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Elsevier

Libros en Ciencia de Materiales

  • Spintronics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 82
    • Tomasz Dietl + 3 más
    • Inglés
    This new volume focuses on a new, exciting field of research: Spintronics, the area also known as spin-based electronics. The ultimate aim of researchers in this area is to develop new devices that exploit the spin of an electron instead of, or in addition to, its electronic charge. In recent years many groups worldwide have devoted huge efforts to research of spintronic materials, from their technology through characterization to modeling. The resultant explosion of papers in this field and the solid scientific results achieved justify the publication of this volume. Its goal is to summarize the current level of understanding and to highlight some key results and milestones that have been achieved to date. Semiconductor spintronics is expected to lead to a new generation of transistors, lasers and integrated magnetic sensors that can be used to create ultra-low power, high-speed memory, logic and photonic devices. In addition, development of novel devices such as spin-polarized light emitters, spin field effect transistors, integrated sensors and high-temperature electronics is anticipated.

  • Materials Science for Engineering Students

    • 1 Edición
    • Traugott Fischer
    • Inglés
    Materials Science for Engineering Students offers students of introductory materials science and engineering, and their instructors, a fresh perspective on the rapidly evolving world of advanced engineering materials. This new, concise text takes a more contemporary approach to materials science than the more traditional books in this subject, with a special emphasis on using an inductive method to first introduce materials and their particular properties and then to explain the underlying physical and chemical phenomena responsible for those properties. The text pays particular attention to the newer classes of materials, such as ceramics, polymers and composites, and treats them as part of two essential classes – structural materials and functional materials – rather than the traditional method of emphasizing structural materials alone. This book is recommended for second and third year engineering students taking a required one- or two-semester sequence in introductory materials science and engineering as well as graduate-level students in materials, electrical, chemical and manufacturing engineering who need to take this as a core prerequisite.

  • Molecular Characterization and Analysis of Polymers

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 53
    • John M. Chalmers + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Written by expert contributors from the academic and industrial sectors, this book presents traditional and modern approaches to polymer characterization and analysis. The emphasis is on pragmatics, problem solving and property determination; real-world applications provide a context for key concepts. The characterizations focus on organic polymer and polymer product microstructure and composition.

  • Delamination Behaviour of Composites

    • 1 Edición
    • Srinivasan Sridharan
    • Inglés
    Given such advantages as low weight compared to strength and toughness, laminated composites are now used in a wide range of applications. Their increasing use has underlined the need to understand their principal mode of failure, delamination. This important book reviews key research in understanding and preventing delamination.The first part of the book reviews general issues such as the role of fracture mechanics in understanding delamination, design issues and ways of testing delamination resistance. Part two describes techniques for detecting and characterising delamination such as piezoelectric sensors, the use of lamb waves and acoustic emission techniques. The next two sections of the book discuss ways of studying and modelling delamination behaviour. The final part of the book reviews research on delamination behaviour in particular conditions such as shell and sandwich structures, z-pin bridging and resin bonding.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Delamination behaviour of composites is a standard reference for all those researching laminated composites and using them in such diverse applications as microelectronics, aerospace, marine, automotive and civil engineering.

  • Tribology of Natural Fiber Polymer Composites

    • 1 Edición
    • Inglés
    Environmental concerns are driving demand for bio-degradable materials such as plant-based natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. These composites are fast replacing conventional materials in many applications, especially in automobiles, where tribology (friction, lubrication and wear) is important. This book covers the availability and processing of natural fiber polymer composites and their structural, thermal, mechanical and, in particular, tribological properties.Chapter 1 discusses sources of natural fibers, their extraction and surface modification. It also reviews the thermal, structural, mechanical, spectroscopic and morphological properties of unmodified and chemically modified natural fibers such as sisal, jute, wood, bamboo and cotton together with their potential applications. Chapter 2 gives a brief introduction to the tribology of polymer composites and the role of fiber reinforcement and fillers in modifying their tribological properties. Further chapters discuss the chemical composition, physical structure, mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of polymer composites reinforced with sisal, jute, cotton and bamboo fibers. The tribological behaviour of wood polymer composites (WPCs) is also discussed.Tribology of natural fibre polymer composites is a useful reference guide for engineers, scientific and technical personnel involved in the development of natural fiber composites. In particular it will give an insight into mechanical properties and failure mechanisms in situations where wear, lubrication and friction are a problem.

  • Physical Properties of Textile Fibres

    • 4 Edición
    • J. W. S. Hearle + 1 más
    • Inglés
    First published in 1962, and now in its fourth edition, Physical properties of textile fibres has become a classic, providing the standard reference on key aspects of fibre performance. The new edition has been substantially reorganised and revised to reflect new research.After introductory chapters on fibre structure, testing and sampling, the book reviews key fibre properties, their technical significance, factors affecting these properties and measurement issues. Each chapter covers both natural and synthetic fibres, including high-performance fibres. The book first reviews properties such as fineness, length and density. It then considers thermal properties and reaction to moisture. A further group of chapters then reviews tensile properties, thermo-mechanical responses, fibre breakage and fatigue. Finally, the book discusses dielectric properties, electrical resistance and static, optical properties and fibre friction.Written by one of the world’s leading authorities, the fourth edition of Physical properties of textile fibres consolidates its reputation as a standard work both for those working in the textile industry and those teaching and studying textile science.

