaluation of marine exploration examples; and an overview is provided of the jurisdictional situation after UNCLOS III.

  • Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics

    An Introductory Text
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 34
    • John Marshall + 1 más
    • Inglés
    For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography.

  • Kinematic Hydrology and Modelling

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 26
    • M.E. Meadows + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Requiring little mathematical background, the book provides tools for hydraulic engineers and hydrologists concerned with estimating catchment runoff and floods. It condenses widely spread research literature on the subject of kinematic hydrology and emphasizes basic principles so it should be of value to students and teachers in these areas. The book is comprehensive and yet written in a basic way enabling practitioners to pick out relevant sections and apply them to real problems. It also contains a valuable collection of charts and equations as well as simple computer programs for modelling catchment runoff and stream flow using the kinematic equations.A wide spectrum of hydrological processes can be analyzed using the kinematic equations. Overland flow, stream flow and even groundwater flow can be studied. A review of the assumptions behind the theory indicates where alternative equations are more accurate. The book thus provides tools for hydrological simulation, stormwater system design and catchment management. It will be particularly useful for professors and students in postgraduate and senior years in hydrology, and practicing engineers and hydrologists in stormwater, flood and water resources fields.

  • Marine Interfaces Ecohydrodynamics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 42
    • J.C.J. Nihoul
    • Inglés
    These proceedings describe physical and biological observations (including remote sensing observations) made at such diverse marine ergoclines as pynoclines, fronts, water-sediment and water-ice interfaces in different locations and environmental conditions. Mathematical models are described which are used to investigate the phenomena, providing a common language for their interpretation and the bases of the ecohydrodynamic study of marine interfaces.

  • Groundwater Modelling

    An Introduction with Sample Programs in BASIC
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 25
    • W. Kinzelbach
    • Inglés
    With the growing concern about groundwater resources both with respect to quantity and quality, the need for groundwater modelling tools is increasing. Although there are a number of excellent introductions to the concepts of groundwater flow and pollution transport, the student or practising engineer wishing to develop a model and do practical work on the computer finds that there is still a gap between the understanding of concepts and the ability to handle the actual computations. A great deal of groundwater modelling software for personal computers and microcomputers has appeared recently, but taking these models from the shelf and applying them without a background on their capabilities often leads to disappointment and frustration. This book provides the reader with all necessary details to start modelling on his own. It gives a comprehensive introduction to the major techniques currently used in the modelling of groundwater flow and pollutant transport in groundwater. Both self-contained and comprehensive, it presents a wide variety of methods currently applied in the management, protection, and remediation of groundwater resources, which allows the reader to take the step from understanding the concepts to the ability to handle actual computations. All major techniques are illustrated by a total of 19 sample programs in BASIC which can be modified by the reader to suit his own need. The programs can be run directly on an Apple II+ or compatible personal computer, and with slight modifications, most can be transferred to other microcomputers with BASIC capability and at least 48K of central memory. The necessary modifications for running the programs on an IBM-PC are indicated in the appendix.Students and professionals in the fields of hydrogeology and civil and environmental engineering will find this to be an extremely useful book. Knowledge of the basic concepts of hydrogeology is assumed and, starting from that basis, the book will enable them to understand mathematical groundwater models and write computer programs of their own.

  • Vitamins and Hormones

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 42
    • Inglés

  • Soil Physics with BASIC

    Transport Models for Soil-Plant Systems
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 14
    • G.S. Campbell
    • Inglés
    This book covers material taught in a graduate-level soil physics course at Washington State University. While most soil physics courses dwell mainly on deriving rather than solving the differential equations for transport, the author's approach is to focus on solutions. Graduate students in agricultural and biological sciences usually have a good working knowledge of algebra and calculus, but not of differential equations. In order to teach methods for solving very difficult differential equations with difficult boundary conditions using fairly simple mathematical tools, the author uses numerical procedures on microcomputers to solve the differential equations. Numerical methods convert differential equations into algebraic equations which can be solved using conventional methods of linear algebra.This book reflects the philosophy used in the course. Each chapter introduces soil physics concepts, generally in the conventional way. Most chapters then go on to develop simple computer programs to solve the equations and illustrate the points made in the discussion. Problems at the end of each chapter help the reader practice using the concepts introduced in the chapter. The problems and computer programs are an integral part of the presentation, and readers are strongly encouraged to experiment with each model until both the working of the model and the concepts it teaches are familiar. Although the programs are generally short and relatively simple, they are suitable for use as submodels in large, general-purpose models of the soil-plant-atmospher... system, and have been used in this way by the author and by several of his students.Teachers and students alike will welcome this new textbook. It will enable graduate students to understand and solve transport problems which exist in field situations, and will provide them with a good working knowledge of soil physics - fundamental to so many other areas in soil, plant and engineering sciences.

