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Elsevier

Libros en Ciencia de Materiales

  • The Science and Technology of Carbon Nanotubes

    • 1 Edición
    • T. Yamabe + 2 más
    • Kazuyoshi Tanaka + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) is the material lying between fullerenes and graphite as a new member of carbon allotropes. The study of CNT has gradually become more and more independent from that of fullerenes. As a novel carbon material, CNTs will be far more useful and important than fullerenes from a practical point of view, in that they will be directly related to an ample field of nanotechnology. This book presents a timely, second-generation monograph covering as far as practical, application of CNT as the newest science of these materials. Most updated summaries for preparation, purification and structural characterisation of single walled CNT and multi walled CNT are given. Similarly, the most recent developments in the theoretical treatments of electronic structures and vibrational structures are covered. The newest magnetic, optical and electrical solid-state properties providing a vital base to actual application technologies are described. Explosive research trends towards application of CNTs, including the prospect for large-scale synthesis, are also introduced. It is the most remarkable feature of this monograph that it devotes more than a half of the whole volume to practical aspects and offers readers the newest developments of the science and technological aspects of CNTs.

  • Materials Aspects in Microsystem Technologies

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 83
    • D. Barbier + 4 más
    • Inglés

  • Advances in Organometallic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 44
    • Inglés
    This widely-acclaimed serial contains authoritative reviews that address all aspects of organometallic chemistry, a field which has expanded enormously since the publication of Volume 1 in 1964. Almost all branches of chemistry and material science now interface with organometallic chemistry--the study of compounds containing carbon-metal bonds. Organometallic compounds range from species which are so reactive that they only have a transient existence at ambient temperatures to species which are thermally very stable. Organometallics are used extensively in the synthesis of useful compounds on both large and small scales. Industrial processes involving plastics, polymers, electronic materials, and pharmaceuticals all depend on advancements in organometallic chemistry.

  • Nitrides and Related Wide Band Gap Materials

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 87
    • A. Hangleiter + 3 más
    • Inglés
    The Symposium on 'Nitrides and related wide band gap materials' at the 1998 Spring Meeting of the European Materials Research Society (E-MRS) in Strasbourg, France, was the third Symposium of its kind at an E-MRS meeting. Beginning in 1996, these Symposia enjoyed a steadily increasing popularity among European and international nitride researchers.Contribu... covered the areas of hetero-epitaxy, bulk growth, structural, electrical and optical characterisation and device fabrication. Researchers from about 20 different countries presented their work at this symposium. Naturally, most papers were from within Europe (Germany, France, Russia and the United Kingdom) but there was also a remarkable number of contributions from overseas (USA, Japan and Korea.)For about 5 years now, semiconducting group-III nitrides have attracted an enormous level of research activity all over the world. Essentially this was triggered by the breakthroughs achieved by Shuji Nakamura and his group in Japan, who succeeded in making highly efficient blue, green and yellow light emitting diodes as well as violet laser diodes based on A1GaInN. Since then, intensive research related to material growth, device development, as well as to the fundamental properties of these materials is being carried out.The outstanding contribution of Shuji Nakamura to this field was underlined by his plenary lecture during this E-MRS meeting. He presented his most recent progress towards amber LED's and long-lived violet laser diodes.

  • 3-D Textile Reinforcements in Composite Materials

    • 1 Edición
    • A Miravete
    • Inglés
    Laminated composite materials have been used since the 1960s for structural applications. This first generation of materials were successful because of the materials' high stiffness and strength performance. The aims of this book are to describe the manufacturing processes, to highlight the advantages, to identify the main applications, to analyse the methods for prediction of mechanical properties and to focus on the key technical aspects of these materials in order to discover how better to exploit their characteristics and to overcome their disadvantages in relation to the laminated composite materials.This book covers many areas related to 3-D fabric textile technologies, and manufacturing is treated as a key issue. Theoretical aspects of micro- and macromechanics are covered in depth, as well as properties and behaviour. Specific techniques including braiding, stitching and knitting are described and compared in order to evaluate the most attractive configurations available at the moment. Present and future applications and trends are described to illustrate that 3-D textiles are part of the real industrial world not only today but tomorrow as well.

  • Non-equilibrium Processing of Materials

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 2
    • C. Suryanarayana
    • Inglés
    The rapid technological developments during the later half of the 20th century have demanded materials that are stronger, capable of use at much higher temperatures, more corrosion-resistant, and much less expensive than those currently used. These demands become even more significant on the threshold of the new century and the millennium. Significant improvements in properties can only be achieved by processing the materials under far-from-equilibrium (or non-equilibrium) conditions. Several new processing technologies have been developed during the past few decades including, rapid solidification, spray forming, mechanical alloying, ion mixing, vapor deposition, laser processing and plasma processing. Remarkable advances have been made in recent years in the science and technology of these processes used to synthesize, characterize, and apply these materials processed under non-equilibrium conditions. Some of these techniques have evolved from laboratory curiosity to commercial-scale manufacturing in just a few years. In other cases, industrial necessity prompted development of the technology, and the science followed later. The chapters in this book have been written by people who are world-recognized experts in their respective fields. Each chapter describes the principles, processing techniques, special features of the materials produced, and their applications. An extensive list of references is provided at the end of each chapter that will facilitate location of additional information on specific aspects of any technique.