  • Physics of Carbon Nanotube Devices

    • 1 Edición
    • Francois Leonard
    • Inglés
    Possibly the most impactful material in the nanotechnology arena, carbon nanotubes have spurred a tremendous amount of scientific research and development. Their superior mechanical and chemical robustness makes them easily manipulable and allows for the assembly of various types of devices, including electronic, electromechanical, opto-electronic and sensing devices.In the field of nanotube devices, however, concepts that describe the properties of conventional devices do not apply. Carbon nanotube devices behave much differently from those using traditional materials, and offer entirely new functionality. This book – designed for researchers, engineers and graduate students alike – bridges the experimental and theoretical aspects of carbon nanotube devices. It emphasizes and explains the underlying physics that govern their working principles, including applications in electronics, nanoelectromechanica... systems, field emission, optoelectronics and sensing. Other topics include: electrical contacts, p-n junctions, transistors, ballistic transport, field emission, oscillators, rotational actuators, electron-phonon scattering, photoconductivity, and light emission. Many of the aspects discussed here differ significantly from those learned in books or traditional materials, and are essential for the future development of carbon nanotube technology.• Bridges experimental and theoretical aspects of carbon nanotube devices, focusing on the underlying physics that govern their working principles • Explains applications in electronics, nanoelectromechanica... systems, field emission, optoelectronics and sensing. • Other topics include: electrical contacts, p-n junctions, transistors, ballistic transport, field emission, oscillators, rotational actuators, electron-phonon scattering, photoconductivity, and light emission. • Covers aspects that significantly differ from those learned in traditional materials, yet are essential for future advancement of carbon nanotube technology.

  • Self-diffusion and Impurity Diffusion in Pure Metals

    Handbook of Experimental Data
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 14
    • Gerhard Neumann + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Diffusion in metals is an important phenomenon, which has many applications, for example in all kinds of steel and aluminum production, and in alloy formation (technical applications e.g. in superconductivity and semiconductor science). In this book the data on diffusion in metals are shown, both in graphs and in equations.Reliable data on diffusion in metals are required by researchers who try to make sense of results from all kinds of metallurgical experiments, and they are equally needed by theorists and computer modelers. The previous compilation dates from 1990, and measurements relying on the electron microprobe and the recent Rutherford backscattering technique were hardly taken into account there.This reference book, containing all results on self-diffusion and impurity diffusion in pure metals with an indication of their reliability, will be useful to everyone in this field for the theory, fundamental research and industrial applications covered.

  • Ageing of Composites

    • 1 Edición
    • Rod Martin
    • Inglés
    Ageing of composites is a highly topical subject given the increasing use of composites in structural applications in many industries. Ageing of composites addresses many of the uncertainties about the long-term performance of composites and how they age under conditions encountered in service.The first part of the book reviews processes and modelling of composite ageing including physical and chemical ageing of polymeric composites, ageing of glass-ceramic matrix composites, chemical ageing mechanisms, stress corrosion cracking, thermo-oxidative ageing, spectroscopy of ageing composites, modelling physical and accelerated ageing and ageing of silicon carbide composites. Part two examines ageing of composites in transport applications including aircraft, vehicles and ships. Part three reviews ageing of composites in non-transport applications such as implants in medical devices, oil and gas refining, construction, chemical processing and underwater applications.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Ageing of composites is a valuable reference guide for composite manufacturers and developers. It also serves as a source of information for material scientists, designers and engineers in industries that use composites, including transport, chemical processing and medical engineering.

  • Plastic Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

    • 1 Edición
    • M. Bill Wong
    • Inglés
    The plastic analysis method has been used extensively by engineers for designing steel structures. Simpler structures can be analyzed using the basic virtual work formulation, but more complex frames are evaluated with specialist computer software. This new book sets out a method for carrying out plastic analysis of complex structures without the need for specialist tools.The book provides an introduction to the use of linear programming techniques for plastic analysis. This powerful and advanced method for plastic analysis is important in an automated computational environment, in particular for non-linear structural analysis.A detailed comparison between the design codes for the United States and Australia and the emerging European Eurocodes enables practising engineers to understand the issues involved in plastic design procedures and the limitations imposed by this design method.

  • Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 152
    • Inglés
    Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics merges two long-running serials--Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. This series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.

  • Adhesives Technology Handbook

    • 2 Edición
    • Sina Ebnesajjad + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Following the successful first, the second edition is a complete guide to all that is required to successfully bond materials. It is both a reference and a source for learning the basics for those involved in the entire product value chains. Basic principles of adhesion such as surface characterization, types of adhesive bonds, and adhesion failure topics are covered in addition to a description of common adhesive materials and application techniques.

  • High Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion of Metals

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 1
    • David John Young
    • Inglés
    This book is concerned with providing a fundamental basis for understanding the alloy-gas oxidation and corrosion reactions observed in practice and in the laboratory. Starting with a review of the enabling thermodynamic and kinetic theory, it analyzes reacting systems of increasing complexity. It considers in turn corrosion of a pure metal by a single oxidant and by multi-oxidant gases, followed by corrosion of alloys producing a single oxide then multiple reaction products. The concept of “diffusion paths” is used in describing the distribution of products in reacting systems, and diffusion data is used to predict reaction rates whenever possible.

