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Libros en Física

  • Organic Scintillators and Scintillation Counting

    • 1 Edición
    • Donald Horrocks
    • Inglés
    Organic Scintillation and Liquid Scintillation Counting covers the proceeding of The International Conference on Organic Scintillators and Liquid Scintillation Counting, which was held on July 7-10, 1970 at the University of California, San Francisco. This conference was held to discuss ideas concerned with the theory and physics of organic scintillators and the use of liquid scintillation for radioactivity measurement and other analytical applications. This text discusses liquid scintillator solvents, the vacuum ultraviolet excited luminescence of organic systems, and the application of scintillation counters to the assay of bioluminescence. Also covered are topics such as scintillation decay and absolute efficiencies in organic liquid scintillators, dose rate saturation in plastic scintillators, and the mass measurements in a liquid scintillation spectrometer. The book is recommended for physicists who would like to know more about the advancements in the field of organic and liquid scintillation and its applications.

  • Quantum Liquids

    • 1 Edición
    • J. Ruvalds
    • Inglés
    Quantum Liquids contains lectures presented at the International School of Low Temperature Physics in Erice, Italy, on June 11-25, 1977. The book reviews developments in the study of superfluid phases of the 3He system and in the understanding of quasiparticles and their interactions in the Bose 4He system, along with recent work on the 3He-4He mixtures. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the renormalization group theory, critical phenomena, and phase transition in superfluid helium. It then discusses the superfluid density and the nature of critical singularities, the theory and practice of neutron scattering, and scattering from weakly interacting quantum liquids. The reader is also introduced to the superfluidity of liquid helium films, light scattering from superfluid helium, and the theory of superfluid 3He. Other chapters focus on superfluid flow in helium-4 compared to that in helium-3, the physical properties of small droplets of helium as analogs of heavy nuclei, and experimental properties of superfluid 3He. Excitations in 3He-4He mixtures, bound excitations in liquid He4, and temperature dependence of the single roton energy and lifetime are also discussed. Physicists and students of physics will find this book extremely useful.

  • Classical Mechanics

    • 1 Edición
    • A. Douglas Davis
    • Inglés
    Classical Mechanics focuses on the use of calculus to solve problems in classical mechanics. Topics covered include motion in one dimension and three dimensions; the harmonic oscillator; vector algebra and vector calculus; and systems of particles. Coordinate systems and central forces are also discussed, along with rigid bodies and Lagrangian mechanics. Comprised of 13 chapters, this book begins with a crash course (or brief refresher) in the BASIC computer language and its immediate application to solving the harmonic oscillator. The discussion then turns to kinematics and dynamics in one dimension; three-dimensional harmonic oscillators; moving and rotating coordinate systems; and central forces in relation to potential energy and angular momentum. Subsequent chapters deal with systems of particles and rigid bodies as well as statics, Lagrangian mechanics, and fluid mechanics. The last chapter is devoted to the theory of special relativity and addresses concepts such as spacetime coordinates, simultaneity, Lorentz transformations, and the Doppler effect. This monograph is written to help students learn to use calculus effectively to solve problems in classical mechanics.

  • Advances in Microwaves V5

    • 1 Edición
    • Leo Young
    • Inglés
    Advances in Microwaves, Volume 5 is a three-chapter text that covers low microwave frequencies used to accelerate elementary particles and centimeter and millimeter waves for exploring atmospheric phenomena, as well as the microwave demodulation of light. Chapter 1 describes high-speed photodetectors whose modulation frequency response extends into the microwave region. This chapter focuses on the fundamental principles of specific detectors whose performance is sufficiently close to fundamental limits to assure their staying power. Chapter 2 examines radiometric fundamentals associated with the frequency spectrum, with particular emphasis on the 3 cm to 3 mm wavelength region. Chapter 3 discusses the conditions in which hybrid waves traveling at the velocity of light can exist in a homogeneous isotropic medium. This chapter also explores the design requirements of deflectors. Discussions on transformation of Maxwell’s equations for a traveling wave in a gyroelectric or gyromagnetic medium and consistent solutions of the scalar wave equation are provided in the supplementary texts.

  • Ultrasonics of High-Tc and Other Unconventional Superconductors

    • 1 Edición
    • Moises Levy
    • Inglés
    Physical Acoustics, Volume XX: Ultrasonics of High-Tc and Other Unconventional Superconductors covers the many acoustic studies of the high-Tc superconductors. This book is composed of 10 chapters that include some unconventional superconducting systems, such as superfluid 3He, heavy Fermion superconductors, and magnetic re-entrant superconductors. The introductory chapter summarizes the results that have been observed in Bardeen, Cooper, and Schriefer superconductors as functions both of temperature and magnetic field. The subsequent chapters deal with the theoretical and experimental aspects of ultrasonic study of some unconventional superconductors. Considerable chapters are devoted to the measurements with sound waves on the sintered high-Tc superconducting systems. These chapters examine first the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the velocity and elastic constants in sintered high-Tc superconductors, as well as the sound absorption and dispersion measurements on single crystals of these superconductors. Discussions on the small-sample resonant ultrasound technique that uses thin piezoelectric films and the effect of oxygen on superconducting properties and the response of sound to these additions are also provided in these chapters. The concluding chapter presents a theoretical foundation for sound measurements in the superconducting state, emphasizing the effects of multigap structures and gas anisotropy on sound attenuation in the superconducting state of the cuprate superconductors. This volume will be of great benefit to researchers in the fields of electronics technology and in applied and engineering mechanics.