  • Carbon Materials for Advanced Technologies

    • 1 Edición
    • T.D. Burchell
    • Inglés
    The inspiration for this book came from an American Carbon Society Workshop entitled "Carbon Materials for Advanced Technologies" which was hosted by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1994. Chapter 1 contains a review of carbon materials, and emphasizes the structure and chemical bonding in the various forms of carbon, including the four allotropes diamond, graphite, carbynes, and the fullerenes. In addition, amorphous carbon and diamond films, carbon nanoparticles, and engineered carbons are discussed. The most recently discovered allotrope of carbon, i.e., the fullerenes, along with carbon nanotubes, are more fully discussed in Chapter 2, where their structure-property relations are reviewed in the context of advanced technologies for carbon based materials. The synthesis, structure, and properties of the fullerenes and nanotubes, and modification of the structure and properties through doping, are also reviewed. Potential applications of this new family of carbon materials are considered.The manufacture and applications of adsorbent carbon fibers are discussed in Chapter 3. The manufacture, structure and properties of high performance fibers are reviewed in Chapter 4, and the manufacture and properties of vapor grown fibers and their composites are reported in Chapter 5. The properties and applications of novel low density composites developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are reported in Chapter 6.Coal is an important source of energy and an abundant source of carbon. The production of engineering carbons and graphite from coal via a solvent extraction route is described in Chapter 7. Applications of activated carbons are discussed in Chapters 8-10, including their use in the automotive arena as evaporative loss emission traps (Chapter 8), and in vehicle natural gas storage tanks (Chapter 9). The application of activated carbons in adsorption heat pumps and refrigerators is discussed in Chapter 10. Chapter 11 reports the use of carbon materials in the fast growing consumer electronics application of lithium-ion batteries. The role of carbon materials in nuclear systems is discussed in Chapters 12 and 13, where fusion device and fission reactor applications, respectively, are reviewed. In Chapter 12 the major technological issues for the utilization of carbon as a plasma facing material are discussed in the context of current and future fusion tokamak devices.The essential design features of graphite moderated reactors, (including gas-, water- and molten salt-cooled systems) are reviewed in Chapter 13, and reactor environmental effects such as radiation damage and radiolytic corrosion are discussed. The fracture behaviour of graphite is discussed in qualitative and quantitative terms in Chapter 14. The applications of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics and Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics to graphite are reviewed and a study of the role of small flaws in nuclear graphites is reported.

  • Composite Materials

    Engineering and Science
    • 1 Edición
    • F L Matthews + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The purpose of this wide-ranging introductory text is to provide a basic understanding of the underlying science as well as the engineering applications of composite materials. It explains how composite materials, with their advantages of high strength with stiffness, together with low weight and other desirable properties are formed and discusses the nature of the different types of reinforcement and matrix – and their interaction. Methods of production, examples of typical applications and essential data are all included.Composite materials: Engineering and science is based on a successful long running course at Imperial College, London, and the numerous worked examples combined with a comprehensive set of problems and self-assessment questions (with answers) provide an excellent text for senio undergraduate and graduate courses in materials science, engineering and physics. It will also be invaluable to any designer or professional engineer new to the composite materials field.This is a reissue of a successful and well-regarded textbook originally published in 1994 by Chapman & Hall.

  • Methods of the Physics of Porous Media

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 35
    • Thomas Lucatorto + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Over the past 25 years, the field of VUV physics has undergone significant developments as new powerful spectroscopic tools, VUV lasers, and optical components have become available. This volume is aimed at experimentalists who are in need of choosing the best type of modern instrumentation in this applied field. In particular, it contains a detailed chapter on laboratory sources. This volume provides an up-to-date description of state-of-the-art equipment and techniques, and a broad reference bibliography. It treats phenomena from the standpoint of an experimental physicist, whereby such topics as imaging techniques (NMR, X-ray, ultrasonic, etc.) computer modeling, eletro-kinetic phenomena, diffusion, non-linear wave propagation surface adsorption/desorptio... convective mixing, and fracture are specifically addressed.

  • Thermodynamics of Systems Containing Flexible-Chain Polymers

    • 1 Edición
    • V.J. Klenin
    • Inglés
    This book deals with the problems of the thermodynamics of systems containing flexible-chain polymers as the basis of polymer material science. The main thermodynamic quantities and concepts are introduced and discussed in the order of the objects getting more and more complicated: gases, magnets, low-molecular-weight substances and mixtures, and finally, polymers and polymer blends.All topics are considered in a common clue, using the principle of universality. The stability conditions for the one-phase state of multi-component systems are given. Phase separation is regarded as a result of loss in stability. The critical state of a system, with the one-phase state being close to the boundary of stability conditions breaking, is discussed in detail. The effects of both light scattering (elastic and dynamic) and diffusion, as directly depending on the thermodynamic parameters characterizing the one-phase state stability, are considered in detail. One of the versions of colloid scattering, namely, the turbidity spectrum method, is described as useful for the characterization of various heterogeneous structures and for the phase analysis of polymer systems. In the approximation of mean field theories and advanced field theory, formalisms expound the following divisions of the thermodynamics of binary and polynary systems with flexible-chain polymers: conformation of the polymer coil, composition fluctuations, elastic and dynamic light scattering, diffusion in the one-phase state (including the critical range), phase separation, polymer fractionation, the coil-globule transition, phase equilibrium and separation in the system network polymer + low-molecular-weight liquid, polymer blends and multiphase separation.

  • Solid State Physics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 52
    • Inglés
    The explosion of the science of mesoscopic structures is having a great impact on physics and electrical engineering because of the possible applications of these structures in microelectronic and optoelectronic devices of the future. This volume of Solid State Physics consists of two comprehensive and authoritative articles that discuss most of the physical problems that have so far been identified as being of importance in semiconductor nanostructures. Much of the volume is tutorial in characture--while at the same time presenting current and vital theoretical and experimental results and a copious reference list--so it will be essential reading to all those taking a part in the research and development of this emerging technology.

  • Principles of Metal Manufacturing Processes

    • 1 Edición
    • J. Beddoes + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Metals are still the most widely used structural materials in the manufacture of products and structures. Their properties are extremely dependent on the processes they undergo to form the final product. Successful manufacturing therefore depends on a detailed knowledge of the processing of the materials involved. This highly illustrated book provides that knowledge.Metal processing is a technical subject requiring a quantitative approach. This book illustrates this approach with real case studies derived from industry.