  • Carbon Nanotubes: Quantum Cylinders of Graphene

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 3
    • Inglés
    This volume is devoted to mostly to nanotubes, unique synthetic nanoscale quantum systems whose physical properties are often singular (i.e. record-setting). Nanotubes can be formed from a myriad of atomic or molecular species, the only requirement apparently being that the host material or “wall fabric” be configurable as a layered or sheet-like structure. Nanotubes with sp2-bonded atoms such as carbon, or boron together with nitrogen, are the champions of extreme mechanical strength, electrical response (either highly conducting or highly insulating), and thermal conductance. Carbon nanotubes can be easily produced by a variety of synthesis techniques, and for this reason they are the most studied nanotubes, both experimentally and theoretically. Boron nitride nanotubes are much more difficult to produce and only limited experimental characterization data exist. Indeed, for boron nitride nanotubes, theory is well ahead of experiment. For these reasons this volume deals largely with carbon nanotubes. Conceptually, the "building block" for a carbon nanotube is a single sheet of graphite, called graphene. Recently, it has become possible to experimentally isolate such single sheets (either on a substrate or suspended). This capability has in turn fueled many new theoretical and experimental studies of graphene itself. It is therefore fitting that this volume contains also a chapter devoted to graphene.

  • Hydrometallurgy

    Principles and Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • T Havlik
    • Inglés
    This book is concerned with the theoretical principles of hydrometallurgical processes and engineering aspects. The hydrometallurgical processes of production of copper are discussed and leaching of chalcopyrite as the main sulphide mineral of copper processed in industry is used as an example. The book is suitable as a university textbook for students of metallurgy.

  • Inorganic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • James E. House
    • Inglés
    Inorganic Chemistry provides essential information in the major areas of inorganic chemistry. The author emphasizes fundamental principles—including molecular structure, acid-base chemistry, coordination chemistry, ligand field theory, and solid state chemistry — and presents topics in a clear, concise manner. Concise coverage maximizes student understanding and minimizes the inclusion of details students are unlikely to use. The discussion of elements begins with survey chapters focused on the main groups, while later chapters cover the elements in greater detail. Each chapter opens with narrative introductions and includes figures, tables, and end-of-chapter problem sets. This text is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate-level students enrolled in the inorganic chemistry course. The text may also be suitable for biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, and other professionals who wish to learn more about this subject are.

  • Phase Transitions in Polymers: The Role of Metastable States

    • 1 Edición
    • Stephen Z.D. Cheng
    • Inglés
    A classical metastable state possesses a local free energy minimum at infinite sizes, but not a global one. This concept is phase size independent. We have studied a number of experimental results and proposed a new concept that there exists a wide range of metastable states in polymers on different length scales where their metastability is critically determined by the phase size and dimensionality. Metastable states are also observed in phase transformations that are kinetically impeded on the pathway to thermodynamic equilibrium. This was illustrated in structural and morphological investigations of crystallization and mesophase transitions, liquid-liquid phase separation, vitrification and gel formation, as well as combinations of these transformation processes. The phase behaviours in polymers are thus dominated by interlinks of metastable states on different length scales. This concept successfully explains many experimental observations and provides a new way to connect different aspects of polymer physics.

  • High-Performance Organic Coatings

    • 1 Edición
    • A S Khanna
    • Inglés
    Paint coatings remain the most widely used way of protecting steel structures from corrosion. This important book reviews the range of organic paint coatings and how their performance can be enhanced to provide effective and lasting protection.The book begins by reviewing key factors affecting the success of a coating, including surface preparation, methods of application, selecting an appropriate paint and testing its effectiveness. It also discusses why coatings fail, including how they degrade, and what can be done to prevent these problems. Part two describes the main types of coating and how their performance can be enhanced, including epoxies, polyester, glass flake, fluoropolymer, polysiloxane and waterborne coatings. The final part of the book looks at applications of high-performance organic coatings in such areas as reinforced concrete, pipelines, marine and automotive engineering.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, High-performance organic coatings is a valuable reference for all those concerned with preventing corrosion in steel and other metal structures.

  • Properties and Performance of Natural-Fibre Composites

    • 1 Edición
    • Kim Pickering
    • Inglés
    Concern about global warming has led to renewed interest in the more sustainable use of natural fibres in composite materials. This important book reviews the wealth of recent research into improving the mechanical properties of natural-fibre thermoplastic composites so that they can be more widely used.The first part of the book provides an overview of the main types of natural fibres used in composites, how they are processed and, in particular, the way the fibre-matrix interface can be engineered to improve performance. Part two discusses the increasing use of natural-fibre composites in such areas as automotive and structural engineering, packaging and the energy sector. The final part of the book discusses ways of assessing the mechanical performance of natural-fibre composites.With its distinguished editor and team of contributors, Properties and performance of natural-fibre composites is a valuable reference for all those using these important materials in such areas as automotive and structural engineering.

  • Polyesters and Polyamides

    • 1 Edición
    • B L Deopura + 3 más
    • Inglés
    Polyesters and polyamides remain the most used group of synthetic fibres. This authoritative book reviews methods of their production, ways of improving their functionality and their wide range of applications.The first part of the book describes raw materials and manufacturing processes, including environmental issues. Part two considers ways of improving the functionality of polyester and polyamide fibres, including blending, weaving, coloration and other finishing techniques as well as new techniques such as nanotechnology. The final part of the book reviews the range of uses of these important fibres, from apparel and sportswear to automotive, medical and civil engineering applications.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Polyesters and polyamides is a standard reference for all those using this important group of fibres.

