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Elsevier

Libros en Química

  • Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 37
    • Inglés
    The protean nature of the applications of NMR is regularly reflected in Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy. Volume 37 is no exception, and it is an ineluctable fact that all areas of science appear to benefit upon submission to the blandishments of NMR. The examples provided here encompass solid state NMR, solid state NMR imaging, NMR studies of interfaces, NMR investigations of cells and organisms, 199 Mercury NMR, and some applications of NMR to the area of coal science.

  • Applications in Industry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 120A
    • Inglés
    Volume I contains a brief review of adsorption history and its development for practical purposes up until now. It also presents some important information on adsorbents and catalysts as well as on the methods of their characterization. The part of this volume dealing with practical industrial applications includes chapters presenting advanced technical tools for high capacity adsorption separation of liquid and gas mixtures, development of new adsorbents for removal of hazardous contaminants from combustion flue gases and wastewaters, degasification of coal seams and fabrication of inorganic membranes and their applications. A comprehensive review is also included on contemporary utility of self-assembled monolayers, adsorption proteins and their role in modern industry, adsorption methods in technology of optical fibre glasses, sol-gel technology, solid desiccant dehumidification systems, etc. The articles give both the scientific backgrounds of the phenomena discussed and emphasize their practical aspects.The chapters give not only brief current knowledge about the studied problems, but are also a source of topical literature on the subject. A comprehensive bibliography on adsorption principles, design data and adsorbent materials for industrial applications for the period 1967-1997 concludes the book.

  • Thermodynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 65
    • Judith A. Curry + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Atmospheric and climatological studies are becoming more and more important in day-to-day living. Winds and ocean current owe their existence to the thermodynamic imbalances that arise from the differential heating of the Earth and air by the sun. Accounting for heat exchanges with the atmosphere and ocean is essential in any predictive model of the ocean and/or atmosphere. Thermodynamic feedback processes in the atmosphere and ocean are critical to understanding the overall stability of the Earth's climate and climate change. Water and its phase changes make the thermodynamics of the atmosphere and ocean uniquely interesting and challenging.Written by leading scientists in the field, Thermodynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans incorporates all the relevant information from the varying fields of dynamics meteorology, atmospheric physics and cloud physics, into a comprehensive, self-contained guide ideal for students and researchers of atmospheric thermodynamics. At the moment, courses in atmospheric thermdynamics typically have to use one or two chapters in textbooks on dynamic meteorology, atmospheric physics or cloud physics. This book combines these topics in one text.

  • Organometallic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy

    Theory and Practice
    • 2 Edición
    • Gerald B. Stringfellow
    • Inglés
    Organometallic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy describes the operation of a particular technique for the production of compound semiconductor materials. It describes how the technique works, how it can be used for the growth of particular materials and structures, and the application of these materials for specific devices. It contains not only a fundamental description of the operation of the technique but also contains lists of data useful for the everyday operation of OMVPE reactors. It also offers specific recipes that can be used to produce a wide range of specific materials, structures, and devices.

  • Studies in Natural Products Chemistry

    Structure and Chemistry (Part F)
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 20
    • Atta-ur Rahman
    • Inglés
    Natural Products Chemistry continues to grow at an increasing pace and this growth is reflected in the present volume of Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, which is the 20th of this series. The first 20 volumes were largely devoted to structure and synthesis of various classes of natural products, irrespective of their bioactivity. Subsequent volumes of this series will however be devoted to the chemistry of bioactive natural products and will therefore a departure from the earlier volumes.The present volume contains contributions from a number of eminent scientists and covers interesting reviews on terpenes, alkaloids and other types of natural products reported from terrestrial and marine sources. Comprehensive indexes covering all the 20 volumes have been prepared which include a Cumulative General Subject Index along with more focused Cumulative Indices on Organic Synthesis, Pharmacological Activity and Biological Source. This comprehensive indexing of the volumes should make the entire series much more valuable and user-friendly.