  • High Excitation and Short Pulse Phenomena

    • 1 Edición
    • M.H. Pilkuhn
    • Inglés
    High Excitation and Short Pulse Phenomena contains the proceeding of the Third Trieste ICTP-IUPAP Semiconductor Symposium on ""High Excitation and Short Pulse Phenomena"", held at the International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy on July, 2-6 1984. This book contains the keynote papers of the symposium and the contributions from the participants. It describes the non-equilibrium electron-hole plasmas in direct and indirect gap semiconductors; transport of plasmas and of hot carriers; and expansion velocities. The book also elucidates the screening effects involved in the exciton-plasma transition; the optical bistability and nonlinearity; and experimental techniques with short pulse spectroscopy. Other topics emphasized are the physical aspects of laser annealing and of melting at the highest excitation levels, as well as the results of high excitation and short pulse physics of quantum wells. The fast relaxation processes, as well as the carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon interactions are also explained. This material will serve as a source of information and reference, and will stimulate ways for further research.

  • Laser spectroscopy IX

    • 1 Edición
    • Michael Feld
    • Inglés
    Laser Spectroscopy IX documents the proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy, held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, June 18-23, 1989. The scientific program consisted of oral and poster presentations. There were 52 invited talks organized into 14 topical sessions, some with panel discussions. About 60 additional invited contributions were presented in three evening poster sessions. Also included were 15 post deadline oral and poster presentations. These proceedings contain summaries of essentially all of these contributions. The contributions made by researchers at the conference are organized into 14 parts. Part I focuses on laser cooling. Part II presents studies on laser spectroscopy. Part III includes papers on cavity Q.E.D. Parts IV, V, and VI examine noise and coherence, quantum size effects, and surface spectroscopy, respectively. Part VII deals with laser light sources. Part VIII includes papers on trapped ion spectroscopy. Part IX covers ultrafast spectroscopy while Part X takes up fundamental measurements, including those of positronium, the Rydberg constant, and lead and thallium isotopes. Parts XI-XIV cover, respectively, molecular spectroscopy and dynamics, applications in radiation forces, highly excited states and dynamics, and laser spectroscopy for biomedicine.

  • Ion Beam Assisted Film Growth

    • 1 Edición
    • T. Itoh
    • Inglés
    This volume provides up to date information on the experimental, theoretical and technological aspects of film growth assisted by ion beams. Ion beam assisted film growth is one of the most effective techniques in aiding the growth of high-quality thin solid films in a controlled way. Moreover, ion beams play a dominant role in the reduction of the growth temperature of thin films of high melting point materials. In this way, ion beams make a considerable and complex contribution to film growth. The volume will be essential reading for scientists, engineers and students working in this field.

  • Handbook on Plasma Instabilities

    • 1 Edición
    • Ferdinand Cap
    • Inglés
    Handbook on Plasma Instabilities, Volume 1 serves as an introduction to the field of plasma physics and plasma instabilities. Topics covered include basic plasma physics, statistical plasma theory, and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), as well as the many-species theory and plasma containment. The motion of individual particles, oscillations and waves, and MHD instabilities of a real and an ideal plasma are also discussed. This volume is comprised of 13 chapters and begins with a survey of the various applications of plasma sciences and an overview of the fundamental concepts of plasma physics. Basic plasma physics, the physics of instabilities, orbit theory, kinetic theory, MHD, and the many-fluid theory are then presented. The following chapters focus on the principles of plasma containment and waves in plasmas, together with the basic features of plasma instabilities and their classification. The classical MHD stability theory of an ideal and of a real plasma is also described. The final chapter is devoted to drift waves and drift instabilities in inhomogeneous plasmas, paying particular attention to the theory of gradient instabilities and the microscopic theory of waves in non-homogeneous collisionless plasmas. This handbook is intended for beginners in plasma physics and plasma instabilities and for physicists and engineers working actively in the field.

  • Physical and Applied Acoustics

    An Introduction
    • 1 Edición
    • Erwin Meyer
    • Inglés
    Physical and Applied Acoustics: An Introduction explores the mechanical-acoustica... or acoustical-electrica... analogies that are based on common theoretical relationships. This book is composed of 11 chapters that discuss the theory, experiment, and technological applications of physical and applied acoustics. The introductory chapters deal with the sound wave propagation in liquids and gases, as well as the statistical theory of room acoustics. These topics are followed by discussions on sound absorption in different medium; the concept of sound radiation pressure; directional characteristics of sound sources; measurement and calibration of acoustics; and the fundamental physical and psychological facts of acoustics. The subsequent chapters cover the use of electroacoustics for the transmission of speech and music. A chapter examines the production and detection of extremely high-frequency sound, called quantum acoustics. The concluding chapter highlights the interaction phenomena between sound and flow in a medium.

  • Nuclear Structure 1985

    • 1 Edición
    • R.A. Broglia + 2 más
    • Inglés
    40 leading specialists review the modern developments of nuclearstructure physics.

  • Study Guide for Physics in the Modern World 2E

    • 1 Edición
    • Jerry Marion
    • Inglés
    Study Guide for Physics in the Modern World 2E provides information pertinent to the fundamental concepts in physics. This book presents a list of concepts, definitions, and equations with various supplementary exercises for the readers. Comprised of 21 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the standard units of measure for length, time, mass, energy, force, pressure, and density. This text then provides the meaning of various terms in physics, including atom, molecule, element, and compound. Other chapters explore the composition and behavior of all ordinary matter in which it depends on the four basic units, including electrons, protons, neutrons, and photons. This book discusses as well the method used for converting the units of physical quantities from one system of measurement to another. The final chapter deals with the various applications of radiation in biological investigations as well as in medical diagnostics and therapeutics. This book is intended for students enrolled in introductory physics courses.

  • Radiometry

    • 1 Edición
    • Frank Grum
    • Inglés
    Optical Radiation Measurements, Volume 1: Radiometry is an introduction to the measurement of optical radiant energy, with emphasis on the principles and generally applicable methods of radiometry. Topics range from basic concepts of radiant energy and its transfer to the calibration of instrumentation. Blackbody radiation and sources of radiation are also discussed, along with detectors and spectral analyzers. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the basic concepts and characteristics of radiometry as well as its applications such as photometry, photography, television, and vision research. The next chapters describe basic concepts such as radiation laws, terminology, and the transfer of radiant energy. The emphasis in these early chapters is on fundamentals. The major components of radiometric systems are then considered. The final three chapters focus on representative techniques, with particular reference to measurements of radiant power and radiant energy; reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance; and standards and calibration. This book is written for students, practitioners, and researchers in physics.