  • Metallurgy of Welding

    • 6 Edición
    • J. F. Lancaster
    • Inglés
    A new edition of a well established and respected textbook from an author who is a recognised authority in this field. Joining techniques are one of the key technologies in materials engineering and this book provides comprehensive coverage of the subject. It is intended for undergraduate and graduate students of metallurgy, as well as those attending specialist welding courses.It is also a valuable source of reference for practising engineers and metallurgists concerned with joining processes. The text covers the metallurgical changes that take place during the welding process, the properties of welded joints, defects associated with welding and the behaviour of welded joints in service. There is a chapter devoted to joints between metals and ceramics, and on the use of structural adhesives. The various techniques used in microwelding and the joining of solid-state devices to printed circuit boards are briefly described.In addition to revising and updating the text throughout the author has made some specific alterations and additions to the book:Brittle and ductile behaviour of solids, ductile francture, and the velocity of crack propogation are now included in the section on Fracture; Friction stir welding in now included; There is an additional chapter on adhesive bonding which includes bonding; forces, polymer chemistry, types of adhesive, production technology, quality control and applications; The section on heat flow has been expanded and includes worked examples; A section on weld defects and the evaluation of non-destructive tests has been added; A section on the welding metallurgy of aluminium-lithium alloys has been added; A new section describes major structural failure in such catastrophes as the 'Alexander L Kielland' accident and the Kobe earthquake, and considers the role of welding in such failures.

  • Electroceramics VI '98

    • 1 Edición
    • N. Setter + 2 más
    • Inglés
    This collection of 185 papers results from contributions made at Electroceramics VI which forms part of the joint triple meeting held in Montreaux, Switzerland in August 1998. The joint meeting covered recent advances in the broad and rapidly progressing field of electroceramics, ferroelectrics and polar dielectrics. More than 550 papers were presented at the triple meeting (250 of them at Electorceramics VI '98) including a series of plenary lectures highlighting research areas of strong current and emerging interests. The meeting demonstrated the wide variety of new applications being developed, based in particular on ferroelectrics, polar dielectrics, ionic conductors and any other functional ceramics. In comparison with previous meetings, the present one showed the growing importance of surfaces, interfaces and other boundaries, e.g. domain walls. Size effects and questions related to nanotechnology were comprehensively discussed both on the academic level and for device realizations. Microdevices and their integration problems (and solutions) were at the heart of many reports. The papers reflected the extensive activities in this interdisciplinary area, while the balance between presentations from academic laboratories and from industrial R&D laboratories was a testimony to its vitality. The volume contains 185 papers selected after refereeing of the 220 papers submitted for publication.

  • Minimum Reinforcement in Concrete Members

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 24
    • A. Carpinteri
    • Inglés
    The ESIS-Technical Committee 9 on Concrete was established in 1990 and has met seven times. A proposal was put to European and extra-European laboratories entitled "Scale effects and transitional failure phenomena of reinforced concrete beams in flexure" which lead to several positive responses.The central topic discussed by the committee was that of the minimum reinforcement in concrete members. The minimum amount of reinforcement is defined as that for which "peak load at first concrete cracking" and "ultimate load after steel yielding" are equal. In this way, any brittle behaviour is avoided as well as any localized failure, if the member is not over-reinforced. In other words, there is a reinforcement percentage range, depending on the size-scale, within which the plastic limit analysis may be applied with its static and kinematic theorems.Carpinteri, Ferro, Bosco and El-Katieb propose a LEFM model, according to which reinforcement reactions are applied directly on the crack surfaces and a compatibility condition is locally imposed on the crack opening displacement in correspondence with the reinforcement. The theoretical model is found to provide a satisfactory estimate of the minimum percentage of reinforcement that depends on the scale and enables the element in flexure to prevent brittle failure.

  • Self-Assembled InGaAs/GaAs Quantum Dots

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 60
    • Inglés
    This volume is concerned with the crystal growth, optical properties, and optical device application of the self-formed quantum dot, which is one of the major current subjects in the semiconductor research field.The atom-like density of states in quantum dots is expected to drastically improve semiconductor laser performance, and to develop new optical devices. However, since the first theoretical prediction for its great possibilities was presented in 1982, due to the difficulty of their fabrication process. Recently, the advent of self-organized quantum dots has made it possible to apply the results in important optical devices, and further progress is expected in the near future.The authors, working for Fujitsu Laboratories, are leading this quantum-dot research field. In this volume, they describe the state of the art in the entire field, with particular emphasis on practical applications.

  • Thin Film Materials for Large Area Electronics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 80
    • B. Equer + 3 más
    • Inglés
    The symposium brought together more than a hundred attendees from many countries including a significant participation from Japan and other East-Asia countries. Many of the trends observed in the 1st Symposium held in 1996 were confirmed: displays are indeed the main application in LAE (photovoltaics were not included in the topics of this symposium) and active matrix display (AMLCD) is still the leading technology. Future AMLCDs integrating the display drivers onto the same substrate require much faster thin-film transistors (TFTs) than those used for LCD addressing, therefore putting a strong demand on polysilicon performances. As a consequence the quest for an improved low temperature, large area (and low cost) polysilicon process is intensive and the competitors, including direct plasma deposition and excimer laser crystallization of amorphous layers, are reporting significant steps forward. With the tremendous demand for efficient colour flat panel displays, other display technologies are gaining interest. Field emission display (FED) is one of them. FEDs based on amorphous tetrahedral carbon thin-films are stimulating intensive studies on the optoelectronic properties of this complex material.Large area pixellized sensors for x-ray radiography and document scanning is another field of application in LAE which has recently reached initial production. Using a TFT or diode pixel addressing similar to AMLCD, this kind of device benefits from most of the AMLCD technology. However these devices present an increased complexity and stringent specifications on noise which in turn means materials with improved electronic transport properties. Finally, LAE is a fast developing area in thin-film research and technology. Initially an all-silicon domain, it now involves a large range of thin-film semiconductors and dielectrics, whose properties need to be fully understood and for which flexible and efficient processes have still to be developed.

  • Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Structures

    Using Externally-Bonded Frp Composites in Structural and Civil Engineering
    • 1 Edición
    • L C Hollaway + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The in situ rehabilitation or upgrading of reinforced concrete members using bonded steel plates is an effective, convenient and economic method of improving structural performance. However, disadvantages inherent in the use of steel have stimulated research into the possibility of using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials in its place, providing a non-corrosive, more versatile strengthening system.This book presents a detailed study of the flexural strengthening of reinforced and prestressed concrete members using fibre reinforces polymer composite plates. It is based to a large extent on material developed or provided by the consortium which studied the technology of plate bonding to upgrade structural units using carbon fibre / polymer composite materials. The research and trial tests were undertaken as part of the ROBUST project, one of several ventures in the UK Government's DTI-LINK Structural Composites Programme.The book has been designed for practising structural and civil engineers seeking to understand the principles and design technology of plate bonding, and for final year undergraduate and postgraduate engineers studying the principles of highway and bridge engineering and structural engineering.

  • Sol-Gel Silica

    Properties, Processing and Technology Transfer
    • 1 Edición
    • Larry L. Hench
    • Inglés
    A unique perspective of twentieth century research and development in materials science. It summarizes the fifteen years of sol-gel silica processing research leading to the commercial development of bioactive gel-glasses for medical applications. It demonstrates the combined use of quantum mechanical molecular modeling and spectroscopy to solve environmental stability problems. A final chapter addresses the topic of Technology Transfer - how to transfer technology from the laboratory to a profitable commercial enterprise using examples from various chapters in the book.

  • Dynamic Mechanical Analysis for Plastics Engineering

    • 1 Edición
    • Michael Sepe
    • Inglés
    As plastics are being used more extensively in high-performance markets, it is imperative that designers and engineers understand all aspects of polymer behavior over an extended service life. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis for Plastics Engineering describes practical uses for DMA information. All of the information for 120 families of thermoplastics is based on independent test data conducted exclusively for this product and is not available through any other source. This PDL addition shows how to use the DMA data to predict, at various temperatures, each materials estimated service life and potential for failure. This book explains the correlation between time and temperature-dependen... and illustrates how time-dependent responses such as creep and stress relaxation affect the practical utility of different materials. Basic polymer structures are discussed and test results show how these structural details can be detected and understood.

  • Water-Based Paint Formulations, Vol. 4

    • 1 Edición
    • Ernest W. Flick
    • Inglés
    This collection of 232 water-based trade and industrial formulations will be of value to technical and managerial personnel in paint manufacturing companies and firms which supply raw materials or services to these companies, and to those interested in less hazardous, environmentally safer formulations. The book will be useful to both those with extensive experience as well as those new to the field. This book includes new and different formulations than those included in the previous volumes. The data consist of selections of manufacturers' suggested formulations made at no cost to, nor influence from, the makers or distributors of these materials. The information given is presented as supplied; the manufacturer should be contacted if there are any questions. Only the most recent data supplied us has been included. Any solvent contained is minimal.The table of contents is organized in such a way as to serve as a subject index. The formulations described are divided into sections which cover exterior, interior, and exterior and/or interior water-based paints, enamels, and coatings, as indicated below. Included in the descriptive information for each formulations, where available, the following properties may be listed: viscosity, solids, content, % nonvolatiles, pigment volume concentration, density, pH, spatter, leveling, sag resistance, scrub stability, freeze-thaw stability, ease of application, gloss foaming, cratering, brightness, opacity, water spotting, adhesion to chalk, brush cleanup, reflectance, and sheen.

  • Asphalt Materials and Mix Design Manual

    • 1 Edición
    • Irving Kett
    • Inglés
    The purpose of this manual is to familiarize industry and students with the technology of asphalt in its several forms namely asphalt cement, cutback asphalt, and asphalt emulsions. The laboratory work is designed to develop an understanding of asphalt properties, characteristics, testing procedures, and specifications. The procedures outlined are all derived from ASTM designations and practice as recommended by the Asphalt Institute. Where the particular ASTM method permits alternate procedures, the one more applicable to the available equipment and the teaching situation was chosen.The manual consists of the following:ò 35 of the frequently used ASTM tests in Asphalt Binder and Mix Design.ò Sample computations and easy to use data sheets, most of which have been developed specifically for the manual.ò An up-to-date overview of Asphalt Technology including sources, historical development, and classifications of asphalt products.ò Easy to understand explanations for Voids Mineral Aggregate, Absorbed Asphalt, Effective Asphalt Content, Percent Air Voids, and Percent of Voids filled with Asphalt.ò A stand-alone asphalt manual, written specifically for university laboratory instruction, yet applicable for a commercial testing laboratory. Rarely will other reference materials need to be referred to.ò Dimensions in both the SI and the US Standard systems of measurement.ò An appendix with conversion factors, rules of safety and procedures, overview of SHRP SUPERPAVE, explanation of asphalt emulsions, and additional data sheets on single-sided pages.

  • Metallocene Catalyzed Polymers

    Materials, Processing and Markets
    • 1 Edición
    • George M. Benedikt + 1 más
    • Inglés
    It has been estimated that within just ten years, over half of all polyolefins will be made by using metallocene catalysts. This ground-breaking volume from PDL brings togetherùfor the first timeùwork from dozens of world-renowned experts on the subject. Fifty chapters of peer-reviewed content offer insights into applications in automotive components, food packaging, insulating films, non-woven fabrics and medical markets, among others.