  • Analytical Pyrolysis of Natural Organic Polymers

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 20
    • S.C. Moldoveanu
    • Inglés
    Analytical pyrolysis is one of the many tools utilized for the study of natural organic polymers. This books describes in three parts the methodology of analytical pyrolysis, the results of pyrolysis for a variety of biopolymers, and several practical applications of analytical pyrolysis on natural organic polymers and their composite materials. Analytical pyrolysis methodology covers two distinct subjects, the instrumentation used for pyrolysis and the analytical methods that are applied for the analysis of the pyrolysis products. A variety of pyrolytic techniques and of analytical instruments commonly coupled with pyrolysis devices are given.The description of the results of pyrolysis for biopolymers and some chemically modified natural organic polymers is the core of the book. The main pyrolysis products of numerous compounds as well as the proposed mechanisms for their pyrolysis are described. In this part an attempt is made to present as much as possible the chemistry of the pyrolytic process of natural organic polymers.The applications of analytical pyrolysis include topics such as polymer detection used for example in forensic science, structure elucidation of specific polymers, and identification of small molecules present in polymers (anti-oxidants, plasticizers, etc.). Also, the degradation during heating is a subject of major interest in many practical applications regarding the physical properties of polymers. The applications to composite polymeric materials are in the fields of classification of microorganisms, study of a variety of biological samples, study of fossil materials, etc. Analytical pyrolysis can also be used for obtaining information on the burning area generate pyrolysates that have complex compositions. Their analysis is important in connection with health issues, environmental problems, and taste of food and cigarettes.Features of this book:• Presents analytical pyrolysis as a uniform subject and not as a conglomerate of scientific papers.• Puts together in an organized manner a large volume of available information in this specific field.• Provides original results which address subjects with relatively scarce information in literature.• Gives original views on subjects such as the parallel between the pyrolytic process and the ion fragmentation in mass spectrometry.• Includes the role of pyrolysis in the burning process.The three parts of the book are covered in 18 chapters, each divided into sections. Some sections are further divided by particular subjects. References are given for each chapter, and an effort has been made to include as much as possible from the available representative information. A few unpublished personal results are also included.

  • Progress in Heterocyclic Chemistry

    A Critical Review of the 1997 Literature Preceded by Two Chapters on Current Heterocyclic Topics
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 10
    • G.W. Gribble + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Progress in Heterocyclic Chemistry (PHC) is an annual review series commissioned by the International Society of Heterocyclic Chemistry (ISHC). The volumes in the series contain both highlights of the previous year's literature on heterocyclic chemistry and articles on new developing topics of interest to heterocyclic chemists.The highlight chapters in Volume 10 are all written by leading researchers in their field and these chapters constitute a systematic survey of the important original material reported in the literature on heterocyclic chemistry in 1997. Additional articles in this volume also review "The Synthesis of Chlorins, Bacteriochlorins, Isobacteriochlorins" and "Higher Reduced Porphyrins and Heterocyclic ortho-Quinodimethane... with previous volumes in the series, Volume 10 will enable academic and industrial chemistry and advanced students to keep abreast of developments in heterocyclic chemistry in an effortless way.

  • Advances in Density Functional Theory

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 33
    • Per-Olov Lowdin
    • Inglés
    Quantum mechanics can describe the detailed structure and behavior of matter, from electrons, atoms, and molecules, to the whole universe. It is one of the fields of knowledge that yield extraordinary precessions, limited only by the computational resources available. Among these methods is density functional theory (DFT), which permits one to solve the equations of quantum mechanics more efficiently than with any related method.The present volume represents the most comprehensive summary currently available in density functional theory and its applications in chemistry from atomic physics to molecular dynamics. DFT is currently being used by more than fifty percent of computational chemists.

  • Advances in Atomic Spectroscopy

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 4
    • J. Sneddon
    • Inglés
    This volume continues the series' cutting-edge reviews on developments in this field. Since its invention in the 1920s, electrostatic precipitation has been extensively used in industrial hygiene to remove dust and particulate matter from gases before entering the atmosphere. This combination of electrostatic precipitation is reported upon in the first chapter. Following this, chapter two reviews recent advances in the area of chemical modification in electrothermal atomization. Chapter three consists of a review which deal with advances and uses of electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. Flow injection atomic spectroscopy has developed rapidly in recent years and after a general introduction, various aspects of this technique are looked at in chapter four. Finally, in chapter five the use of various spectrometric techniques for the determination of mercury are described.

  • Designer Drugs Directory

    • 1 Edición
    • K. Valter + 1 más
    • J-C. Landry
    • Inglés
    This book is intended to serve as quick reference handbook on so-called designer drugs. These new, mainly synthetic compounds are also often referred to as analogues of controlled substances. This new work provides a unique directory of 104 designer drugs. This class of drugs is rapidly growing in variety and number of compounds. Although identification, toxicology and other properties have been thoroughly investigated, their analogues and derivatives remain poorly documented. This book fills the gap.Data which is available is often contradictory and confused. This directory provides a critical treatment of the subject which is thoroughly indexed including both the subject index and an index listing more that 230 street names of the described designer drugs.Divided into two parts; the first section describes aspects of designer drug manufacture, new abuse trends, sources of information and terminology. The second, descriptive part, classifies the drugs into ten main categories according to their chemical structure and prevalent pharmacological action. A separate chapter is devoted to each category, followed by a set of corresponding data sheets, street names and eventual synonyms, Toxicological data, short notes on the history of drugs as well as the most pertinent bibliographic references are included.