  • Plasma Waves

    • 1 Edición
    • D.G. Swanson
    • Inglés
    Plasma Waves discusses the basic development and equations for the many aspects of plasma waves. The book is organized into two major parts, examining both linear and nonlinear plasma waves in the eight chapters it encompasses. After briefly discussing the properties and applications of plasma wave, the book goes on examining the wave types in a cold, magnetized plasma and the general forms of the dispersion relation that characterize the waves and label the various types of solutions. Chapters 3 and 4 analyze the acoustic phenomena through the fluid model of plasma and the kinetic effects. These chapters also describe the averaging process for the fluid element motion using expanded Boltzmann equation for each species in a velocity moment expansion, truncating the expansion at some suitable level, depending on the particular problem. The remaining four chapters discuss the effects of adding sharp boundaries, slowly varying inhomogeneities, nonlinearities at several levels, and turbulent plasmas. Supplementary texts on complex variables and the special functions in plasma physics are provided in the concluding section of this text. The book is an advanced text for graduate students who have had an introductory plasma course at some level.

  • Optical Properties of Mixed Crystals

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 23
    • R.J. Elliott + 1 más
    • Inglés
    ``Optical Properties of Mixed Crystals'' is concerned with the description of optical processes in substitutionally disordered semiconductors and insulators which can be basically described through their elementary excitations. Two of the chapters relate to the phonon response including the effect of side bands on electron transitions. Two relate to electronic spectra, one on photoelectron spectroscopy and the other on excitons. A further chapter deals with magnons in magnetic crystals and a final chapter is related to fluctuations and band edge effects.Each chapter deals with a specific class of excitation, but the book makes it clear that the fundamental structure of the excitation spectra, including band formation, band tailing and localisation is common to every type of excitation. The volume shows how some basic concepts and ideas can be widely applied to bring coherence and understanding to a diverse area of solid state physics. It therefore provides an up-to-date summary of the experimental and theoretical situation in an important and rapidly developing field and brings together for the first time a discussion of the many different types of spectra which appear in mixed crystals.

  • Porous Media Fluid Transport and Pore Structure

    • 1 Edición
    • F Dullien
    • Inglés
    Porous Media: Fluid Transport and Pore Structure presents relevant data on the role of pore structure in terms of transport phenomena in pore spaces. The information is then applied to the interpretation of various experiments and results of model calculations. This book emphasizes the discussion of ""flow through porous media"" in terms of interactions among the three main factors. These factors are transport phenomena, interfacial effects, and pore structure. An introductory chapter opens the text and presents some of the basic concepts and terms that will be encountered all throughout. Chapters 2 to 4 focus on the important foundations of the physical phenomena as applied in the pore space of porous media. These foundations are capillarity, pore structure, and single phase flow and diffusion. Chapters 5 to 7 discuss more in detail the different applications of pore structure to various operations and processes. Some of the concepts covered in this part of the book include flow and/or diffusion through a porous medium, simultaneous flow of immiscible fluids and immiscible displacement, and miscible displacement and hydrodynamic dispersion. This book is a good reference to students, scientists, and engineers in the field of chemistry, physics, and biology.

  • Elastic Strain Fields and Dislocation Mobility

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 31
    • V.L. Indenbom + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This volume aims to provide a thorough treatment of the phenomena of elastic anisostropy and a discussion on dislocation mobilities. The book presents a wide treatment of these topics, and includes descriptions of detailed theoretical models to describe dislocations and cracks, and moving dislocations. An overview is given of the physical behaviour resulting from dislocation mobility in materials, such as glide and climb, interactions with point defects and the behaviour of dislocations under radiation such as creep and swelling.

  • Nanostructures and Mesoscopic systems

    • 1 Edición
    • Wiley Kirk
    • Inglés
    Nanostructures and Mesoscopic Systems presents the proceedings of the International Symposium held in Santa Fe, New Mexico on May 20-24, 1991. The book discusses nanostructure physics; nanostructures in motion; and advances in nanostructure fabrication. The text also describes ballistic transport and coherence; low-dimensional tunneling; and electron correlation and coulomb blockade. Banostructure arrays and collective effects; the theory and modeling of nanostructures; and mesoscopic systems are also encompassed. The book further tackles the optical properties of nanostructures.

  • Continuum Physics

    Mixtures and EM field Theories
    • 1 Edición
    • A Eringen
    • Inglés
    Continuum Physics, Volume III: Mixtures and EM Field Theories discusses the field theories for bodies composed of different substances, such as mixtures and interaction of electromagnetic effects with the deformable bodies. This book aims to present the mathematical foundations of nonlinear mechanical, electrical, and magnetic phenomena that take place in mixtures and materially uniform bodies. This volume consists of three parts. Part I is devoted to the development of the theory of mixtures, including kinematics, balance laws, and constitutive equations for bodies consisting of several different substances. Part II is concerned with the mechanics of deformable bodies interacted by electromagnetic fields. The deformation produced by EM fields, EM fields resulting from the deformation of bodies, and plethora of other physical phenomena arising from mechanical and EM interactions are also covered. Micromagnetism is covered in Part III, including considerations arising from the interaction of strong magnetic fields with the inner structure of the body. This publication is valuable to students and researchers interested in mixtures and EM field theories.

  • Nonlinear Optical Parametric Processes in Liquids and Gases

    • 1 Edición
    • John Reintjes
    • Inglés
    Nonlinear Optical Parametric Processes in Liquids and Gases focuses on the parametric processes that occur in liquids and gases. This book examines the mathematical results that are intended mainly for their usefulness in quantifying the physical interpretations of the various concepts to actual systems. Comprised of six chapters, this text starts with a discussion on the nonlinear optical processes, and then explores the basis for nonlinear optical interactions. This book describes the various third-order frequency mixing processes and the basic properties of nonlinear interactions, including phase matching and resonant enhancement. Other chapters consider the processes of frequency mixing and harmonic generation that are used as illustrations of the basic principles. The final chapter explores the applications of several nonlinear optical interactions, with a focus on the use of nonlinear optical processes to control the propagation of optical waves or to obtain information about a material system. This book is intended for researchers and readers engaged in the study of university-level mathematics, electromagnetic theory, and atomic physics.