  • Soil Plasticity

    Theory and Implementation
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 38
    • W.F. Chen + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This book is addressed primarily to civil engineers familiar with such traditional topics as strength of materials, soil mechanics, and theory of elasticity and structures, but less familiar with the modern development of the mathematical theory of soil plasticity necessary to any engineer working under the general heading of nonlinear analysis of soil-structure system. This book will satisfy his needs in the case of the soil medium.It introduces the reader to the theory of soil plasticity and its numerical implementation into computer programs. The theory and method of computer implementation presented here are appropriate for solving nonlinear static dynamic problems in soil mechanics and are applicable for finite difference and finite element computer codes. A sample computer model subroutine is developed and this is used to study some typical soil mechanics problems.With its comprehensive coverage and simple, concise presentation, the book will undoubtedly prove to be very useful for consulting engineers, research and graduate students in geotechnical engineering.

  • Advances in Geophysics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 28B
    • Inglés

  • Soil Cutting and Tillage

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 7
    • E. McKyes
    • Inglés
    After giving a brief history of tillage practices and implements used throughout the world dating back to ancient times, this book goes on to describe the basic soil mechanics techniques needed to calculate the forces developed in soil by simple-shaped cutting tools. The methods of measuring soil mechanical properties, water pressure in soil and shear rate effects are touched upon. A review is given of two and three dimensional soil cutting mathematical mechanics models to predict soil cutting forces and soil volumes disturbed by cutting and tillage tools, as well as the state-of-the-art of soil loosening, structural rearrangement and plant growth as affected by tillage tools. The author also includes an introduction to the analysis of traction machines. There are many numerical examples of mechanical analyses and predictions worked out in the various sections of the book as well as numerous unsolved problems at the end of a number of the chapters.Written in a textbook style, this monograph is ideal for anyone wanting to learn modern techniques for the mechanical description of soil cutting and tillage forces and soil volumes disturbed. It also provides a reference for analytical formulae and calculated force forces. It will be of interest to universities and colleges worldwide which have Agricultural Engineering Programs, Civil and Mechanical Engineering schools which specialize in soil mechanics and construction machinery as well as to research stations worldwide with interests in soil tillage, soil physics etc.

  • Advances in Geophysics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 27
    • Inglés

  • Groundwater Monitoring Handbook for Coal and Oil Shale Development

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 24
    • L.G. Everett
    • Inglés
    Standing alone as the main authority on the subject, this handbook is the result of a multi-million dollar investigation into groundwater monitoring strategies at energy extraction sites. It gives a detailed, step-by-step description of a proven groundwater monitoring methodology which can be used at all potential pollution sites. This methodology, developed by the author and a ``blue ribbon'' team of hydrologists and hydrogeologists from all over the United States, is endorsed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as ``establishing the state-of-the-art used by industry today''.Although site-specific data are provided, the handbook is developed for general application to coal and oil shale development. All sources of potential groundwater contamination from these two energy extraction types are identified as part of the overall monitoring strategy. Sampling methods are presented, including well design, monitor well placement, sample collection methods, sampling frequency, sample preservation and handling, selection and preservation of constituents for monitoring, sample analysis, and interpretation of water quality data. A complete review is provided of drill stem steps, dual packer tests, long term pump tests, and single packer tests. In addition, hydraulic methods, the application of geophysical techniques including temperature, caliper, gamma ray, spinner, radioactive tracer, velocity, sonic, density, electric, and seisviewer logs are presented. The use of a chronological series of steps, each being fully developed and extensively referenced, means that it is particularly easy to follow for the reader wishing to establish a groundwater monitoring program at a coal or oil shale site. One of the great advantages of the handbook is that it is very detailed, with actual data provided.The handbook is a must for consulting engineers, coal and oil development companies, government and private environmental groups, institutes and universities involved in pollution studies. It will also undoubtedly be used to good advantage by teachers and students for many different types of courses including geological engineering, coal and oil shale mining, environmental geology, sanitary engineering, hydrogeology, etc.

  • Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 40
    • J.C.J. Nihoul
    • Inglés
    The exchange of momentum, heat, moisture, gases (such as CO2 and O2) and salt between the atmosphere and the ocean is a phenomenon of paramount importance for the dynamics of the atmosphere and the ocean. With the pressing need for reliable climate forecast (e.g. to deal with severe food and energy problems) interactive ocean-atmosphere models have become one of the main objectives of geophysical fluid dynamics. This volume provides the first state-of-the-art review of interactive ocean-atmosphere modelling and its application to climates. The papers are by active and eminent scientists from different countries and different disciplines. They provide a up-to-date survey of major recent discoveries and valuable recommendations for future research.

  • Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 64A
    • Inglés

  • Advances in Heat Transfer

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 17
    • Inglés

  • Numerical Models of Oceans and Oceanic Processes

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 66
    • Lakshmi H. Kantha + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Oceans play a pivotal role in our weather and climate. Ocean-borne commerce is vital to our increasingly close-knit global community. Yet we do not fully understand the intricate details of how they function, how they interact with the atmosphere, and what the limits are to their biological productivity and their tolerance to wastes. While satellites are helping us to fill in the gaps, numerical ocean models are playing an important role in increasing our ability to comprehend oceanic processes, monitor the current state of the oceans, and to a limited extent, even predict their future state.Numerical Models of Oceans and Oceanic Processes is a survey of the current state of knowledge in this field. It brings together a discussion of salient oceanic dynamics and processes, numerical solution methods, and ocean models to provide a comprehensive treatment of the topic. Starting with elementary concepts in ocean dynamics, it deals with equatorial, mid-latitude, high latitude, and coastal dynamics from the perspective of a modeler. A comprehensive and up-to-date chapter on tides is also included. This is followed by a discussion of different kinds of numerical ocean models and the pre- and post-processing requirements and techniques. Air-sea and ice-ocean coupled models are described, as well as data assimilation and nowcast/forecasts. Comprehensive appendices on wavelet transforms and empirical orthogonal functions are also included.This comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the field should be of interest to oceanographers, atmospheric scientists, and climatologists. While some prior knowledge of oceans and numerical modeling is helpful, the book includes an overview of enough elementary material so that along with its companion volume, Small Scale Processes in Geophysical Flows, it should be useful to both students new to the field and practicing professionals.

  • Enhanced Oil Recovery, I

    Fundamentals and Analyses
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 17A
    • E.C. Donaldson + 2 más
    • Inglés
    An in-depth study of the fundamental aspects of enhanced oil recovery (EOR), this book brings together detailed analyses of proven techniques. It begins with the current theories of the origin of oil and ends with a treatise on waterflooding which is the basis of the majority of EOR processes. Two and three-phase relative permeability relationships are discussed since they form the basis for fluid flow processes in porous media. The advent of EOR has increased the need for a better understanding of three-phase flow because this has become an integral part of carbon dioxide and steam injection, yet is an area of experimental study that has been seriously neglected. The book gives a complete review and theoretical analysis of two- and three-phase fluid flow, plus a basic introduction to single-well pressure transient testing which is essential to the evaluation of volume, intrinsic reservoir pressure, reservoir discontinuities, in situ permeability and many other data required for complete reservoir evaluation. A discussion of oilfield waters is followed closely by the chemical and physical properties of employing various current EOR techniques.The book will interest a wide range of readers. Teachers of petroleum engineering will find it a ready reference to basic requirements for implementation of various EOR processes. Petroleum engineering researchers can use it to review the current state-of-the-art of the basic premise of EOR and find in it the necessary background analyses for projection of future research. The field-oriented, practical petroleum engineer will discover it to be a reliable reference to criteria for pre-EOR reservoir analysis.

  • Hydrology of the Nile Basin

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 21
    • M.M.A. Shahin
    • Inglés
    A wealth of hydrological, hydrometeorological, hydrometrical and other related data covering nearly all parts of the Nile Basin is presented in this volume. After an introductory chapter on the Nile's history, chapters cover: the physiography, topography, and climate of the different parts of the Nile Basin; rainfall on the Basin, evaporation from open surfaces, and evapotranspiration from cropped areas. Rainfall data for a 30-year period from 1938 to 1967 are summarized and analyzed; evaporation and evapotranspiration measurements are presented, analyzed and discussed. In the absence of actual measurements, attempts have been made to estimate them from a number of formulae using the available climatological normals. The results obtained are important for planning, design and management of water supply and control projects, especially for irrigation and drainage. The geology of the Nile Basin is briefly reviewed and its effect on groundwater potentials, quality and quantity is discussed. Surface runoff and discharge at the key stations is covered, and an extensive review given of existing water storage, control and conservation projects in the Nile Basin.Thus the volume contains an enormous amount of data that will be of great practical value to consulting engineers. It is a book which should be in the library of all hydrological institutes and universities.