  • Advances in Inorganic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 46
    • Inglés
    Advances in Inorganic Chemistry presents timely and informative summaries of the current progress in a variety of subject areas within inorganic chemistry, ranging from bioinorganic to solid state. This acclaimed serial features reviews written by experts in the area and is an indispensable reference to advanced researchers. Each volume of Advances in Inorganic Chemistry contains an index, and each chapter is fully referenced.

  • The Nature of Mathematics and the Mathematics of Nature

    • 1 Edición
    • S. Andersson + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Chemistry, physics and biology are by their nature genuinely difficult. Mathematics, however, is man-made, and therefore not as complicated. Two ideas form the basis for this book: 1) to use ordinary mathematics to describe the simplicity in the structure of mathematics and 2) to develop new branches of mathematics to describe natural sciences.Mathematics can be described as the addition, subtraction or multiplication of planes. Using the exponential scale the authors show that the addition of planes gives the polyhedra, or any solid. The substraction of planes gives saddles. The multiplication of planes gives the general saddle equations and the multispirals. The equation of symmetry is derived, which contains the exponential scale with its functions for solids, the complex exponentials with the nodal surfaces, and the GD (Gauss Distribution) mathematics with finite periodicity.Piece by piece, the authors have found mathematical functions for the geometrical descriptions of chemical structures and the structure building operations. Using the mathematics for dilatation; twins, trillings, fourlings and sixlings are made, and using GD mathematics these are made periodic. This description of a structure is the nature of mathematics itself. Crystal structures and 3D mathematics are synonyms. Mathematics are used to describe rod packings, Olympic rings and defects in solids. Giant molecules such as cubosomes, the DNA double helix, and certain building blocks in protein structures are also described mathematically.

  • Electrochemistry at Metal and Semiconductor Electrodes

    • 1 Edición
    • Norio Sato
    • Inglés
    Electrochemisty at Metal and Semiconductor Electrodes covers the structure of the electrical double layer and charge transfer reactions across the electrode/electrolyt... interface. The purpose of the book is to integrate modern electrochemistry and semiconductor physics, thereby, providing a quantitative basis for understanding electrochemistry at metal and semiconductor electrodes.Electrons and ions are the principal particles which play the main role in electrochemistry. This text, therefore, emphasizes the energy level concepts of electrons and ions rather than the phenomenological thermodynamic and kinetic concepts on which most of the classical electrochemistry texts are based. This rationalization of the phenomenological concepts in terms of the physics of semiconductors should enable readers to develop more atomistic and quantitative insights into processes that occur at electrodes.The book incorporates many traditional disciplines of science and engineering such as interfacial chemistry, biochemistry, enzyme chemistry, membrane chemistry, metallurgy, modification of solid interfaces, and materials' corrosion. The text is intended to serve as an introduction for the study of advanced electrochemistry at electrodes and is aimed towards graduates and senior undergraduates studying materials and interfacial chemistry or those beginning research work in the field of electrochemistry.

  • Ligand Coupling Reactions with Heteroatomic Compounds

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 18
    • Inglés
    The whole field of ligand coupling has only emerged in the last decade as a basis for new synthetic transformations. As Professor Finet shows in this comprehensive survey, the recent clarification of reaction mechanisms of ligand coupling process around heteroatom centres, now provides an understanding of these reactions which are certain to permit their application in organic synthesis, thereby achieving transformations which are quite difficult to achieve by other methods. This book provides in a thorough and scholarly way, a balanced coverage of the whole field.

  • Adsorption by Powders and Porous Solids

    Principles, Methodology and Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • Jean Rouquerol + 2 más
    • Inglés
    The declared objective of this book is to provide an introductory review of the various theoretical and practical aspects of adsorption by powders and porous solids with particular reference to materials of technological importance. The primary aim is to meet the needs of students and non-specialists, who are new to surface science or who wish to use the advanced techniques now available for the determination of surface area, pore size and surface characterization. In addition, a critical account is given of recent work on the adsorptive properties of activated carbons, oxides, clays and zeolites.

  • Solid-Supported Combinatorial and Parallel Synthesis of Small-Molecular-Weight Compound Libraries

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 17
    • D. Obrecht + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The words "Combinatorial Chemistry" have different meanings to different people, ranging from split and mix strategies to parallel synthesis using robots, and embracing the whole range of preparative chemistry from organic molecules, to catalyst ligands, and even inorganic solids. All of these activities have in common an attempt to expand the diversity of structure available to the chemist as well as the access to this diversity, permitting the discovery of new and valuable biological acid material properties. In this outstanding survey of combinatorial organic chemistry, the authors, Obrecht who has established a new combinatorial chemistry company called Polyphor, and Villalgardo have brought together the literature, including that from 1998, and have concisely analysed the applications and achievements of this new field. This work will be of value to all chemists engaged in preparative work, both in industry and academe.