  • Neutron Cross Sections

    Neutron Resonance Parameters and Thermal Cross Sections, Part A: Z=1-60
    • 1 Edición
    • S Mughabghab
    • Inglés
    Neutron Cross Sections, Volume 1: Neutron Resonance Parameters and Thermal Cross Sections, Part A represents the fourth edition of what was previously known as BNL-325, Neutron Cross Sections, Volume 1. This three-chapter book provides the extensive list of detailed individual resonance parameters for each isotope. The first chapter deals with the thermal cross sections and average resonance parameters, as well as the physics of thermal and resonance neutrons, with particular emphasis on evaluation methods. This chapter also includes tables of standards of capture cross sections and scattering lengths, and commonly used nuclear physics formulas. The second chapter covers the direct or valence capture and the Brink-Axel treatment of electric dipole radiation. These topics are followed by a discussion on spin-dependent scattering lengths that are of interest to solid state. The third chapter describes the Maxwellian 30-keV capture cross sections that are of importance to studies of nucleosynthesis and age of the universe. This chapter also examines the s- and p-wave average radiative widths and gamma-ray strength functions that are required in capture cross section measurements. This book will appeal to nuclear and astrophysicists.

  • Transient Waves in Visco-Elastic Media

    • 1 Edición
    • Norman Ricker
    • Inglés
    Developments in Solid Earth Geophysics 10: Transient Waves in Visco-Elastic Media deals with the propagation of transient elastic disturbances in visco-elastic media. More specifically, it explores the visco-elastic behavior of a medium, whether gaseous, liquid, or solid, for very-small-amplitude disturbances. This volume provides a historical overview of the theory of the propagation of elastic waves in solid bodies, along with seismic prospecting and the nature of seismograms. It also discusses the seismic experiments, the behavior of waves propagated in accordance with the Stokes wave equation, and wavelet functions and their polynomials. The book explains the laws of propagation of seismic wavelets and seismic ray paths, as well as the equations of wavelet propagation, the velocity-type seismic wavelet, and the spectrum of the wavelet. It discusses the motion of a mechanical seismograph disturbed by extraneous forces or motions. It also provides information on the differential equation describing the motion of a galvanometer, laboratory studies of wavelet contraction, and characteristics of a wavelet-contractor amplifier. Furthermore, the book explains the experimental studies of the primary seismic disturbance and internal friction. This monograph is a valuable source of information for physicists, students who want to pursue a career in geophysics or selenophysics, and those who actively working in these fields.

  • Bonds and Bands in Semiconductors

    • 1 Edición
    • J Phillips
    • Inglés
    Bonds and Bands in Semiconductors deals with bonds and bands in semiconductors and covers a wide range of topics, from crystal structures and covalent and ionic bonds to elastic and piezoelectric constants. Lattice vibrations, energy bands, and the thermochemistry of semiconductors are also discussed, along with impurities and fundamental optical spectra. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the crystal structures of the more common and more useful semiconductors, together with bonding definitions and rules; bond energy gaps and band energy gaps; tetrahedral coordination; and bond lengths and radii. The discussion then turns to the effects of covalent and ionic bonds on crystal structures and cohesive energies of semiconductors, paying particular attention to the electronic configurations of atoms, ionicity, and homopolar energy gaps. Subsequent chapters introduce the reader to elastic and piezoelectric constants as well as lattice vibrations, energy bands, impurities, and fundamental optical spectra. The book also examines the thermochemistry of semiconductors before concluding with a concise qualitative description of barriers, junctions, and devices, with emphasis on the physical and chemical principles behind their operation. This monograph will be of interest to physicists, chemists, and materials scientists.

  • Ultrasonic Measurement Methods

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 19
    • Inglés
    Ultrasonic Measurement Methods describes methods used in ultrasonic measurements and covers topics ranging from radiated fields of ultrasonic transducers to the measurement of ultrasonic velocity and ultrasonic attenuation, along with the physical principles of measurements with electromagnetic-acou... transducers (EMATs). Optical detection of ultrasound and measurement of the electrical characteristics of piezoelectric devices are also examined. Comprised of seven chapters, this volume begins with an analysis of the radiated fields of ultrasonic transducers, followed by a discussion on the measurement of ultrasonic velocity and attenuation. The next chapter describes the physical principles of measurement with EMATs and the advantages of such devices based on their couplant-free operation. Optical detection of ultrasound is then considered, together with the problem of measuring the electrical characteristics of piezoelectric resonators and standard methods for obtaining the equivalent electrical parameter values. The final chapter is devoted to ultrasonic pulse scattering in solids and highlights many fascinating examples of wave scattering, some of which are accompanied by theoretical analysis. This book will be of interest to physicists.

  • Inversion Methods in Atmospheric Remote Sounding

    • 1 Edición
    • Adarsh Deepak
    • Inglés
    Inversion Methods in Atmospheric Remote Sounding contains the technical proceedings of the First International Interactive Workshop on Inversion Methods in Atmospheric Remote Sounding, held in Williamsburg, Virginia, on December 15-17, 1976. The papers review the state of the art in inversion methods used in retrieving information about the atmosphere from remotely sensed data. The mathematical theory of inversion methods is described, together with the application of these methods to the remote sounding of atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, and gaseous and aerosol constituents. Comprised of 21 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to methods for solving problems in radiative transfer and multiple scattering, followed by a discussion on the problem of radiative transfer in a scattering plane-parallel atmosphere. The next section is devoted to the mathematical theory of inversion methods and considers some aspects of the inversion problem in remote sensing, along with the relaxation method for the inverse solution of nonlinear and linear transfer equations. The final section explores inversion methods in gaseous, thermal, and aerosol atmospheres, covering topics such as the Backus-Gilbert theory and its application to retrieval of ozone and temperature profiles; inversion of scattered radiance horizon profiles for gaseous concentrations and aerosol parameters; and inversion of passive microwave remote sensing data from satellites. This monograph will be of interest to scientists from universities, government agencies, and research laboratories.