  • Developments in the Formulation and Reinforcement of Concrete

    • 1 Edición
    • Sidney Mindess
    • Inglés
    Concrete is the most widely-used construction material in the world. This important book summarises the wealth of recent research on improving qualities such as durability and sustainability as well as the emergence of a new generation of specialist concretes for particular applications.A number of chapters discuss new types of concrete such as autoclaved aerated concrete, high-strength concrete, sprayed concrete, fibre-reinforced concrete, lightweight concrete, self-compacting concrete, foamed and polymer concrete, together with their characteristics and applications. Other chapters review the development of concrete especially suited for particular conditions such as radiation protection, hot weather and underwater conditions, as well as the increasingly important area of recycling.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Developments in the formulation and reinforcement of concrete is a standard reference for civil and structural engineers.

  • High Performance Polymers

    • 1 Edición
    • Johannes Karl Fink
    • Inglés
    This book presents the state-of-the-art polymerization, fabrication and application methods of high performance industrial polymers, pertaining specifically to recent developments from the chemistry and engineering perspective. All introductory, monomer, polymerization and fabrication techniques are reviewed, and basic information is provided to help demystify the more advanced material. Chapters are arranged according to chemical constitution of the individual classes, starting with main chain carbon-carbon polymers and leading to ether-containing, sulphur-containing, and so on. Special additives, suppliers and commercial grades, safety, environmental impact and recycling are also explained. Commercially available polymers are listed throughout the book.

  • Friction in Textile Materials

    • 1 Edición
    • B S Gupta
    • Inglés
    Friction is a major issue in both the production of textiles and in the finished product. This authoritative book reviews how friction occurs and the ways it can be measured and controlled.The book begins by looking at how friction can be defined and how the structure and properties of textile fibres lead to friction behaviour. It also discusses slip-stick phenomena in textiles and ways of measuring friction in yarns and fabric. The second part of the book reviews friction in particular textiles, including cotton, wool and synthetic fibres as well as woven fabrics. These and other chapters also discuss ways of controlling friction, including fabric finishes and lubricants.With its distinguished editor and contributions from some of the world’s leading authorities in the subject, Friction in textile materials is a standard reference for the textile industry and those researching this important topic.

  • Wood-Polymer Composites

    • 1 Edición
    • K O Niska + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Wood-polymer composites (WPC) are materials in which wood is impregnated with monomers that are then polymerised in the wood to tailor the material for special applications. The resulting properties of these materials, from lightness and enhanced mechanical properties to greater sustainability, has meant a growing number of applications in such areas as building, construction and automotive engineering. This important book reviews the manufacture of wood-polymer composites, how their properties can be assessed and improved and their range of uses.After an introductory chapter, the book reviews key aspects of manufacture, including raw materials, manufacturing technologies and interactions between wood and synthetic polymers. Building on this foundation, the following group of chapters discusses mechanical and other properties such as durability, creep behaviour and processing performance. The book concludes by looking at orientated wood-polymer composites, wood-polymer composite foams, at ways of assessing performance and at the range of current and future applications.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Wood-polymer composites is a valuable reference for all those using and studying these important materials.

  • Mineral Wool

    Production and Properties
    • 1 Edición
    • B Sirok + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Mineral wool has a unique range of properties combining high thermal resistance with long-term stability. It is made from molten glass, stone or slag that is spun into a fibre-like structure which creates a combination of properties that no other insulation material can match. It has the ability to save energy, minimize pollution, combat noise, reduce the risk of fire and protect life and property in the event of fire.Mineral wool: Production and properties describes the technological process of mineral wool production and the physical characteristics of the melt and theoretical bases of multiregression and dimensionless theory. This is followed by the introduction of the fibre cooling model in the blow-away flow and the influence of temperature in the melt film (on the rotating centrifuge wheels) on the thickness of forming fibres.The second part predominantly focuses on the use of computer-aided visualisation: tools for the diagnostics of fibre and primary layer formation. Special attention is given to the study of aerodynamic characteristics of the airflow which significantly influences the quality of the final product.Mineral wool: Production and properties is suitable for engineers, researchers and for graduate and postgraduate students who want to broaden their knowledge of experimental methods in this field.

  • Macromolecules in Solution and Brownian Relativity

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 15
    • Stefano Antonio Mezzasalma
    • Inglés
    Macromolecules in Solution and Brownian Relativity illustrates the recent picture of statistical physics of polymers and polymer solutions that emerges from some paradigms of contemporary science joint together. Among its principal aims are discussing the consequences of a novel self-diffusion theory, which benefits from an extension towards relativistic-like principles, and the generalization of usual concepts met in polymer science in terms of geometry alone. The monograph gives the whole fundamentals necessary to handle the view proposed, which is set in the final chapters. All the formers see about to provide the reader with a comprehensive treatation of the necessary fundamentals of classical, relativistic, quantum and statistical mechanics. Among the most important mechanical theories ever developed, a chapter on the Brownian movement and another on macromolecules prepare the ground that is specific to face universality and scaling behaviors in polymer solutions. The scope of the book is therefore two-fold: On the one hand, it wishes to involve the readers and scholars into a new research on polymer physics and chemistry. On the other, to get close chemical physicists and physical chemists to disciplines which, traditionally, are far from their direct fields of interest.

  • Adsorption by Carbons

    • 1 Edición
    • Eduardo J. Bottani + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Adsorption by Carbons covers the most significant aspects of adsorption by carbons, attempting to fill the existing gap between the fields of adsorption and carbonaceous materials. Both basic and applied aspects are presented. The first section of the book introduces physical adsorption and carbonaceous materials, and is followed by a section concerning the fundamentals of adsorption by carbons. This leads to development of a series of theoretical concepts that serve as an introduction to the following section in which adsorption is mainly envisaged as a tool to characterize the porous texture and surface chemistry of carbons. Particular attention is paid to some novel nanocarbons, and the electrochemistry of adsorption by carbons is also addressed. Finally, several important technological applications of gas and liquid adsorption by carbons in areas such as environmental protection and energy storage constitute the last section of the book.