  • Brassinosteroids

    A New Class of Plant Hormones
    • 1 Edición
    • V. A. Khripach + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Plants possess the ability to biosynthesize a large variety of steroids, but it was not until 1979 that a hormonal function was demonstrated in plants. Today, about 40 structurally and functionally related steroids, known as brassinosteroids, have been isolated from natural sources. Brassinosteroids demonstrate various kinds of regulatory activities in the growth and development of plants. This book is based on a 1990 Russian monograph, but includes all important subsequent literature and developments, including unpublished data from the authors' laboratories.

  • Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 72
    • Inglés
    Established in 1960, Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry is the definitive serial in the area--one of great importance to organic chemists, polymer chemists, and many biological scientists. Written by established authorities in the field, the comprehensive reviews combine descriptive chemistry and mechanistic insight and yield an understanding of how the chemistry drives the properties.

  • Advanced Chromatographic and Electromigration Methods in BioSciences

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 60
    • I. Mikšík + 3 más
    • Inglés
    This book deals with chromatographic and electrophoretic methods applied for the separation (quantitation and identification) of biologically relevant compounds. It is assumed that the potential reader is familiar with the basics of chromatographic and electromigration methods. Individual separation modes are dealt with to an extent which follows their applicability for biomedical purposes: liquid chromatography and electromigration methods are therefore highlighted.Each chapter is completed with a list of recent literature covering the 1987-1997 period, which can be used for further guidance of the reader in his/her own field. The chapters have been written by specialists in a particular area and with an emphasis on applications to the biomedical field. This implies that theoretical and instrumental aspects are kept to a minimum which allows the reader to understand the text. Considerable attention is paid to method selection, detection and derivatization procedures and troubleshooting. The majority of examples given represent the analyses of typical naturally-occurring mixtures. Adequate attention is paid to the role of the biological matrix and sample pretreatment, and special attention is given to forensic, toxicological and clinical applications. The book is completed with an extensive Index of Compounds Separated.

  • Advances in Molecular Vibrations and Collision Dynamics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 3
    • Inglés
    This volume focuses on molecular clusters, bound by van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds. Twelve chapters review a wide range of recent theoretical and experimental advances in the areas of cluster vibrations, spectroscopy, and reaction dynamics. The authors are leading experts, who have made significant contributions to these topics.The first chapter describes exciting results and new insights in the solvent effects on the short-time photo fragmentation dynamics of small molecules, obtained by combining heteroclusters with femtosecond laser excitation. The second is on theoretical work on effects of single solvent (argon) atom on the photodissociation dynamics of the solute H2O molecule. The next two chapters cover experimental and theoretical aspects of the energetics and vibrations of small clusters. Chapter 5 describes diffusion quantum Monte Carlo calculations and non additive three-body potential terms in molecular clusters. The next six chapters deal with hydrogen-bonded clusters, reflecting the ubiquity and importance of hydrogen-bonded networks. The final chapter provides the microscopic theory of the dynamics and spectroscopy of doped helium cluster, highly quantum systems whose unusual properties have been studied extensively in the past couple of years.

  • Advances in Theoretically Interesting Molecules

    V4
    • 1 Edición
    • Randolph P. Thummel
    • Inglés

  • Vibrational Spectra: Principles and Applications with Emphasis on Optical Activity

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 85
    • P.L. Polavarapu
    • Inglés
    This book originated out of a desire to combine topics on vibrational absorption, Raman scattering, vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and Raman optical activity (VROA) into one source. The theoretical details of these processes are presented in ten different chapters. Using dispersive and Fourier transform techniques, the instrumentation involved in these spectral measurements are given in three chapters. Major emphasis is placed on the newer techniques, i.e. VCD and VROA, with the conventional vibrational absorption and vibrational Raman scattering methods incorporated as natural parts of the newer methods.Features of this book:• Comprehensive coverage of vibrational circular dichroism and vibrational Raman optical activity.• Coverage of theoretical and instrumental details.• A comprehensive survey of VCD and VROA applications is included, so that the reader can get an overview of theory, instrumentation and applications in one source.The topics covered are of an advanced level, which makes this book invaluable for graduate students and practising scientists in vibrational spectroscopy.

  • Chemistry and Biology

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 52
    • Inglés
    Alkaloids are a major group of natural products derived from a variety of organisms, which are widely used as medicinal and biological agents. This Series is world-renowned as the leading compilation of current reviews of this vast field. Internationally acclaimed for more than 40 years, this Series, founded by the late Professor R.H.F. Manske, continues to provide outstanding coverage of the rapidly expanding field of the chemotaxonomy, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis, and biology of all classes of alkaloids from higher and lower plants, marine organisms, or various terrestrial animals. Each volume provides, through its distinguished authors, up-to-date and detailed coverage of particular classes or sources of alkaloids. Over the years, this Series has become the standard in natural product chemistry to which all other book series aspire. The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology endures as an essential reference for all natural product chemists and biologists who have an interest in alkaloids, their diversity, and their unique biological profile.

  • Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

    Principles and Practice
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 1
    • Michael E. Brown
    • Inglés
    Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Volume 1: Principles and Practice describes the basic background information common to thermal analysis and calorimetry in general. Thermodynamic and kinetic principles are discussed along with the instrumentation and methodology associated with thermoanalytical and calorimetric techniques. The purpose is to collect the discussion of these general principles and minimize redundancies in the subsequent volumes that are concerned with the applications of these principles and methods. More unique methods, which pertain to specific processes or materials, are covered in later volumes.

  • Photokinetics

    Theoretical Fundamentals and Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 36
    • H. Mauser + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Many books cover the determination of rate constants under different experimental conditions and different chemical composition of the reaction mixture in their formal treatment of thermal kinetics. However, most textbooks are limited to simple mechanisms. In contrast, analogous treatment of photochemical reactions is limited to the publication of special reactions and investigations. Therefore, this book is aimed at providing an overall description of formal photokinetics covering a wider scope than the usual books on kinetics.This volume attempts to provide a concise treatment of both thermo- and photochemical reactions by means of generalised differential equations, their set-up in matrix notation, and their solution by a formalism using numerical integration. At a first glance this approach might be surprising. However, apart from the argument that the didactics of thermal reactions are easier to handle than those of kinetics, the book provides additional reasons in support of this approach. Therefore, the formalism derived allows the evaluation of photochemical reactions, which are superimposed thermal reactions taking into account that the amount of light absorbed varies during the reaction. Because of this, any approximation, either by using total absorbance or negligible absorbance, will cause considerable errors even for simple reactions. The approach chosen to transform the axis of the radiation time into a new variable that includes the photokinetic factor proves that formal kinetics can be applied to thermal and photochemical reactions as well, and even allows the handling of solutions that cannot be homogenised or solid samples in which the concentration varies locally. By using this approach to introduce partial photochemical quantum yields even complex mechanisms can be determined quantitatively.A large number of examples for different mechanisms and an introduction to many spectroscopic and chromatographic methods suitable for photokinetic analyses are provided to enable the reader to carry out a step-by-step evaluation of his own measurements. To reduce the number of formula in some chapters an appendix has been included which contains a detailed description of the calculus of some essential examples. For the convenience of the reader the following has been included:• A large number of examples describing the use of formula• A detailed description of the procedure for applying photokinetics to complex consecutive photoreactions• An Internet address where the reader can find a tutorial for this procedure:http://www... A simple macro to help in programming his own evaluation procedure.

  • Symmetry and Group theory in Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • M Ladd
    • Inglés
    A comprehensive discussion of group theory in the context of molecular and crystal symmetry, this book covers both point-group and space-group symmetries.

  • Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 33
    • David Robertson + 5 más
    • Inglés
    Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry provides timely and critical reviews of important topics in medicinal chemistry together with an emphasis on emerging topics in the biological sciences, which are expectedto provide the basis for entirely new future therapies.

  • Advances in Physical Organic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 31
    • Inglés
    The objective of the serial is to present considered reviews on the quantitative study of organic compounds and their behavior--physical organic chemistry in its broadest sense--in a manner accessible to a general readership.

  • Advances in Molecular Structure Research

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 4
    • M. Hargittai + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This volume is the fourth in the series and offers both quality and breadth. As a whole it reflects two increasingly discernible trends in modern structural chemistry. One trend is that parallel to the ever increasing specialization of techniques, there is a strong interaction between the techniques. This interaction crosses the boundaries between various experiments, between the experiments and computations, experiments and theory, and organic and inorganic chemistry. The other trend is the ever increasing penetration of the most modern aspects of structural chemistry the rest of chemistry, making the demarkation of structural chemistry increasingly fuzzy which is the most welcome development from a structural chemist's point of view.

  • Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 53
    • Inglés
    This volume is one of a series providing critical articles by research specialists in the industrial, analytical and technological aspects of biochemistry, organic chemistry and instrumentation methodology.

  • Advances in Metal and Semiconductor Clusters

    Cluster Materials
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 4
    • M.A. Duncan
    • Inglés
    Cluster Materials is the fourth volume of the highly successful series Advances in Metal and Semiconductor Clusters. In this volume the focus is on the properties of clusters which determine their potential applications as new materials. Metal and semiconductor clusters have been proposed as precursors for materials or as actual materials since the earliest days of cluster research. In the last few years, a variety of techniques have made it possible to produce clusters in sizes varying from a few atoms up to several thousand atoms. While some measurements are performed in the gas phase on non-isolated clusters, many cluster materials can now be isolated in macroscopic quantities and more convenient studies of their properties become possible. In this volume the authors focus on measurement of optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical and mechanical properties of clusters or of cluster assemblies. All of these properties must fall into acceptable ranges of behaviour before useful materials composed of clusters can be put into practical applications. As evidenced by the various work described here, the realisation of practical products based on cluster materials seems to be approaching rapidly.

  • Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 71
    • Inglés
    Established in 1960, Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry is the definitive serial in the area--one of great importance to organic chemists, polymer chemists, and many biological scientists. Written by established authorities in the field, the comprehensive reviews combine descriptive chemistry and mechanistic insight and yield an understanding of how the chemistry drives the properties.

  • Starch: Basic Science to Biotechnology

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 41
    • Inglés
    This volume presents the physiological and biochemical aspects of storage carbohydrates, or starch granules, in plants. This up-to-date and thorough resource carefully integrates fundamental knowledge with the most recent information on the starch granule. It discusses the chemistry of the starch granule and the biochemistry, molecular biology, plant physiology, and genetics of plant starch synthesis. The books also describes the implications of these studies for theseed, biotechnology, and modified starch industries.

  • Advances in Carbene Chemistry, Volume 2

    • 1 Edición
    • U.H. Brinker
    • Inglés
    Beginning as chemical curiosities, carbenes are now solidly established as reactive intermediates with fascinating and productive research areas of their own. Five decades of divalent carbon chemistry have provided us with a vast repertoire of new, unusual and surprising reactions. Some of those reactions, once classified as exotic, have become standard methods in organic synthesis. These highly reactive carbene species have been harnessed and put to work to achieve difficult synthetic tasks that other reactive intermediates cannot easily perform. The fruitful relationship between experiment and theory has pushed carbene chemistry further toward the direction of reaction control; that is, regio- and stereoselectivity in intra- and intermolecular addition and insertion reactions. The interplay between experiment and modern spectroscopy has led to the characterisation of many carbenes that are crucial to both an understanding and a further development of this field. Understanding of carbene chemistry has advanced dramatically, especially in the last decade, and new developments continue to emerge. Some of the recent exciting findings have been collected in the first volume of Advances in Carbene Chemistry. With this second volume, the series will continue to provide a periodic coverage of carbene chemistry in its broadest sense - leading into the next century.

  • Applied Spectroscopy

    A Compact Reference for Practitioners
    • 1 Edición
    • Jerry Workman Jr. + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This book delineates practical, tested, general methods for ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectrometry in clear language for novice users, and serves as a reference resource for advanced spectroscopists. Applied Spectroscopy includes important information and equations which will be referred to regularly. The book emphasizes reflectance and color measurements due to their common usage in todays spectroscopic laboratories, and contains methods for selectinga measurement technique as well as solar and color measurements. Written by experts in the field, this text covers spectrometry of new materials, ceramics, and textiles, and provides an appendix of practical reference data for spectrometry.

  • Data Analysis and Signal Processing in Chromatography

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 21
    • A. Felinger
    • Inglés
    This book gives an overview of the numerical data analysis and signal treatment techniques that are used in chromatography and related separation techniques. Emphasis is given to the description of the symmetrical and asymmetrical chromatographic peak shape models. Both theoretical and empirical models are discussed.The fundamentals of data acquisition, types and effect of baseline noise, and methods of improving the signal-to-noise ratio (either in time or in frequency and wavelet domain) are thoroughly discussed. Resolution enhancement techniques, such as curve fitting, deconvolution by Fourier and wavelet transforms, iterative deconvolution, Kalman filtering and multivariate methods of curve resolution are all discussed with several chromatographic examples. Quantitative analysis by peak area of peak height measurement, the precision and accuracy of the quantitation of stand-alone or overlapping and symmetrical or asymmetrical peaks are treated. In a separate chapter, guidelines are given for the use of transform techniques for the analysis of chromatograms. A statistical description of peak overlap is given in the final chapters. Since the concept of resolution has to be reconsidered when one separates complex mixtures, the problem of resolution and overlap is quantitatively discussed by means of statistical methods, and by using Fourier analysis of the complex chromatogram.Feature... of this book• The ultimate source of numerical techniques to enhance chromatographic data• Gives a detailed description of signal and resolution enhancement techniques in a manner applicable for enhancing not only chromatography, but also spectroscopic and other analytical signals• The first book with a thorough overview of the statistics of peak overlap.This is the first volume to encompass both the simple and more sophisticated methods for the numerical treatment of chromatograms. It is, therefore, the fundamental resource of numerical analysis methods for every analyst.

  • Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 36
    • Inglés
    This volume has brings together three examples of leading work in the field of NMR Spectroscopy. The contributions show very different applications of spectroscopy, which serve to highlight its importance in an ever increasing number of fields, pure and applied.