  • Inflation and Quantum Cosmology

    • 1 Edición
    • A.D. Linde
    • Inglés
    Inflation and Quantum Cosmology discusses the inflationary universe scenario, including the problems of the standard big bang theory and the interplay between elementary-particle theory and cosmology. Inflationary universe models generate many different final perturbation spectra. For example, a model of an inflationary universe, through a casual mechanism, can predict energy density fluctuations leading to the formation of galaxies. The inflationary universe scenario makes possible simultaneous solutions to ten problems related to cosmology and elementary particle physics. One problem concerns the origin of density perturbations that show a picture of the large-scale structure of the universe. Some unexplored possibilities are related to isothermal perturbations generated during inflation or to adiabatic perturbations with a non-flat spectrum. An inflationary universe cosmology also includes stochastic inflation that describes the universe on very large scales—from fragmented mini-universes to another inflationary cosmos. The book also discusses the problem relating to the initial conditions from which an inflationary universe starts. This book is suitable for astronomers, astrophysicists, and professors of cosmology and cosmogenesis.

  • Superconductivity in d-and f=Band Metals

    • 1 Edición
    • Harry Suhl
    • Inglés
    Superconductivity in d- and f-Band Metals focuses on the establishment of systematics among d- and f-band metals, with emphasis towards developing a fundamental theory with predictive capability for these complex materials. This book examines the unique physical qualities of the d- and f-band metals that challenge our basic understanding of several general aspects of superconductivity. Organized into 59 chapters, this compilation of papers starts with an overview of the homogeneity in d- and f-band systems that offer the opportunity for relating superconductivity to the normal state microscopic parameters. This book then explores several topics, including superconductors, phonon effects, electronic structure, A-15 systematics, as well as disorder and transport. Other chapters discuss the interrelationships between superconductivity and magnetism. This text discusses as well the magnetic field dependent effects in the rare-earth ternary compounds. The final chapter deals with the complexity of the crystal structures. This book is a valuable resource for materials scientists and physicists.

  • Atomic Collisions and Spectra

    • 1 Edición
    • U Fano
    • Inglés
    Atomic Collisions and Spectra provides an overview of the state of knowledge on atomic collision physics. The book grew out of lecture notes for a succession of courses at the University of Chicago in 1967-1979, which reported the new material as it was taking a definite form. It has been enriched since 1980, as the subject matured and continued to expand. The book is organized into four parts. Part A deals briefly with rather elementary items of general information. Part B then takes up in considerable detail those aspects of single-electron scattering whose mastery is essential for treating multielectron processes. Part C deals with multielectron processes with a residual—if often realistic—restrictio... namely, that the multielectron interactions remain confined within a core region from which only a single electron escapes into alternative channels of a long-range field. Part D surveys studies of double (or multiple) escape of electrons from a core. The book is intended for multiple use as a graduate school text, a tool for independent study, or a reference for particular topics.

  • Particle Accelerator Design: Computer Programs

    • 1 Edición
    • John Colonias
    • Inglés
    Particle Accelerator Design: Computer Programs describes some of the most important computer programs applicable to the design of particle accelerators. Computer programs that calculate magnetic and electric fields are considered, along with programs that calculate orbits of particles in a magnetic and/or electric field. Some representative programs useful in the design of linear accelerator-type cavities are also discussed. This book is comprised of six chapters and begins with a review of two-dimensional magnetostatic programs, including TRIM, LINDA, NUTCRACKER, MAREC, GRACY, and COILS. The University of Colorado's magnet program is also examined. The next chapter is devoted to programs capable of solving problems relating to the calculation of electrostatic fields in two-dimensional geometries. The reader is also introduced to programs that perform calculations of three-dimensional linear and nonlinear problems, along with programs that employ matrix formalism and integration of equations of motion. The final chapter looks at programs for linear accelerator-type cavities, including CURE, JESSY, MESSYMESH, and AZTEC. This monograph will be a useful resource for physical scientists, engineers, and computer programmers.

  • Seismology: Surface Waves and Earth Oscillations

    • 1 Edición
    • Bruce Bolt
    • Inglés
    Methods in Computational Physics, Volume 11: Seismology: Surface Waves and Earth Oscillations is a five-chapter text that deals with the computational analysis of surface waves and the eigenvibrations of the Earth. Chapter 1 describes the advances in the numerical modeling of geological structures where the appropriate partial differential equations with boundary conditions for heterogeneous materials are solved using an intricate finite difference scheme. Chapter 2 presents the computer techniques of processing seismograms to obtain information on the dispersion of seismic surface waves, while Chapter 3 explains the fast algorithms for computation of eigenvalues in surface wave and terrestrial eigenvibration problems. Chapter 4 presents a competing method, much used in structural engineering and soil mechanics. Chapter 5 is devoted to the propagation of surface waves in layered media, which indicate that density and elasticity vary only in the vertical direction. This chapter also provides the fundamentals and numerical aspects of the theory of seismic surface waves. This book is an invaluable source for seismologists, earthquake engineers, and graduate students.

  • Hadamard transform optics

    • 1 Edición
    • Martin Harwit
    • Inglés
    Hadamard Transform Optics focuses on Hadamard transform optics and Hadamard encoded optical instruments. The techniques developed to date are described, and a unified mathematical treatment that should facilitate comparisons between different classes of instruments is presented. With this approach, encoded Hadamard transform spectrometers are discussed in very much the same way as encoded imaging devices. The advantages offered by singly and multiply encoded instruments designed for a wide variety of purposes are also considered. This book is comprised of seven chapters and begins with an introduction to optical multiplexing techniques, as well as the connections with weighing designs, along with the best masks for use in optical instruments and the improvement in signal-to-noise ratio that should be produced by multiplexing. Spectrometers which make use of multiplexing, including the Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers and Golay's multislit spectrometers, are then described. Subsequent chapters deal with the basic theory of Hadamard transform spectrometers and imagers; factors that affect the signal-to-noise ratio; and instrumental considerations and systematic errors in instruments. The final chapter looks at some of the applications of Hadamard transform optics, including image processing and in fields such as astronomy and medicine. This monograph will be a useful resource for physicists.