  • Monomers, Polymers and Composites from Renewable Resources

    • 1 Edición
    • Mohamed Naceur Belgacem + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The progressive dwindling of fossil resources, coupled with the drastic increase in oil prices, have sparked a feverish activity in search of alternatives based on renewable resources for the production of energy. Given the predominance of petroleum- and carbon-based chemistry for the manufacture of organic chemical commodities, a similar preoccupation has recently generated numerous initiatives aimed at replacing these fossil sources with renewable counterparts. In particular, major efforts are being conducted in the field of polymer science and technology to prepare macromolecular materials based on renewable resources. The concept of the bio-refinery, viz. the rational exploitation of the vegetable biomass in terms of the separation of its components and their utilisation as such, or after suitable chemical modifications, is thus gaining momentum and considerable financial backing from both the public and private sectors. This collection of chapters, each one written by internationally recognised experts in the corresponding field, covers in a comprehensive fashion all the major aspects related to the synthesis, characterization and properties of macromolecular materials prepared using renewable resources as such, or after appropriate modifications. Thus, monomers such as terpenes and furans, oligomers like rosin and tannins, and polymers ranging from cellulose to proteins and including macromolecules synthesized by microbes, are discussed with the purpose of showing the extraordinary variety of materials that can be prepared from their intelligent exploitation. Particular emphasis has been placed on recent advances and imminent perspectives, given the incessantly growing interest that this area is experiencing in both the scientific and technological realms.

  • Tribology of Polymeric Nanocomposites

    Friction and Wear of Bulk Materials and Coatings
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 55
    • Klaus Friedrich + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The area of tribology deals with the design, friction, wear and lubrication of interacting surfaces in relative motion. Polymer nanocomposite materials are increasingly common and offer remarkable improvements in the friction and wear properties of both bulk materials and coatings.This book gives a comprehensive description of polymeric nanocomposites, both as bulk materials and as thin surface coatings, and their behavior and potential use in tribological applications. It provides the preparation techniques, friction and wear mechanisms, properties of polymeric nanocomposites, characterization, evaluation and selection methodology. It also provides various examples of application of polymeric nanocomposites.

  • Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 151
    • Inglés
    Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics merges two long-running serials-Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. This series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains. An important feature of these Advances is that the subjects are written in such a way that they can be understood by readers from other specialities.

  • Handbook of Advanced Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Materials

    Synthesis, Properties and Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • Z-G Ye
    • Inglés
    This comprehensive book covers recent developments in advanced dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials. Dielectric materials such as ceramics are used to manufacture microelectronic devices. Piezoelectric components have been used for many years in radioelectrics, time-keeping and, more recently, in microprocessor-based devices. Ferroelectric materials are widely used in various devices such as piezoelectric/electr... transducers and actuators, pyroelectric infrared detectors, optical integrated circuits, optical data storage and display devices.The book is divided into eight parts under the general headings: High strain high performance piezo- and ferroelectric single crystals; Electric field-induced effects and domain engineering; Morphotropic phase boundary related phenomena; High power piezoelectric and microwave dielectric materials; Nanoscale piezo- and ferroelectrics; Piezo- and ferroelectric films; Novel processing and new materials; Novel properties of ferroelectrics and related materials. Each chapter looks at key recent research on these materials, their properties and potential applications.Advance... dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials is an important reference tool for all those working in the area of electrical and electronic materials in general and dielectrics, piezoelectrics and ferroelectrics in particular.

  • Metallic Multilayers and their Applications

    Theory, Experiments, and Applications related to Thin Metallic Multilayers
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 4
    • Gayanath Fernando
    • Inglés
    Thin Metallic multilayer films have become an important part in today's computer technology. The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect, which plays a central role here, was discovered in the late 1980s. This can be essentially described as the effect of a magnetic field on the electron transport leading to significant changes in the resistance. Other aspects of multilayers systems, such as stability, growth, confinement are also addressed. Theoretical and experimental methods used in such work are described in some detail, with special emphasis on density functional and spin density functional theories. Magnetic anisotropy in thin films is also discussed while addressing unresolved issues and new results from exchange-bias experiments.

  • Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 150
    • Inglés
    Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics merges two long-running serials-Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. This series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains. Publication of this 150th volume is an event to be celebrated and, to mark the occasion, the editor has brought together leaders of some of the main themes of past and hopefully of future volumes: electron microscopy, since Ladislaus Marton was one of the pioneers; mathematical morphology, which has often appeared in this series and also fills a supplement, so often cited that it usually appears just as “Academic Press, 1994” (H.J.A.M. Heijmans, Morphological Image Operators, Supplement 25, 1994) with no mention of the Advances; ptychography, a highly original approach to the phase problem, the latter also the subject of a much cited Supplement (W.O. Saxton, ‘Computer Techniques for Image Processing in Electron Microscopy’, Supplement 10, 1978); and wavelets, which have become a subject in their own right, not just a tool in image processing.