  • Medical Plastics

    Degradation Resistance and Failure Analysis
    • 1 Edición
    • Robert C Portnoy
    • Robert C Portnoy
    • Inglés
    The use of plastics is widespread. Less widespread, however, is a clear understanding and examination of the many forms of degradation inherent within the very environments these materials must perform. Medical PlasticsùDegradation Resistance & Failure Analysis fills that void. The introductory chapter gives an overview of the medical applications of plastics and the specific performance requirements they need to meet. The following chapters discuss various degrading environments and their effects including environmental stress cracking, effect of body liquids, effect of harsh environments, and various methods of sterilization. The book also discusses the failure of medical devices due to contamination, low temperature, the effects of UV light, migration of formulation components, mechanical stresses, and problems with design and fabrication. Case histories of failures of some common products used in medicine are also provided.

  • Advanced Polymer Processing Operations

    • 1 Edición
    • Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff
    • Inglés
    This volume covers advanced polymer processing operations and is designed to provide a description of some of the latest industry developments for unique products and fabrication methods. Contributors for this volume are from both industry and academia from the international community. This book contains nine chapters covering advanced processing applications and technologies.

  • Biomaterials and Biodegradable Polymers and Macromolecules: Current Research and Industrial Applications

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 72
    • F. Burny + 1 más
    • Inglés

  • Fullerenes and Carbon Based Materials

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 68
    • P. Delhaes + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This special issue of Carbon, a collection of reviewed papers, was presented at Symposium A, Fullerenes and Carbon Based Materials at the combined 1997 International Conference on Applied Materials/European Materials Research Society Spring meeting (ICAM'97/E-MRS'97) held in Strasbourg (France) from 16-20 June 1997. 140 presentations were given at the conference in seven different sessions. The most extensively addressed research fields were carbon materials in general, diamond-like carbon, pristine, polymeric and endohedral fullerenes, nanotubes, and carbonitrides. Of accepted manuscripts, the largest number of contributions is dedicated to carbon materials in general and to fullerenes. Highlights in the former are the discussions on hydrogen-free carbons and on hard carbon coatings. In the fullerenes group many new results on polymeric structures and on endohedrally-doped higher fullerenes are reported.The field of carbon nanotubes is strongly represented with reports on new techniques for the production of the tubes and where the analyses by scanning probe microscopy and light scattering are the central problems. Carbonitrides as well as a few contributions from related molecular materials like cubanes or oligophenylenes are included. The symposium proved to be a valuable venue where new scientific and technological problems in the field of new materials were reported.

  • Reinforced Plastics Durability

    • 1 Edición
    • G. Pritchard
    • Inglés
    Reinforced plastics composites are increasingly in demand for the huge range of long-term applications - not surprisingly, as they are amongst the best materials in the world for durability. This exceptionally user-friendly guide has been written for engineers, designers and managers who are considering using reinforced plastics in applicationswhere a long product life is essential, including buildings, bridges, boats, tanks, pipes and swimming pools.The book is clearly written and easily accessible to those with no background in composite science, although detailed references are provided for those wishing to pursue any area in more depth. After introducing the key concepts, there are chapters focusing on the effects of outdoor weathering, solvent and water attack, high temperature and repetitive stress. Experience with specific applications over time is discussed, and repair is considered. The use of computer techniques in predicting durability is outlined and there are some case histories.

  • Germanium Silicon: Physics and Materials

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 56
    • Inglés
    Since its inception in 1966, the series of numbered volumes known as Semiconductors and Semimetals has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors. The "Willardson and Beer" Series, as it is widely known, has succeeded in publishing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. Not only did many of these volumes make an impact at the time of their publication, but they continue to be well-cited years after their original release. Recently, Professor Eicke R. Weber of the University of California at Berkeley joined as a co-editor of the series. Professor Weber, a well-known expert in the field of semiconductor materials, will further contribute to continuing the series' tradition of publishing timely, highly relevant, and long-impacting volumes. Some of the recent volumes, such as Hydrogen in Semiconductors, Imperfections in III/V Materials, Epitaxial Microstructures, High-Speed Heterostructure Devices, Oxygen in Silicon, and others promise that this tradition will be maintained and even expanded.Reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field that the series covers, the volumes in Semiconductors and Semimetals have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in modern industry.

  • Particle Beam Physics

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 105
    • Peter W. Hawkes
    • Inglés
    Advances in Imaging & Electron Physics merges two long-running serials--Advances in Electronics & Electron Physics and Advances in Optical & Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.

  • Identification of Defects in Semiconductors

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 51B
    • Inglés
    GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SERIESSince its inception in 1966, the series of numbered volumes known as Semiconductors and Semimetals has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors. The "Willardson and Beer" Series, as it is widely known, has succeeded in publishing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. Not only did many of these volumes make an impact at the time of their publication, but they continue to be well-cited years after their original release. Recently, Professor Eicke R. Weber of the University of California at Berkeley joined as a co-editor of the series. Professor Weber, a well-known expert in the field of semiconductor materials, will further contribute to continuing the series' tradition of publishing timely, highly relevant, and long-impacting volumes. Some of the recent volumes, such as Hydrogen in Semiconductors, Imperfections in III/V Materials, Epitaxial Microstructures, High-Speed Heterostructure Devices, Oxygen in Silicon, and others promise indeed that this tradition will be maintained and even expanded.Reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field that the series covers, the volumes in Semiconductors and Semimetals have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in modern industry. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE VOLUMEThis volume has contributions on Advanced Characterization Techniques with a focus on defect identification. The combination of beam techniques with electrical and optical characterization has not been discussed elsewhere.