  • Noise in Physical Systems and 1/f Noise - 1985

    • 1 Edición
    • A. d'Amico + 1 más
    • Inglés
    These proceedings contain 11 invited papers and approximately 80 contributed papers presented at this international conference. The topics covered include: - noise theory and mechanisms, including parametric excitation in physical systems, computer simulation of Barkhausen jump field distribution and chaotic oscillations in Josephson junctions; - devices, including thermal noise in a high inductance SQUID, high frequency noise in Schottky barriers diodes and mode fluctuations in semiconductor laser; - biological systems including resistivity fluctuations in ionic solutions; - quantum noise, including properties of low temperature quantum noise and macroscopic quantum tunneling.

  • Physical Fluid Dynamics

    • 1 Edición
    • P McCormack
    • Inglés
    Physical Fluid Dynamics is a textbook for students of physics that reflects the origins and the future development of fluid dynamics. This book forms a concise and logically developed course in contemporary Newtonian fluid dynamics, suitable for physics and engineering science students. The text is composed of chapters devoted to the discussion of the physical properties of fluids, vortex dynamics, slow viscous flow, and particulate fluid dynamics. An adequate course in the dynamics of real (viscous) fluids, kinematics, equations of motion, boundary-layer theory, and compressible flow is also given. The textbook is intended for junior or senior undergraduate level students of physics and engineering.

  • Conformal Field Theory and Solvable Lattice Models

    • 1 Edición
    • M Jimbo
    • Inglés
    Advanced Studies in Pure Mathematics, 16: Conformal Field Theory and Solvable Lattice Models contains nine papers based on the symposium "Conformal field theory and solvable lattice models" held at RIMS, Kyoto, May 1986. These papers cover the following active areas in mathematical physics: conformal field theory, solvable lattice models, affine and Virasoro algebra, and KP equations. The volume begins with an analysis of 1 and 2 point correlation functions of the Gibbs measure of random matrices. This is followed by separate chapters on solvable solid-on-solid (SOS) models; lectures on conformal field theory; the construction of Fermion variables for the 3D Ising Model; and vertex operator construction of null fields (singular vertex operators) based on the oscillator representation of conformal and superconformal algebras with central charge extention. Subsequent chapters deal with Hecke algebra representations of braid groups and classical Yang-Baxter equations; the relationship between the conformal field theories and the soliton equations (KdV, MKdV and Sine-Gordon, etc.) at both quantum and classical levels; and a supersymmetric extension of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvi... hierarchy.

  • Thin Film Processes

    • 1 Edición
    • John L. Vossen
    • Inglés
    Remarkable advances have been made in recent years in the science and technology of thin film processes for deposition and etching. It is the purpose of this book to bring together tutorial reviews of selected filmdeposition and etching processes from a process viewpoint. Emphasis is placed on the practical use of the processes to provide working guidelines for their implementation, a guide to the literature, and an overview of each process.

  • The Standard Model Higgs Boson

    Selections and Comments
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 8
    • M.B. Einhorn
    • Inglés
    The Standard Model of electroweak and strong interactions contains a scalar field which permeates all of space and matter, and whose properties provide the explanation of the origin of the masses. Commonly referred to as the Higgs field, it assumes in the physical vacuum a non-vanishing classical expectation value to which the masses of not only the vector bosons, but all the other known fundamental particles (quarks and leptons) are proportional. This volume presents a concise summary of the phenomenological properties of the Higgs boson.

  • Solutions In Action

    • 1 Edición
    • Karl Lanngren
    • Inglés
    Solitons in Action is a collection of papers that discusses the concept of a wave packer or pulse known as a soliton. One paper reviews the development of the solitary wave concept, with emphasis on the difference between a solitary wave and a soliton. The Korteweg-deVries (KdV) equation shows the interactions between infinite sets of conservation laws and the inverse scattering transform method. The Backlund transform technique produces hierarchies of multisoliton solutions for nonlinear wave equations. The Gel-'fand-Levitan algorithm can effect an inverse scattering calculation that relates changes in the scattering data to changes in the solution of corresponding wave equation. One paper points out that concepts in differential geometry can show the fundamental nature of soliton behavior and the relationship between inverse scattering and the Backlund transformation. Solitons in action can be viewed as magnetic flux propagates through a gap (between two closely-spaced superconductors) in quantum units. This view results in a simplified procedure for perturbation expansions around multisoliton solutions. This collection can prove useful for researchers involved in the study of fluid mechanics, of pure and applied sciences, of mathematical sciences, and of wave theory.

  • Methods in Nonlinear Plasma Theory

    • 1 Edición
    • Ronald Davidson
    • Inglés
    Methods in Nonlinear Plasma Theory is from lectures given in graduate classes in both University of Maryland and University of California at Berkeley. To be able to understand fully the contents in this book, the reader is assumed to be a graduate student with background of classical physics and linear plasma waves and instabilities. This text is divided into two major parts. Part I deals with the coherent nonlinear phenomena, while Part II discusses the turbulent nonlinear phenomena. Six chapters comprise Part I, where basic equations and methods are described and discussed. Some of these methods are Vlasov-Maxwell equations and Korteweg-de Vries equation. Part II meanwhile has eight chapters that discuss frameworks and theories for weak plasma turbulence. Specifically, the weak turbulence theory is presented as it is applied to electromagnetic wave-particle interactions, nonlinear wave-wave interactions, and nonlinear wave-particle interactions. This book is a useful reference for students and researchers in the study of classical physics and plasma theory.