  • Selection of Polymeric Materials

    How to Select Design Properties from Different Standards
    • 1 Edición
    • E. Alfredo Campo
    • Inglés
    Today engineers, designers, buyers and all those who have to work with plastics face a dilemma. There has been a proliferation of test methods by which plastic properties are measured. The property data measured by these test methods are not identical and sometimes have large differences. How are engineers, designers, buyers going to decide the type and resin grade and their property data? Which are the valid test methods? The right plastic property data are the difference between success and failure of a design, thus making the property selection process critical. For the first time this book provides a simple and efficient approach to a highly complex and time consuming task. There are over 26,000 different grades of polymers and millions of parts and applications, further adding to the difficulty of the selection process.Selection of Polymeric Materials steers engineers and designers onto the right path to selecting the appropriate values for each plastic property. A large amount of property information has been provided to teach and assist the plastic part designer and others in selecting the right resin and properties for an application. Various standards including ASTM, ISO, UL, and British Specifications have been discussed to help the readers in making sound decisions

  • Effect of Temperature and other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

    • 2 Edición
    • Laurence W. McKeen
    • Laurence W. McKeen
    • Inglés
    This book is an update to the first edition compiled and published in 1990 by William Woishnis. A lot has changed in the field since 1990 and a lot has not changed. There are new plastic materials. There has been a huge turnover in ownership of plastics producing companies. There has been a lot of consolidation, which of course means discontinued products. Thus, this update is much more extensive than the usual "next edition."It has been reorganized from a chemistry point of view. Plastics of similar polymer types are grouped into nine chapters. Each of these chapters includes an introduction with a brief explanation of the chemistry of the polymers used in the plastics.An extensive first chapter has been added as an introduction that summarizes the chemistry of making polymers, the formulation of plastics, testing and test methods, and plastic selection.Most plastic products and parts are expected to be used in environments other than room temperature and standard humidity conditions. Chapters 2-10 are a databank that serves as an evaluation of plastics as they are exposed to varying operating conditions at different temperatures, humidity, and other factors. Over 900 graphs for more than 45 generic families of plastics are contained in these chapters.Chapter 11 contains extensive mechanical and electrical data in tabular form. The tables contain data on several thousand plastics. Similarly, Chapter 12 contains thermal data on several thousand plastics. Data from the first edition have only been removed if those products were discontinued, and many products were. Product names and manufacturers have been updated.

  • Ion Beam Treatment of Polymers

    Application Aspects from Medicine to Space
    • 1 Edición
    • Alexey Kondyurin + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Polymer materials are used in different fields of industries, from microelectronice to medicine. Ion beam implantation is method of surface modification when surface properties must be significantly changed and bulk properties of material must be saved. Ion Beam Treatment of Polymers contains results of polymer investigations and techniques development in the field of polymer modification by high energy ion beams. This book is intended for specialists in polymer science who have interest to use an ion beam treatment for improvement of polymer properties, for specialists in physics who search a new application of ion beam and plasma equipment and also for students who look for future fields of high technology.Chapter 1-3 are devoted to overview of the basic processes at high energy ion penetration into solid target. The historical aspects and main physical aspects are covered. A basic equipment principles and main producers of equipment for ion beam treatment are considered.Chapter 4 contains chemical transformations in polymers during and after high energy ion penetration. The modern methods and results of experimental and theoretical investigation are described.Chapters 5-10 are devoted to properties of polymers after ion beam treatment, regimes of treatment, available applications, in particular: increase of adhesion of polymers and a mechanism of an adhesion increase, wetting angle of polymer by water and its stability, adhesion of cells on polymer surface, drug release regulation from polymer coating and others.Chapter 11 contains our last results on polymerisation processes in liquid oligomer composition under high vacuum, plasma and ion beam conditions as simulation of free space environment.

  • Compostable Polymer Materials

    • 1 Edición
    • Ewa Rudnik
    • Inglés
    Compostable Polymer Materials deals with an environmentally important family of polymers designed to be disposed of in industrial and municipal compost facilities after their useful life. These compostable plastics undergo degradation and leave no visible, distinguishable or toxic residue. Environmental concerns and legislative measures taken in different regions of the world make composting an increasingly attractive route for the disposal of redundant polymers. This book provides up–to-date results and information about compostable polymer materials in a coherent and comprehensive manner. It covers the entire spectrum of preparation, properties, degradation, and environmental issues. The emphasis is on recent studies concerning compostability and ecotoxicological assessment of polymer materials-–important issues from the ecological point of view. Moreover, the thermal behavior of compostable polymers is described. Their price evolution over the past decade, an estimation of the market and future perspectives are presented.

  • Specular Gloss

    • 1 Edición
    • Raimo Silvennoinen + 2 más
    • Inglés
    The aesthetic appearance of various objects is important to human beings. One measure of the quality of an object is its surface quality, which can be characterized with the concept of gloss. Nowadays measurement of the gloss is a routine off-line method in assessment of quality of product at various sectors of industry.The book gives a fresh treatment on the concept of gloss. Theoretical description will be on more general basis of optical physics than in other sources. The text will give a modern treatise of machine vision based glossmeters and furnish the ideas how to measure and analyse gloss from complex-structured objects. Innovations of machine vision and gloss data analysis by embedded micro-controllers and microprocessors are trademarks that fill the gaps of older textbooks.Key Features:- modern treatment of gloss - presents novel glossmeter based high technology- completes principle of machine vision- application in industrial environment- emphasis on pedagogical presentation