  • Cumulative Subject Index Volumes 1-32

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 34
    • Marc De Graef + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This volume is the cumulative subject index for volumes 1-32 of Experimental Methods in Physical Sciences.

  • Engineered Interfaces in Fiber Reinforced Composites

    • 1 Edición
    • Jang-Kyo Kim + 1 más
    • Inglés
    The study and application of composite materials are a truly interdisciplinary endeavour that has been enriched by contributions from chemistry, physics, materials science, mechanics and manufacturing engineering. The understanding of the interface (or interphase) in composites is the central point of this interdisciplinary effort. From the early development of composite materials of various nature, the optimization of the interface has been of major importance. While there are many reference books available on composite materials, few of them deal specifically with the science and mechanics of the interface of fiber reinforced composites. Further, many recent advances devoted solely to research in composite interfaces have been scattered in a variety of published literature and have yet to be assembled in a readily accessible form. To this end this book is an attempt to bring together recent developments in the field, both from the materials science and mechanics perspective, in a single convenient volume.The central theme of the book is tailoring the interface properties to optimise the mechanical peformance and structural integrity of composites with enhanced strength/stiffness and fracture toughness (or specific fracture resistance). It deals mainly with interfaces in advanced composites made from high performance fibers, such as glass, carbon, aramid, ultra high modulus polyethylene and some inorganic (e.g. B/W, A12O3, SiC) fibers, and matrix materials encompassing polymers, metals/alloys and ceramics. The book is intended to provide a comprehensive treatment of composite interfaces in such a way that it should be of interest to materials scientists, technologists and practising engineers, as well as graduate students and their supervisors in advanced composites. We hope that this book will also serve as a valuable source of reference to all those involved in the design and research of composite interfaces.The book contains eight chapters of discussions on microstructure-prope... relationships with underlying fundamental mechanics principles. In Chapter 1, an introduction is given to the nature and definition of interfaces in fiber reinforced composites. Chapter 2 is devoted to the mechanisms of adhesion which are specific to each fiber-matrix system, and the physio-chemical characterization of the interface with regard to the origin of adhesion. The experimental techniques that have been developed to assess the fiber-matrix interface bond quality on a microscopic scale are presented in Chapter 3, along with the techniques of measuring interlaminar/intrala... strengths and fracture toughness using bulk composite laminates. The applicability and limitations associated with loading geometry and interpretation of test data are compared. Chapter 4 presents comprehensive theoretical analyses based on shear-lag models of the single fiber composite tests, with particular interest being placed on the interface debond process and the nature of the fiber-matrix interfacial bonding. Chapter 5 is devoted to reviewing current techniques of fiber surface treatments which have been devised to improve the bond strength and the fiber-matrix compatibility/stabil... during the manufacturing processes of composites. The micro-failure mechanisms and their associated theories of fracture toughness of composites are discussed in Chapter 6. The roles of the interface and its effects on the mechanical performance of fiber composites are addressed from several viewpoints. Recent research efforts to augment the transverse and interlaminar fracture toughness by means of controlled interfaces are presented in Chapters 7 and 8.

  • Gallium-Nitride (GaN) II

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 57
    • Inglés
    Since its inception in 1966, the series of numbered volumes known as Semiconductors and Semimetals has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors. The "Willardson and Beer" Series, as it is widely known, has succeeded in publishing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. Not only did many of these volumes make an impact at the time of their publication, but they continue to be well-cited years after their original release. Recently, Professor Eicke R. Weber of the University of California at Berkeley joined as a co-editor of the series. Professor Weber, a well-known expert in the field of semiconductor materials, will further contribute to continuing the series' tradition of publishing timely, highly relevant, and long-impacting volumes. Some of the recent volumes, such as Hydrogen in Semiconductors, Imperfections in III/V Materials, Epitaxial Microstructures, High-Speed Heterostructure Devices, Oxygen in Silicon, and others promise indeed that this tradition will be maintained and even expanded.Reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field that the series covers, the volumes in Semiconductors and Semimetals have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in modern industry.

  • Adsorption by Powders and Porous Solids

    Principles, Methodology and Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • Jean Rouquerol + 2 más
    • Inglés
    The declared objective of this book is to provide an introductory review of the various theoretical and practical aspects of adsorption by powders and porous solids with particular reference to materials of technological importance. The primary aim is to meet the needs of students and non-specialists, who are new to surface science or who wish to use the advanced techniques now available for the determination of surface area, pore size and surface characterization. In addition, a critical account is given of recent work on the adsorptive properties of activated carbons, oxides, clays and zeolites.

  • Advances in Organometallic Chemistry

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 43
    • Inglés
    This book is an essential reference work for the academic and industrial chemists and will provide up-to-date material at the cutting edge of chemistry research.This widely-acclaimed serial contains authoritative reviews that address all aspects of organometallic chemistry, a field which has expanded enormously since the publication of Volume 1 in 1964. Almost all branches of chemistry and material science now interface with organometallic chemistry--the study of compounds containing carbon-metal bonds. Organometallic compounds range from species which are so reactive that they only have a transient existence at ambient temperatures to species which are thermally very stable. Organometallics are used extensively in the synthesis of useful compounds on both large and small scales. Industrial processes involving plastics, polymers, electronic materials, and pharmaceuticals all depend on advancements in organometallic chemistry.