  • Incommensurate Phases in Dielectrics

    2. Materials
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 14
    • Inglés
    Modern Problems in Condensed Matter Sciences, Volume 14.2: Incommensurate Phases in Dielectrics, 2: Materials offers a physical picture of incommensurate insulators and gives readers an idea how experimental techniques can be used to study the dynamic and static properties of incommensurate systems on a microscopic level. The selection first offers information on the modulated phases in thiourea and incommensurate phase of quartz and barium sodium niobate (BSN). Discussions focus on the characteristics of the incommensurate phase in BSN, thermal hysteresis and relaxation effects, macroscopic symmetry breaking and related anomalies, properties of quartz and the discovery of the incommensurate phase, and dynamical properties. The text examines the incommensurate phases in an aromatic molecular crystal, including symmetry properties, molecular nature of the structural instability, satellite reflections, and excitations in incommensurate phases. The publication ponders on the incommensurate structures in liquid crystals, as well as liquid crystals and effects of incommensurability; incommensurate structures in cholesterol and sematic liquid crystals induced by external fields; incommensurate flex electric structure in hematic liquid crystals; and incommensurate sematic structures as polymorphous modifications. The selection is a vital reference for researchers interested in the incommensurate phases in dielectrics.

  • The Foundations of Quantum Theory

    • 1 Edición
    • Sol Wieder
    • Inglés
    The Foundations of Quantum Theory discusses the correspondence between the classical and quantum theories through the Poisson bracket-commutator analogy. The book is organized into three parts encompassing 12 chapters that cover topics on one-and many-particle systems and relativistic quantum mechanics and field theory. The first part of the book discusses the developments that formed the basis for the old quantum theory and the use of classical mechanics to develop the theory of quantum mechanics. This part includes considerable chapters on the formal theory of quantum mechanics and the wave mechanics in one- and three-dimension, with an emphasis on Coulomb problem or the hydrogen atom. The second part deals with the interacting particles and noninteracting indistinguishable particles and the material covered is fundamental to almost all branches of physics. The third part presents the pertinent equations used to illustrate the relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. This book is of value to undergraduate physics students and to students who have background in mechanics, electricity and magnetism, and modern physics.

  • An Introduction to Microcirculation

    • 1 Edición
    • M.P. Wiedeman
    • Inglés
    An Introduction to Microcirculation is written in response to the need for a book containing the most basic information about microcirculation. The book aims to consolidate information gained from the numerous vascular beds that have been used for in vivo microscopic observations, to note the similarities and differences in architecture and function, to reveal the origin of certain terms and concepts, and to discuss hemodynamics of the micro vessels. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 covers a historical introduction to the study; general anatomical comparisons; the microvasculature of specific organs and tissues; and methods of preparation of tissues for microscopic observation. Part 2 discusses factors that are involved in this process and the exchange in the microcirculation. Part 3 explores the hemodynamics in the microcirculation and quantitative techniques for measurement of velocity and blood pressure. The text is for medical students, graduate students, clinicians, and young investigators who wish to have a greater knowledge on microcirculation and the concepts behind it.

  • High Field Magnetism

    • 1 Edición
    • M. Date
    • Inglés
    High Field Magnetism presents the proceedings of the International Symposium on High Field Magnetism held at the Osaka University and Hotel Plaza in Osaka on September 13-14, 1982 as a satellite symposium of the International Conference on Magnetism-1982-Kyoto... The symposium tackled a wide variety of high field generation methods and material systems, with magnetism orientation as the main objective. A special Technical Exposition was held in the poster session where representatives from MIT, Grenoble, and other high field facilities were invited to give a descriptive review of each laboratory. This book is divided into eight parts, beginning with an introductory chapter into the subject of high field magnetism. The succeeding parts focus on magnetic interactions and phase transitions in high magnetic fields; metals and alloys in high magnetic fields; high field superconductivity; spin and charge fluctuations in high magnetic fields; high field magneto-optics; high field magnetic resonance; and high magnetic field facilities and techniques. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of cryogenic engineering and applied physics.

  • Handbook of florescence spectra of Aromatic Molecules

    • 2 Edición
    • Isadore Berlman
    • Inglés
    Handbook of Fluorescence Spectra of Aromatic Molecules, Second Edition describes the fluorescence and absorption spectra of about 200 aromatic compounds, most of which fall into the following classes: p-oligophenylenes, indole derivatives, fluoranthene derivatives, napthalene derivatives, biphenyl derivatives, and biological stains. Experiments with lasers and their relevance to fluorescence studies are included. This handbook is comprised of seven chapters and begins with a historical overview of research into the fluorescence characteristics of compounds, the methods and equipment used to measure fluorescence, and elementary considerations concerning luminescence. The format for the presentation of data pertaining to each compound covered in this text is described, together with the equipment for exciting, detecting, and recording the spectrum of the emitted radiation. The discussion then turns to the free electron model and presents general information on concepts such as chromophores, planar and nonplanar molecules, effects of planarity on fluorescence, solvent and concentration effects, and polarization. The following chapters focus on compounds such as benzene and polycyclic hydrocarbons as well as some uses of fluorescent compounds. This monograph will be of interest to organic chemists and physicists.

  • Applications of Liquid Scintillation Counting

    • 1 Edición
    • Donald Horrocks
    • Inglés
    Applications of Liquid Scintillation Counting deals with liquid scintillation counting and its applications in fields such as the biosciences, medicine, environmental and space sciences, chemistry, and physics. These applications include dual-labeled counting; Cerenkov counting; radioimmunoassay, chemiluminescence and bioluminescence; pulse shape discrimination; flow cell counting; and large-volume counters. This book is comprised of 18 chapters and begins with a historical overview of the liquid scintillation method, the first liquid scintillation counters, and early scintillator solutes. The following chapters focus on the theory of liquid scintillation counting; the components of the liquid scintillator solution; and the development of the liquid scintillation counter and multiplier phototubes. The discussion then turns to the detection and measurement of different types of particles produced by radionuclides using liquid scintillation techniques; the techniques and problems of sample preparations (homogeneous and heterogeneous); oxidation techniques; and importance and difference of several types of counting vials. The sources of quenching in counting samples and methods of monitoring and correction for variable quench within samples are also considered. Several special applications of liquid scintillation techniques are presented, including dual-labeled counting, radioimmunoassay, and flow cell counting. In conclusion, the statistical considerations involved in determining the reliability and accuracy of data obtained by nuclear counting techniques are highlighted. This monograph will serve as a reliable source of information for those who are already using or starting to use liquid scintillation counting techniques.