  • Intermetallic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 13
    • Riccardo Ferro + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Intermetallic science is closely related to physics, chemistry, metallurgy, materials science & technology, and engineering. This book emphasizes the chemical aspects of this science, and therefore the mutual reactivity of metals and the characteristics of intermetallic compounds. Topics included are:• Phase diagrams of alloy systems. Many intermetallic systems form several compounds, generally not obeying common simple stoichiometric rules, which are often homogeneous in a certain range of compositions. The stability and extension of these phases are conveniently presented through phase diagrams.• Selected aspects of intermetallics structural chemistry, with emphasis on the solid state. The general structural characteristics of intermetallic phases are considered, with attention to nomenclature and to alternative and complementary methods of presenting crystal-chemical data. A brief account is given of derivative and degenerate structures, modular aspects of crystal structures, and of a few special groups of alloys such as quasicrystals and amorphous alloys. A number of selected structural prototypes with typical features, their possible grouping in structural “families” and their distribution among different types of alloys are provided.• Intermetallic reactivity trends in the Periodic Table. Attention is given to a few selected elemental parameters such as electron configuration and valence electron number and to their changes along the Table, which act as reference factors of the intermetallic behaviour. As an example, the relationships are considered between crystal structure and the number of valence electrons per atom (or per formula) in various classes of compounds or solid solution phases.• Alloying behaviour systematics of intermetallic systems with a description of the intermetallic reactivity of each element, or group of elements, in the order of their position in the Periodic Table. For each pair of metallic elements, their capability to form intermediate phases is summarised by maps and schemes. • A description of small scale preparation methods of intermetallics. A number of interesting and significant peculiarities are, e.g., those related to their high melting points, insolubility in common solvents, etc.

  • Fluorinated Ionomers

    • 1 Edición
    • Walther Grot
    • Inglés
    The author of this unique handbook on fluorinated ionomers is also the inventor of the first commercial product known as Nafion® (DuPont). The book covers partially fluorinated and perfluorinated polymers containing sufficient ionic groups to dominate the transport properties of the polymer. The emphasis of this book is on the practical aspects of working with fluorinated ionomers. It is intended to help the scientist and engineer in the preparation, fabrication, use, and study of these products as well as in the development of new applications and compositions. Extensive coverage has been given to perfluorinated ionomers because of the practical importance of this group of polymers. Commercial products such as Nafion®, Aciplex® (Asahi Chemical) and Flemion® (Asahi Glass) are fluorinated ionomers have been discussed in detail. Whether you need information about use of fluorinated ionomers in fuel cells, batteries, chlor-alkali cells, sensors, fabrication techniques, or commercial products you will find it in this valuable handbook.

  • Internal Photoemission Spectroscopy

    Principles and Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • Valeri V. Afanas'ev
    • Inglés
    The monographic book addresses the basics of the charge carrier photoemission from one solid to another - the internal photoemission, (IPE) - and different spectroscopic applications of this phenomenon to solid state heterojunctions. This is the first book in the field of IPE, which complements the conventional external photoemission spectroscopy by analysing interfaces separated from the sample surface by a layer of a different solid or liquid. IPE is providing the most straightforward and, therefore, reliable information regarding the energy spectrum of electron states at interfaces. At the same time, the method provides the unique capability of analysing the heterostructures relevant to the modern micro- and nano-electronic devices as well as new materials involved in their design and fabrication.In addition to the discussion of fundamental physical and technical aspects of IPE spectroscopic applications, several “hot” topics are addressed. These include development of new insulating materials for advances Si MOS technology (both high-k gate insulators and low-k dielectrics for interconnect insulation), metal gate materials, development of heterostructures based on high-mobility semiconductors, etc. Thanks to a considerable activity in this field over the last few years, the recent results concerning band structure of most important interfaces involving novel materials can now be documented.

  • Handbook of Magnetic Materials

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 17
    • K.H.J. Buschow
    • Inglés
    Volume 17 of the Handbook on the Properties of Magnetic Materials, as the preceding volumes, has a dual purpose. As a textbook it is intended to be of assistance to those who wish to be introduced to a given topic in the field of magnetism without the need to read the vast amount of literature published. As a work of reference it is intended for scientists active in magnetism research. To this dual purpose, Volume 17 of the Handbook is composed of topical review articles written by leading authorities. In each of these articles an extensive description is given in graphical as well as in tabular form, much emphasis being placed on the discussion of the experimental material in the framework of physics, chemistry and material science. It provides the readership with novel trends and achievements in magnetism.

  • Polymer-Solvent Molecular Compounds

    • 1 Edición
    • Jean-Michel Guenet
    • Inglés
    Crystallisable polymers represent a large share of the polymers used for manufacturing a wide variety of objects, and consequently have received continuous attention from scientists these past 60 years. Molecular compounds from crystallisable polymers, particularly from synthetic polymers, are receiving growing interest due to their potential application in the making of new materials such as multiporous membranes capable of capturing large particles as well as small pollutant molecules. Polymer-Solvent Molecular Compounds gives a detailed description of these promising systems. The first chapter is devoted to the presentation of important investigational techniques and some theoretical approaches. The second chapter is devoted to biopolymers, the first polymers known to produce molecular compounds, chiefly with water. The third chapter deals with synthetic polymers where compound formation is either due to hydrogen-bonding or to electrostatic interactions. The fourth chapter describes intercalates and clathrates systems for which compound formation is mainly due to a molecular recognition process.