  • Advances in Gas Phase Ion Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 3
    • N.G. Adams + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Gas-phase ion chemistry is a broad field which has many applications and which encompasses various branches of chemistry and physics. An application that draws together many of these branches is the synthesis of molecules in interstellar clouds. This was part of the motivation for studies on the neutralization of ions by electrons and on isomerization in ion-neutral associations. The results of investigations of particular aspects of ion dynamics are presented in this volume. Solvation in ion-molecule reactions is discussed and extended to include multiply charged ions by the application of electrospray techniques. This volume also provides a wealth of information on reaction thermodynamics which is critical in determining reaction spontaneity and availability of reaction channels. More focused studies are also presented towards the end of this volume, relating to the ionization process and its nature.

  • Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 12
    • S.W. Pelletier
    • Inglés
    Acronycine, a potent antitumor agent, was discovered in the bark of the small Australian Rutaceous tree, Acronychia baueri Schott. This new work presents a comprehensive survey of the isolation, structure determination, methods of synthesis, and the biological properties of acronycine, as well as an account of natural and synthetic analogues of acronycine, and their biological properties.Solanum alkaloids were reviewed in 1990 and this book surveys the new developments (isolation procedures, structural elucidation methods) and critically updates earlier reviews. In addition it presents the interesting chemistry and synthesis of cyclopeptide alkaloids. These cyclopeptide alkaloids have been isolated from ascidians, sea hares, and cyanobacteria. Also included are reviews of the use of the functionalized lactam, pyroglutamic acid, as a chiral template for the synthesis of alkaloids. The second review examines the on-line coupling of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of alkaloid mixtures. Finally a review of oxygenated analogs of the alkaloid Marcfortine for their potent antiparasitic activity is included at the end of this work. Each chapter in this volume has been reviewed by at least one expert in the field. Indexes for both subjects and organisms are provided.

  • Advances in Catalysis

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 42
    • Inglés
    Since 1948, this Series has filled the gap between the papers that report and the textbooks that teach in the diverse areas of catalysis research. The editors of and contributors to Advances in Catalysis are dedicated to recording progress in this area. Each volume of Advances in Catalysis contains articles covering a subject of broad interest.

  • Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 35
    • Inglés
    Volume 35 reflects the new diverse utilization of NMR Spectroscopy, with four papers from very different areas of the field. These papers include not only recent developments in NMR but also its wide-ranging applications.

  • Advances in Organometallic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 42
    • Inglés
    This widely-acclaimed serial contains authoritative reviews that address all aspects of organometallic chemistry, a field which has expanded enormously since the publication of Volume 1 in 1964. Almost all branches of chemistry and material science now interface with organometallic chemistry--the study of compounds containing carbon-metal bonds. Organometallic compounds range from species which are so reactive that they only have a transient existence at ambient temperatures to species which are thermally very stable. Organometallics are used extensively in the synthesis of useful compounds on both large and small scales. Industrial processes involving plastics, polymers, electronic materials, and pharmaceuticals all depend on advancements in organometallic chemistry. In basic research, organometallics have contributed inter alia to:* Metal cluster chemistry* Surface chemistry* The stabilization of highly reactive species by metal coordination* Chiral synthesis* The formulation of multiple bonds between carbon and the other elements and between the elements themselvesThis book is an essential reference work for the academic and industrial chemist and will provide up-to-date material at the cutting edge of chemistry research.

  • Chemistry and Biology

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 51
    • Inglés
    Chemistry and Biology is a celebration of the outstanding contributions to the field by Professor R.H.F. Manske, who founded the series in 1950. This special volume demonstrates the dramatic changes in alkaloidchemistry since then. It also offers a unique overview of recent developments in major areas of alkaloid chemistry and biology and looks at how these areas will develop in the future. These fourteen contributions are written by many of the leading alkaloid chemists in the world, and thus comprise a unique view of alkaloids and their contributions to the health and well-being of humankind.

  • Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances and Excipients

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 25
    • Inglés
    Although the official compendia define a drug substance as to identity, purity, strength, and quality, they normally do not provide other physical or chemical data, nor do they list methods of synthesis or pathways of physical or biological degradation and metabolism. Such information is scattered throughout the scientific literature and the files of pharmaceutical laboratories. Edited by the Associate Director of Analytical Research and Development for the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances and Excipients brings this information together into one source. The scope of the series has recently been expanded to include profiles of excipient materials.

  • The Combinatorial Index

    • 1 Edición
    • Barry A. Bunin
    • Inglés
    With the explosion of combinatorial solid-phase methods, access to information has become one of the main barriers facing a synthetic chemist who is contemplating a combinatorial approach to a medicinal chemistry problem. The Combinatorial Index is an answer to that problem. This compendium of methods from the primary literature provides quick and convenient access to reliable synthetic transformations as well as information on linkers and analytical methods. Each synthetic procedure is preceded by a section entitled"Points of Interest,"which highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the various studies. The index also covers the use of solution-based synthesis for the generation of molecular diversity.