  • Engineering Coatings

    Design and Application
    • 2 Edición
    • S Grainger + 1 más
    • Inglés
    It is now 10 years since the first edition of Engineering Coatings by Stan Grainger appeared. The success of that edition, and the developments in the area since its publication make this new edition a valuable additionto the literature on the subject.This new edition describes the many methods by which surface coatings or surface modification can be carried out to delay surface degradation and prolong the useful life of engineering components. Since surface technology has advanced in many areas, new techniques such as the newer thermal spray processes and laser surfacing are now covered and the book has been expanded to include more coverage on corrosion.Major changes have also taken place in health and safety legislation, and the sections covering health and safety have been entirely revised as a result. Engineering Coatings with its breadth of coverage and sound basis inindustrial practice is an invaluable guide to methods which have the potential to save money in many industries concerned with wear, corrosion, welding and thermal spraying of engineering components.

  • Computational Modeling of Issues in Materials Science

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 70
    • H. Dreyssé + 3 más
    • Inglés
    The Symposium D, entitled Computational Modeling of Issues in Materials Science was presented at the combined 1997 International Conference on Applied Materials/European Materials Research Society Spring meeting (ICAM'97/E-MRS'97) held in Strasbourg (France) from 16-20 June 1997. Those who attended came from all five continents with participants coming from as far away as South Africa, Australia and Eastern Europe. There were 14 invited talks, 54 contributed papers, and 62 posters presented at the symposium. Computational materials science has truly emerged as a field in itself. The range of phenomena studied and the variety of techniques used indicate that the subject has sufficiently matured that technologically relevant information can now be routinely extracted from computational modeling. These models increasingly use atomistic information from which macroscopic parameters may be determined. Several papers showed that parallel computers will play a major role in the further development of the field. The Car-Parrinello method emerged as a workhorse for the most advanced simulations which the advent of faster hardware and diffusion of computer codes has brought within easy reach of many research groups. How to consistently go from the micro- to the macro-scale remains one of the great unsolved puzzles in computational materials science and was the subject of much discussion at the symposium. The interdisciplinary side of computational studies of matter was demonstrated in several talks, where authors borrowed methods from nuclear physics, fluid dynamics, and other subjects. This was a very productive symposium with new collaborations started, many novel ideas generated and a large amount of information disseminated. The meeting gave an excellent idea of the status of computational materials service anno 1997.

  • III-V Nitrides Semiconductors and Ceramics: From Material Growth to Device Applications

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 74
    • B.K. Meyer
    • Inglés
    Gallium Nitride and its alloys with InN and AlN, have recently emerged as important semiconductor materials with application to yellow, green, blue and ultraviolet portions of the spectrum as emitters, detectors and high temperature electronics. LEDs based on wide badgap GaN nitrides exhibit excellent longevity and brightness levels. Combined with red LEDs one can, for the first time, have full colour semiconductor displays.The 4 day symposium was presented at the combined 1997 International Conference on Applied Materials/European Materials Research Society Spring meeting (ICAM'97/E-MRS'97) held in Strasbourg (France) from 16-20 June 1997, provided a forum for active nitride researchers covering the most recent developments in all areas of nitride semiconductors. Sessions focused on the aspects of epitaxial and bulk growth of GaN and its alloys, on optical properties and structural and electrical characterisation, quantum phenomena and light-emitting devices such as LEDs and laser diodes.

  • Microstructural Characterisation of Fibre-Reinforced Composites

    • 1 Edición
    • John Summerscales
    • Inglés
    Over the last 50 years, great progress has been made in developing artificial fibre-reinforced composite materials, generally using filaments with microscopic diameters. A wide range of reinforcement forms, from random arrays to fully aligned, can be used for commercial applications, with the microstructure being a critical factor in realising the required properties in a material.This is the first up-to-date review of how to apply advanced microstructural characterisation techniques to fibre-reinforced composites. Each chapter is designed to offer both a stand-alone introduction to its topic and detailed referencing for follow-up research. With contributions from experts from around the world, the book will be an essential reference for materials scientists and research workers in industry and academia alike.

  • CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams): A Comprehensive Guide

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 1
    • N. Saunders + 1 más
    • Inglés
    This monograph acts as a benchmark to current achievements in the field of Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry, often called CALPHAD which is an acronym for Computer CALculation of PHAse Diagrams. It also acts as a guide to both the basic background of the subject area and the cutting edge of the topic, combining comprehensive discussions of the underlying physical principles of the CALPHAD method with detailed descriptions of their application to real complex multi-component materials.Approaches which combine both thermodynamic and kinetic models to interpret non-equilibrium phase transformations are also reviewed.

  • Reliability and Failure of Electronic Materials and Devices

    • 1 Edición
    • Milton Ohring
    • Inglés
    Suitable as a reference work for reliability professionals or as a text for advanced undergraduate or graduate students, this book introduces the reader to the widely dispersed reliability literature of microelectronic and electronic-optional devices. Reliability and Failure of Electronic Materials and Devices integrates a treatment of chip and packaging level failures within the context of the atomic mechanisms and models used to explain degradation, and the statistical handling of lifetime data. Electromigration, dielectric radiation damage and the mechanical failure of contacts and solder joints are among the failure mechanisms considered. An underlying thread of the book concerns product defects--their relation to yield and reliability, the role they play in failure, and the way they are experimentally exposed.The reader will gain a deeper physical understanding of failure mechanisms in electronic materials and devices, acquire skills in the mathematical handling of reliability data, and better appreciate future technology trends and the reliability issues they raise.

  • Identification of Defects in Semiconductors

    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 51A
    • Inglés
    Since its inception in 1966, the series of numbered volumes known as Semiconductors and Semimetals has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors.The"Wil... and Beer"Series, as it is widely known, has succeeded in publishing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. Not only did many of these volumes make an impact at the time of their publication, but they continue to be well-cited years after their original release. Recently, Professor Eicke R. Weber of the University of California at Berkeley joined as a co-editor of the series. Professor Weber, a well-known expert in the field of semiconductor materials, will further contribute to continuing the series' tradition of publishing timely, highly relevant, and long-impacting volumes. Some of the recent volumes, such as Hydrogen in Semiconductors, Imperfections in III/V Materials, Epitaxial Microstructures, High-Speed Heterostructure Devices,Oxygen in Silicon, and others promise indeed that this tradition will be maintained and even expanded.Reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field that the series covers, the volumes in Semiconductors and Semimetals have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in modern industry.