  • Heavy-Fermion Systems

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 2
    • Prasanta Misra
    • Inglés
    The book on Heavy-Fermion Systems is a part of the Book series "Handbook of Metal Physics", each volume of which is written to facilitate the research of Ph.D. students, faculty and other researchers in a specific area. The Heavy-Fermions (sometimes known as Heavy-Electrons) is a loosely defined collection of intermetallic compounds containing rare-earth (mostly Ce) or actinide (mostly U) elements. These unusual names were given due to the large effective mass (100-1,000 times greater than the mass of a free electron) below a critical temperature. They have a variety of ground states including superconducting, antiferromagnetic, paramagnetic or semiconducting. Some display unusual magnetic properties such as magnetic quantum critical point and metamagnetism. This book is essentially a summary as well as a critical review of the theoretical and experimental work done on Heavy Fermions.

  • Nanoparticle Technology Handbook

    • 2 Edición
    • Masuo Hosokawa + 3 más
    • Inglés
    The updated and expanded second edition of the Nanoparticle Technology Handbook is an authoritative reference providing both the theory behind nanoparticles and the practical applications of nanotechnology. The second edition is thoroughly updated and expanded with sixteen new chapters, providing a reference much broader in scope than the previous edition. Over 140 experts in nanotechnology and/or particle technology contributed to this new edition. Nanoparticle technology is a new and revolutionary technology, which is increasingly being used in electronic devices and nanomaterials. It handles the preparation, processing, application and characterisation of nanoparticles and has become the core of nanotechnology as an extension of the conventional fine particle / powder technology. Nanoparticle technology plays an important role in the implementation of nanotechnology in many engineering and industrial fields including electronic devices, advanced ceramics, new batteries, engineered catalysts, functional paint and ink, drug delivery system, biotechnology, etc.; and makes use of the unique properties of the nanoparticles which are completely different from those of bulk materials. The book includes not only the theory behind nanoparticles, but also the practical applications of nanotechnology. It examines future possibilities and new innovations and contains important knowledge on nanoparticle characterization and the effect of nanoparticles on the environment and on humans. The second edition of Nanoparticle Technology Handbook remains a valuable reference source for scientists and engineers working directly with fine particles and materials or in industries that handle these nanoparticles. Related areas include pharmaceutical products, ink or paint materials, electromagnetic memory devices, ceramic materials and plastic materials with high electro-conductivity...

  • Casting Aluminum Alloys

    • 1 Edición
    • Michael V Glazoff + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Casting Aluminum Alloys summarizes research conducted at Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloy during many decades in part together with Alcoa Inc. The research covered areas of the structure, properties, thermal resistance, corrosion and fatigue of aluminum alloys in industrial manufacturing.

  • Nanosilicon

    • 1 Edición
    • Vijay Kumar
    • Vijay Kumar
    • Inglés
    Properties of nanosilicon in the form of nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, and as porous material are of great interest. They can be used in finding suitable components for future miniature devices, and for the more exciting possibilities of novel optoelectronic applications due to bright luminescence from porous silicon, nanoparticles and nanowires. New findings from research into metal encapsulated clusters, silicon fullerenes and nanotubes have opened up a new paradigm in nanosilicon research and this could lead to large scale production of nanoparticles with control on size and shape as well as novel quasi one-dimensional structures. There are possibilities of using silicon as an optical material and in the development of a silicon laser. In Nanosilicon, leading experts cover state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical advances in the different forms of nanosilicon. Furthermore, applications of nanosilicon to single electron transistors, as photonic material, chemical and biological sensors at molecular scale, and silicon nanowire devices are also discussed. Self-assemblies of silicon nanoforms are important for applications. These developments are also related to cage structures of silicon in clathrates. With an interesting focus on the bottlenecks in the advancement of silicon based technology, this book provides a much-needed overview of the current state of understanding of nanosilicon research.

  • Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers

    • 1 Edición
    • Jiri George Drobny
    • Inglés
    There are few if any adequate guides to the properties, processing, and applications of thermoplastic elastomers, in spite the skyrocketing rise in the use of these materials. Until now. This new book sets the standard for a reference on these materials by compiling in one comprehensive volume an applicable knowledge of the chemistry, processing, and all properties, and uses of thermoplastic elastomers.Copiously illustrated and full of applicable processing and engineering data, this is the very definition of a ""definitive"" user's guide.

  • Conducting Organic Materials and Devices

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 81
    • Suresh C. Jain + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Conducting polymers were discovered in 1970s in Japan. Since this discovery, there has been a steady flow of new ideas, new understanding, new conducing polymer (organics) structures and devices with enhanced performance. Several breakthroughs have been made in the design and fabrication technology of the organic devices. Almost all properties, mechanical, electrical, and optical, are important in organics. This book describes the recent advances in these organic materials and devices.

  • An Introduction to Aspects of Thermodynamics and Kinetics Relevant to Materials Science

    • 3 Edición
    • Eugene Machlin
    • Inglés
    This book is based on a set of notes developed over many years for an introductory course taught to seniors and entering graduate students in materials science. An Introduction to Aspects of Thermodynamics and Kinetics Relevant to Materials Science is about the application of thermodynamics and kinetics to solve problems within Materials Science. Emphasis is to provide a physical understanding of the phenomenon under discussion, with the mathematics presented as a guide. The problems are used to provide practice in quantitative application of principles, and also to give examples of applications of the general subject matter to problems having current interest and to emphasize the important physical concepts. End of chapter problems are included, as are references, and bibliography to reinforce the text. This book provides students with the theory and mathematics to understand the important physical understanding of phenomena.

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