  • External Senses

    • 1 Edición
    • A.C. Damask
    • Inglés
    External Senses, the second volume in the series Medical Physics, focuses on the electrophysiology and biophysics of the receptors as these are common in each species. This book also briefly discusses brain pathways but the topic on synapsing mechanism and brain electrophysiology are covered in the last volume. This volume focuses on the category of senses which respond to external stimuli - taste, smell, touch, hearing, and vision. The results of research presented in this volume, although limited in terms of medical applications because they are not precisely defined, pave the way towards medical treatment in the future. The topics of each chapter focus on broad areas such as: gustation, olfaction, cutaneous sensation, audition, vision, and psychophysics. This book is a helpful tool for all undergraduates, premedical students, and postgraduate students of various scientific disciplines.

  • Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on High Energy Physics ICHEP 2002

    • 1 Edición
    • S. Bentvelsen + 3 más
    • Inglés
    The first precision measurements on CP violation in the B system are reported. Both the BELLE and the BABAR collaboration presented, among others, results for sin 2ß with much improved accuracy. Results from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, SNO, also deserve to be mentioned. The convincing evidence of solar neutrino oscillations had been presented by SNO prior to the conference; a full presentation was given at the conference. An incredibly precise measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is reported, a fresh result from the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Apart from these distinct physics highlights, there are also the first results from the new Tevatron run and from the relativistic heavy ion collider RHIC. Theorists write of our ever better understanding of the Standard Model and of what might lie beyond. Risky as it is to highlight only a couple of exciting subjects, it is merely meantto whet the appetite for further reading.

  • Qualitative Analysis of Physical Problems

    • 1 Edición
    • M Gitterman
    • Inglés
    Qualitative Analysis of Physical Problems reviews the essential features of all the main approaches used for the qualitative analysis of physical problems and demonstrates their application to problems from a wide variety of fields. Topics covered include model construction, dimensional analysis, symmetry, and the method of the small parameter. This book consists of six chapters and begins by looking at various approaches for the construction of models, along with nontrivial applications of dimensional analysis to some typical model systems. The following chapters focus on the application of symmetry to the microscopic and macroscopic properties of systems; the implications of analyticity and occurrence of singularities; and some methods of deriving the magnitude of the solutions (that is, approximate numerical values) for problems that usually cannot be solved exactly in closed form. The final chapter demonstrates the use of qualitative analysis to address the problem of second harmonic generation in nonlinear optics. This monograph will be a useful resource for graduate students, experimental and theoretical physicists, chemists, engineers, college and high school teachers, and those who are interested in obtaining a general perspective of modern physics.

  • Dynamics of Gas-Surface Scattering

    • 1 Edición
    • Frank O. Goodman
    • Inglés
    Dynamics of Gas-Surface Scattering deals with the dynamics of scattering as inferred from known properties of gases and solids. This book discusses measurements of spatial distributions of scattered atomic and molecular streams, and of the energy and momentum which gas particles exchange at solid surfaces. It also considers two regimes of scattering, both of which are associated with a lower range of incident gas energies: the thermal and structure scattering regimes. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book opens with a brief historical overview of the early experiments that investigated the dynamics of scattering of gases by surfaces. The discussion then turns to some elements of the kinetic theory of gases; intermodular potentials and interaction regimes; and classical-mechanical lattice models used in gas-surface scattering theory. The applications of molecular beams to the study of gas-surface scattering phenomena are also described. The remaining chapters focus on experiments and theories on scattering of molecular streams by surfaces of solids, with emphasis on thermal and structure regimes of inelastic scattering; quantum theory of gas-surface scattering; and quantum mechanical scattering phenomena. This text concludes with an analysis of energy exchange processes that may occur when a solid surface is completely immersed in a still gas. This monograph will be a valuable resource for students and practitioners of physics, chemistry, and applied mathematics.

  • Phase Transformations and Material Instabilities in Solids

    • 1 Edición
    • Morton Gurtin
    • Inglés
    Phase Transformations and Material Instabilities in Solids contains the proceedings of an interdisciplinary conference on phase transitions and material instabilities in solids, conducted by the Mathematics Research Center of the University of Wisconsin-Madison on October 11-13, 1983 in Madison, Wisconsin. The papers explore phase transformations and material instabilities in solids and cover topics ranging from equilibrium shapes of surfaces to morphological instabilities and dendrite formation. Shock-induced phase transitions are also considered. Comprised of 11 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on material instabilities and the calculus of variations, followed by an analysis of mechanical analogs of coexistent phases. A model for the formation of shear bands in simple shear that involves the description of irreversible mechanical shear and the resulting heat release is then presented. Subsequent chapters focus on the Cauchy and Born hypotheses for crystals; the arrangement of coherent phases in a loaded body; one-dimensional shock layers in Korteweg fluids; and dynamics of first-order phase transitions. The final chapter deals with equilibrium shapes of surfaces and grain boundaries. This monograph will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers in mathematics and statistical physics.

  • Light Scattering Near Phase Transitions

    • 1 Edición
    • H.Z. Cummins + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Since the development of the laser in the early 1960's, light scattering has played an increasingly crucial role in the investigation of many types of phase transitions and the published work in this field is now widely dispersed in a large number of books and journals.A comprehensive overview of contemporary theoretical and experimental research in this field is presented here. The reviews are written by authors who have actively contributed to the developments that have taken place in both Eastern and Western countries.

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