  • Long Wave Polar Modes in Semiconductor Heterostructures

    • 1 Edición
    • C. Trallero-Giner + 2 más
    • Inglés
    Long Wave Polar Modes in Semiconductor Heterostructures is concerned with the study of polar optical modes in semiconductor heterostructures from a phenomenological approach and aims to simplify the model of lattice dynamics calculations. The book provides useful tools for performing calculations relevant to anyone who might be interested in practical applications. The main focus of Long Wave Polar Modes in Semiconductor Heterostructures is planar heterostructures (quantum wells or barriers, superlattices, double barrier structures etc) but there is also discussion on the growing field of quantum wires and dots. Also to allow anyone reading the book to apply the techniques discussed for planar heterostructures, the scope has been widened to include cylindrical and spherical geometries. The book is intended as an introductory text which guides the reader through basic questions and expands to cover state-of-the-art professional topics. The book is relevant to experimentalists wanting an instructive presentation of a simple phenomenological model and theoretical tools to work with and also to young theoreticians by providing discussion of basic issues and the basis of advanced theoretical formulations. The book also provides a brief respite on the physics of piezoelectric waves as a coupling to polar optical modes.

  • Advances in Heat Transfer

    Transport Phenomena in Crystal Growth
    • 1 Edición
    • Volumen 30
    • Inglés

  • Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids

    Handbook of Thermo-Optic Coefficients of Optical Materials with Applications
    • 1 Edición
    • Gorachand Ghosh
    • Inglés
    This volume in the Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids is the first and only book to provide comprehensive coverage of refractive index and thermo-optic coefficients. It contains the refractive indexes and thermo-optic coefficients for nonlinear crystals, semiconductors, optical glasses, and fiber glasses. The Sellmeier coefficients of two physically meaningful Sellmeier equations are evaluated and are used to calculate these values throughout the normal transmission region of these optical materials. The author has also included analysis and explanations for some temperature-dependen... optical devices/systems

  • Hysteresis in Magnetism

    For Physicists, Materials Scientists, and Engineers
    • 1 Edición
    • Giorgio Bertotti
    • Inglés
    This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the physics of hysteresis in magnetism and of the mathematical tools used to describe it. Hysteresis in Magnetism discusses from a unified viewpoint the relationsof hysteresis to Maxwells equations, equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics, non-linear system dynamics, micromagnetics, and domain theory. These aspects are then applied to the interpretation of magnetization reversal mechanisms: coherent rotation and switching in magnetic particles, stochastic domain wall motion and the Barkhausen effect, coercivity mechanisms and magnetic viscosity, rate-dependent hysteresis and eddy-current losses. The book emphasizes the connection between basic physical ideas and phenomenological models of interest to applications, and, in particular, to the conceptual path going from Maxwells equations and thermodynamics to micromagnetics and to Preisach hysteresis modeling.

  • Polypropylene

    The Definitive User's Guide and Databook
    • 1 Edición
    • Clive Maier + 1 más
    • Inglés
    Polypropylene: The Definitive User's Guide and Databook presents in a single volume a panoramic and up-to-the-minute user's guide for today's most important thermoplastic. The book examines every aspectùscience, technology, engineering, properties, design, processing, applicationsùof the continuing development and use of polypropylene. The unique treatment means that specialists can not only find what they want but for the first time can relate to and understand the needs and requirements of others in the product development chain. The entire work is underpinned by very extensive collections of property data that allow the reader to put the information to real industrial and commercial use. Despite the preeminence and unrivaled versatility of polypropylene as a thermoplastic material to manufacture, relatively few books have been devoted to its study. Polypropylene: The Definitive User's Guide and Databook not only fills the gap but breaks new ground in doing so.Polypropylene is the most popular thermoplastic in use today, and still one of the fastest growing. Polypropylene: The Definitive User's Guide and Databook is the complete workbook and reference resource for all those who work with the material. Its comprehensive scope uniquely caters to polymer scientists, plastics engineers, processing technologists, product designers, machinery and mold makers, product managers, end users, researchers and students alike.

  • Nonlinear Diffusion of Electromagnetic Fields

    With Applications to Eddy Currents and Superconductivity
    • 1 Edición
    • Inglés
    Nonlinear Diffusion of Electromagnetic Fields covers applications of the phenomena of non-linear diffusion of electromagnetic fields, such as magnetic recording, electromagnetic shielding and non-destructive testing, development of CAD software, and the design of magnetic components in electrical machinery. The material presented has direct applications to the analysis of eddy currents in magnetically nonlinear and hysteretic conductors and to the study of magnetization processes in electrically nonlinear superconductors. This book will provide very valuable technical and scientific information to a broad audience of engineers and researchers who are involved in these diverse areas.

  • Thermoset Resins for Composites

    Directory and Databook
    • 2 Edición
    • Trevor Starr + 2 más
    • Inglés
    The continuing expansion world-wide of the composites industry ensures a warm welcome for the second edition of this popular and successful directory and databook, first published in 1993. This edition has been completely revised and updated to include many new companies and new and improved thermoset resin systems, as well as major and important changes in the whole manufacturer/supplie... picture.As in the first edition, the initial directory section of the book includes a comprehensive contact listing of all relevant companies, together with some basic explanations of thermoset chemistry. The databook section has been completely redesigned to allow more resin description and property tabulation as well as a more reader-friendly, useful layout.In its new edition, the book will continue to be an essential reference throughout the composites industry as well as to academics and students of materials science.

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