  • Streamflow Characteristics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 22
    • H.C. Riggs
    • Inglés
    Reliable estimates of streamflow characteristics are needed for planning, design, and operation of works for providing water supplies and for protection from flooding. This book brings together some of the most useful estimation methods - those that are simple, practical, and require only commonly available or readily obtainable data, and which give results comparable in accuracy with those derived from more sophisticated methods. The author describes how streamflow data are collected, how the characteristics are computed, how they are changed by man's activities, and how they are used in planning and design. Chapters describing statistical principles and techniques, and the effects of various climatic and physiographic factors on streamflow are included. The analytical methods are described in sufficient detail that the reader can apply them to his data. Further applications and other techniques are referred to in bibliographies.

  • Advances in Geophysics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 26
    • Inglés

  • Vitamins and Hormones

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 41
    • Inglés

  • Practical Aspects

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen B
    • Inglés
    Seismic Migration has been widely acclaimed by reviewers: one described it as ``undoubtedly excellent for geophysicists who require a thorough understanding of migration methods'', while another commented: ``Professor Berkhout leads his readers quickly to all essential points. The systematic treatment of the subject in terms of classical principles of acoustics and optics comes as a real refreshment. My professional colleagues value the book...''

  • Methods in Microbiology

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 15
    • Inglés

  • Advances in Heat Transfer

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 16
    • Inglés

  • Fish Physiology

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 10A
    • Inglés

  • Fish Physiology

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 10B
    • Inglés

  • Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling

    • 1 Edición
    • Roger A. Pielke
    • Inglés
    To effectively utilize mesoscale dynamical simulations of the atmosphere, it is necessary to have an understanding the basic physical and mathematical foundations of the models and to have an appreciation of how a particular atmospheric system works. Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling provides such an overview of mesoscale numerical modeling. Starting with fundamental concepts, this text can be used to evaluate the scientific basis of any simulation model that has been or will be developed. Basic material is provided for the beginner as well as more in-depth treatment for the specialist. This text is useful to both the practitioner and the researcher of the mesoscale phenomena.

  • Planets and Their Atmospheres: Origin and Evolution

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 33
    • Lewis
    • Inglés

  • The Acquisition of Logging Data

    Part A
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 15A
    • Inglés

  • Pipeflow Analysis

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 19
    • D.J. Stephenson
    • Inglés

  • The Earth's Magnetic Field : Its History, Origin, and Planetary Perspective

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 32
    • McElhinny
    • Inglés

  • Surveying and Charting of the Seas

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 37
    • W. Langeraar
    • Inglés
    A practical book for those engaged in marine surveying and charting activities who must acquire, process and present data for hydrographic or engineering purposes. It covers the latest instrumental and equipment development, automation and computerization, as well as conventional methods for those without access to sophisticated instrumentation.

  • Fish Physiology

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 9B
    • Inglés

  • Planets and Their Atmospheres

    Origins and Evolution
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 33
    • John S. Lewis + 1 más
    • William L. Donn
    • Inglés
    This work is addressed to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in astronomy, geology, chemistry, meteorology, and the planetary sciences as well as to researchers with pertinent areas of specialization who desire an introduction to the literature across the broad interdisciplinary range of this important topic. Extensive references to the pre-spacecraft literature will be particularly useful to readers interested in the historical development of the field during this century.

  • Fish Physiology

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 9A
    • Inglés

  • Advances in Insect Physiology

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 17
    • Inglés

  • Pedogenesis and Soil Taxonomy : The Soil Orders

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 11B
    • Inglés

  • Vitamins and Hormones

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 40
    • Inglés

  • Hydrology and Water Resources in Tropical Regions

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 18
    • J. Balek
    • Inglés
    A comprehensive, integrated view of the behaviour of the tropical hydrological cycle under various ecological, geographical and climatological conditions. The book also examines the problems of water management in relation to agriculture and civil engineering.

  • Pedogenesis and Soil Taxonomy: Concepts and Interactions

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 11A
    • Inglés

  • Advances in Geophysics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 25
    • Inglés

  • Theory of Charges

    A Study of Finitely Additive Measures
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 109
    • K.P.S. Bhaskara Rao + 1 más
    • Inglés

  • Hydrodynamics of the Equatorial Ocean

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 36
    • J.C.J. Nihoul
    • Inglés

  • Rock & Minerals

    • 1 Edición
    • B. Simpson
    • Inglés
    A textbook covering the essentials of crystallography, mineralogy, and the igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks for first year undergraduates. It is also suitable for A-level students.

  • Advances in Geophysics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 24
    • Inglés

  • Vitamins and Hormones

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 39
    • Inglés

  • Deformations of an Elastic Earth

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 31
    • Lanzano
    • Inglés

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