  • Trends in Drug Research II

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 29
    • H. van der Goot
    • Inglés
    This volume of Pharmacochemistry Library comprises the text of invited lectures presented at the 11th Noordwijkerhout-Came... Symposium Trends in Drug Research, held in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, from 11-15 May 1997. In the programme attention has been given to the generation of new biological target systems and the generation of new lead molecules, with presentations on e.g. combinatorial chemistry, compound libraries, database search, high throughput screening and molecular biology. Other topics discussed were the perspectives for new medicines for the gastro-intestinal tract, the major developments in the search for effective anti-HIV drugs and new aspects in synthetic approaches. In a special session three topics which currently draw much attention were discussed: How to deal with the major problem of resistance against antimirobial agents? Can the apoptosis mechanism be used as a drug target? Is the newly observed phenomenon of inverse agonism a general principle and has it consequences for drug development (and use?)

  • Stable Isotopes in Pharmaceutical Research

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 26
    • T.R. Browne
    • Inglés
    Stable isotope techniques offer advantages in safety, sensitivity, specificity, and economy for many types of pharmaceutical investigations when compared to conventional techniques. Nevertheless, pharmaceutical researchers are slow to embrace stable isotope techniques.This book assembles in one place comprehensive reviews of the many applications of stable isotopes and the background material necessary to understand the application. This approach is a deliberate attempt to encourage the usage of stable isotopes in pharmaceutical research. A bonus to the reader is the high standard of contributions from a very talented and diverse group of investigators.

  • Drops and Bubbles in Interfacial Research

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 6
    • D. Mobius + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The shape of drops and bubbles is the centre of interest for many interfacial scientists. This book describes the most recent accomplishments to make use of drops and bubbles in fundamental research and application.After a general introduction into the mechanics of liquid menisci, chapters are dedicated to methods based on drops or bubbles. The chapters about the three main drop experiments provide the theoretical basis, a description of experimental set-ups, specific advantages and disadvantages, correction and calibration problems, experimental examples and their interpretation: pendent and sessile drop, drop volume, and spinning drop technique. The chapter about capillary pressure methods summarises different techniques and gives examples of applications, for instance measurements under microgravity.The maximum bubble pressure technique as a particular capillary pressure method is described, with emphasis on the most recent developments which made this technique applicable to extremely short adsorption times, down to the range of milliseconds and less. Problems connected with aerodynamics and hydrodynamics are discussed and used to show the limits of this widely used standard method.The oscillating bubble technique provides information not available by other techniques, for example about the dilational rheology of adsorption layers and relaxation processes at the interface. The description of rising bubbles in surfactant solutions will contain the hydrodynamic basis as well as the theoretical description of the effect of interfacial layers on the movement of bubbles. Besides the theoretical basis experimental data, such as water purification, flotation processes etc. and the relevance for practical applications will be presented. The chapter about lung alveols demonstrates how important bubbles built by biological membranes are in everyday life. The relevance for medicine and biology as well as model studies is discussed.An important example for the application of drops is metallurgy, where the surface tension of metals and alloys is an important parameter for many applications. The chapters on drop shape analysis by using fibre technique and on force measurements between emulsion droplets are of much practical relevance.Lists of references and symbols are given separately at the end of each chapter while a common subject index is given at the end of the book.

  • Theoretical Organic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 5
    • C. Párkányi
    • Inglés
    This volume is devoted to the various aspects of theoretical organic chemistry. In the nineteenth century, organic chemistry was primarily an experimental, empirical science. Throughout the twentieth century, the emphasis has been continually shifting to a more theoretical approach. Today, theoretical organic chemistry is a distinct area of research, with strong links to theoretical physical chemistry, quantum chemistry, computational chemistry, and physical organic chemistry.The objective in this volume has been to provide a cross-section of a number of interesting topics in theoretical organic chemistry, starting with a detailed account of the historical development of this discipline and including topics devoted to quantum chemistry, physical properties of organic compounds, their reactivity, their biological activity, and their excited-state properties.

  • Advanced Problems in Organic Reaction Mechanisms

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 16
    • Inglés
    The Elsevier Tetrahedron Organic Chemistry Series is a topical series of monographs by world-renowned scientists in several fields of organic chemistry. The Tetrahedron Organic Chemistry Series has been very successful in providing some of the very best scholarly works in these topical areas that have proven to be of lasting quality as indispensable reference sources. These books have provided the practicing researcher, student and scholar with an invaluable source of comprehensive reviews in organic chemistry, predominantly in the areas of synthesis and structure determination, including:* Reagents* Reaction mechanisms* Molecular Diversity* Asymmetric Synthesis* Multi-dimensional nmr* Enzymatic Synthesis* Organometallic Chemistry* Biologically Important Molecules

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